Mitochondria-associated microRNAs in rat hippocampus following traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability. However, the molecular events contributing to the pathogenesis are not well understood. Mitochondria serve as the powerhouse of cells, respond to cellular demands and stressors, and play an essential role in cell signaling, differentiation, and survival.

A survey of scholarly literature describing the field of bioinformatics education and bioinformatics educational research.

Bioinformatics education can be broadly defined as the teaching and learning of the use of computer and information technology, along with mathematical and statistical analysis for gathering, storing, analyzing, interpreting, and integrating data to solve biological problems. The recent surge of genomics, proteomics, and structural biology in the potential advancement of research and development in complex biomedical systems has created a need for an educated workforce in bioinformatics. However, effectively integrating bioinformatics education through formal and informal educational settings has been a challenge due in part to its cross-disciplinary nature.

The challenges of hypervolemic therapy in patients after subarachnoid haemorrhage.

Purpose: The triple-H therapy is widely used for cerebral vasospasm (CV) prevention and treatment in patients after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). However, this practice is based on low level evidence. Aim of this study was to evaluate errors in fluid administration, fluid balance monitoring and bedside charts completeness during a trial of triple-H therapy.

Six1 is down-regulated in end-stage human dilated cardiomyopathy independently of Ezh2.

Background: Recently, it was shown that a knock-out (KO) of the polycomb histone methyltransferase Ezh2 leads to cardiac hypertrophy in mice, which was driven by the homeodomain transcription factor Six1. Here, we analyzed the expression of Six1 and its regulating factor Ezh2 in cardiac tissue of patients with end-stage dilative cardiomyopathy (DCM).

Methods: Tissue samples of patients with end-stage DCM ( = 35) were compared with controls ( = 12) for the protein expression of Ezh1, Ezh2, Six1, and a marker of protein expression p70S6K.

Management and outcomes of small bowel obstruction in older adult patients: a prospective cohort study.

Background: The purpose of this research was to examine the morbidity, mortality and rate of recurrent bowel obstruction associated with the treatment of small bowel obstruction (SBO) in older adults.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled all patients 70 years or older with an SBO who were admitted to a tertiary care teaching centre between Jul. 1, 2011, and Sept.

Catabolic signaling and muscle wasting after acute ischemic stroke in mice: indication for a stroke-specific sarcopenia.

Background And Purpose: Muscle wasting is a common complication accompanying stroke. Although it is known to impair poststroke recovery, the mechanisms of subacute catabolism after stroke have not been investigated in detail. The aim of this study is to investigate mechanisms of local and systemic catabolism and muscle wasting (sarcopenia) in a model of ischemic stroke systematically.

Metabolic engineering of itaconate production in Escherichia coli.

Interest in sustainable development has led to efforts to replace petrochemical-based monomers with biomass-based ones. Itaconic acid, a C5-dicarboxylic acid, is a potential monomer for the chemical industry with many prospective applications. cis-aconitate decarboxylase (CadA) is the key enzyme of itaconate production, converting the citric acid cycle intermediate cis-aconitate into itaconate.

Cardiovascular function and predictors of exercise capacity in patients with colorectal cancer.

Background: Patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) often present with dyspnea and fatigue. These are also frequent symptoms in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).

Objectives: We hypothesized that similar patterns of cardiovascular perturbations are present in CRC and CHF.

Muscle wasting: an overview of recent developments in basic research.

The syndrome of cachexia, i.e. involuntary weight loss in patients with underlying diseases, sarcopenia, i.

Formoterol in the treatment of experimental cancer cachexia: effects on heart function.

Background And Aims: Formoterol is a highly potent β2-adrenoceptor-selective agonist, which is a muscle growth promoter in many animal species, resulting in skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Previous studies carried out in our laboratory have shown that formoterol treatment in tumour-bearing animals resulted in an amelioration of muscle loss through different mechanisms that include muscle apoptosis and proteolysis.

Methods: The study presented involved rats bearing the Yoshida AH-130 ascites tumour model-which induces a high degree of cachexia-treated with the beta-2 agonist formoterol (0.

Muscle wasting: an overview of recent developments in basic research.

The syndrome of cachexia, i.e., involuntary weight loss in patients with underlying diseases, sarcopenia, i.

In vitro dermal and epidermal cellular response to titanium alloy implants fabricated with electron beam melting.

Transdermal osseointegrated prostheses (TOPs) are emerging as an alternative to socket prostheses. Electron beam melting (EBM) is a promising additive manufacturing technology for manufacture of custom, freeform titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) implants. Skin ongrowth for infection resistance and mechanical stability are critically important to the success of TOP, which can be influenced by material composition and surface characteristics.

Rosiglitazone reduces body wasting and improves survival in a rat model of cancer cachexia.

Objective: Rosiglitazone improves insulin sensitivity and promotes weight gain in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which could be useful in wasting and cachexia. However, its effects on cardiac function are controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of rosiglitazone on body wasting, body composition, cardiac function, and survival in a rat model of cancer cachexia.

[Discontinuation-Emergent Signs and Symptoms Inventory--Polish translation of the discontinuation signs and symptoms checklist].

A number of preclinical and clinical studies are focused on mechanisms of SSRI discontinuation syndrome as well as the patient populations and agents that are most affected by this phenomenon. Characteristics of onset, duration, and severity of any discontinuation symptoms and spontaneous reports of taper/poststudy-emergent adverse events should be compared with those of the active comparator in these studies. Besides, common clinical practice supplies a number of problems associated with SSRI discontinuation syndrome as related to treatment planning and management.

Rituximab with or without a conventional maintenance agent in the treatment of relapsing granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's): a retrospective single-center study.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of rituximab (RTX) induction therapy and the duration of remission, when RTX is used with or without a conventional maintenance agent, in a cohort of patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's) (GPA).

Methods: This was a retrospective, single-center study of patients with relapsing GPA treated with at least 1 course of RTX (4 weekly doses of 375 mg/m(2) intravenously [IV] or 2 fixed doses of 1,000 mg IV 2 weeks apart). Complete remission was defined as the absence of disease activity measured by a Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score for Wegener's granulomatosis of 0 and not qualified by the prednisone dosage at the time.

Superior triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in starchless mutants of Scenedesmus obliquus: (I) mutant generation and characterization.

Background: Microalgae are a promising platform for producing neutral lipids, to be used in the application for biofuels or commodities in the feed and food industry. A very promising candidate is the oleaginous green microalga Scenedesmus obliquus, because it accumulates up to 45% w/w triacylglycerol (TAG) under nitrogen starvation. Under these conditions, starch is accumulated as well.

Superior triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in starchless mutants of Scenedesmus obliquus: (II) evaluation of TAG yield and productivity in controlled photobioreactors.

Background: Many microalgae accumulate carbohydrates simultaneously with triacylglycerol (TAG) upon nitrogen starvation, and these products compete for photosynthetic products and metabolites from the central carbon metabolism. As shown for starchless mutants of the non-oleaginous model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, reduced carbohydrate synthesis can enhance TAG production. However, these mutants still have a lower TAG productivity than wild-type oleaginous microalgae.

Aspergillus fumigatus induces microRNA-132 in human monocytes and dendritic cells.

Aspergillus fumigatus is responsible for severe and often fatal infections in immunocompromised patients. The human immune response against this pathogenic mould is still not fully understood. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been characterized as regulators of inflammation and immune response in various diseases.

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of bisoprolol, ramiprilat, propranolol and midazolam in rat dried blood spots.

Dried blood spot (DBS) sampling represents a suitable method for pharmacokinetic studies in rats, particularly if serial sampling is needed. To study the pharmacokinetics of drugs in a rat heart failure (HF) model, we developed and validated a method for the simultaneous determination of bisoprolol, ramiprilat, propranolol and midazolam in DBS samples. Bisoprolol and ramipril are widely used in the treatment of HF, and midazolam and propranolol are markers of hepatic metabolism, which can be altered in HF.

Prognostic factors for morbidity and mortality in elderly patients undergoing acute gastrointestinal surgery: a systematic review.

Background: Elderly patients undergoing acute gastrointestinal (GI) surgery experience increased morbidity and mortality compared with younger and elective patients. Prognostic factors can be used to counsel patients of these risks and, if modifiable, to minimize them. We reviewed the literature on prognostic factors for adverse outcomes in elderly patients undergoing acute GI surgery.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's): impact of maintenance therapy duration.

To determine outcomes in relation to duration of maintenance therapy in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's) (GPA), we conducted a retrospective chart review of patients with GPA seen at a single vasculitis center from 1992 to 2010. All patients achieved remission defined by a Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score for Wegener Granulomatosis (BVAS/WG) of 0 with either cyclophosphamide or methotrexate. After achieving remission all patients were started on maintenance therapy with either methotrexate or azathioprine.

The success of the citizen suit: protecting consumers from inaccurate food labeling by amending the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ("FDCA"), amended in 1990 by the Nutrition Education and Labeling Act ("NLEA"), established a national framework for the administration and promulgation of uniform food labeling standards. Specifically, the NLEA created affirmative obligations for the food--requiring detailed disclosure of food content and strict adherence to regulations governing the use of health and nutritional claims on food packaging. To accomplish these goals, Congress tasked the Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") with the sole responsibility of the enforcement of these new requirements.

Infections in a Children's Hospital autopsy population.

We reviewed our Children's Hospital autopsies (1986-2009, 3-8 year groups) to determine the contribution of infections/inflammation to death and trends over time. Infections were categorized as (1) underlying cause of death, (2) mechanism of death complicating another underlying cause of death, (3) contributing (4) agonal or (5) incidental. Of 608 autopsies (44% of deaths), 401 had 691 infections (66%, 1.

Photophysical properties and electronic structure of retinylidene-chlorin-chalcones and analogues.

Synthetic chlorins can accommodate diverse substituents about the macrocycle perimeter. Simple auxochromes (e.g.