Four hundred Greek idiomatic expressions: Ratings for subjective frequency, ambiguity, and decomposability.

Idioms differ from other forms of figurative language because of their dimensions of subjective frequency, ambiguity (possibility of having a literal interpretation), and decomposability (possibility of the idiom's words to assist in its figurative interpretation). This study focuses on the Greek language and aims at providing the first corpus of 400 Greek idioms rated for their dimensions by 113 native Greek students, aged 19 to 39 years. The study aimed at (1) rating all idioms for their degree of subjective frequency, ambiguity, and decomposability, and (2) investigating the relationships between these dimensions.

Perceived Disruption of COVID-19 on Medical Education in Incoming Psychiatric Residents.

Background: In 2020, the global COVID-19 pandemic caused educational disruptions to many medical students nationally. Societal and hospital guidelines, including social distancing protocols, resulted in the cancellation or postponement of many elective procedures. A shortage in personal protective equipment also contributed to restrictions in clinical experiences for trainees.

Dying to Quit: Understanding the Burden of Tobacco in Psychiatric Patients-A Clinical Review.

Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death worldwide and remains a critical public health challenge. The burden of disease caused by smoking is disproportionately borne by persons living with mental illness. Public health efforts to address smoking have not historically translated to a significant reduction in smoking prevalence among patients with mental illness.

COVID-19 related disruptions to medical education and perceived clinical capability of new resident physicians: a nationwide study of over 1200 first-year residents.

The COVID-19 pandemic transformed the final year of undergraduate medical education for thousands of medical students across the globe. Out of concern for spreading SARS-CoV-2 and conserving personal protective equipment, many students experienced declines in bedside clinical exposures. The perceived competency of this class within the context of the pandemic is unclear.

Acute mania following COVID-19 in a woman with no past psychiatric history case report.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic that began in late 2019 is caused by infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. Since that time, many neuropsychiatric sequelae including psychosis, neurocognitive disorders, and mood disorders have been observed. The mechanism underlying these effects are currently unknown, however several mechanisms have been proposed.

Lemongrass essential oil and its major constituent citral isomers modulate adipogenic gene expression in 3T3-L1 cells.

Obesity is a predisposing factor to diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and coronary artery disease. Lemongrass essential oil (LEO), from Cymbopogon flexuosus, possesses numerous therapeutic properties including modulation of obesity in vivo. This experiment investigated the effect of LEO and its major components citral (3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal), citral dimethyl acetal (1,1-dimethoxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-diene), and citral diethyl acetal (1,1-diethoxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-diene) in modulation of adipogenesis and genetic expression in adipocytes.

Complex Inferential Processes Are Needed for Implicature Comprehension, but Not for Implicature Production.

Upon hearing "Some of Michelangelo's sculptures are in Rome," adults can easily generate a scalar implicature and infer that the intended meaning of the utterance corresponds to "Some but not all Michelangelo's sculptures are in Rome." Comprehension experiments show that preschoolers struggle with this kind of inference until at least 5 years of age. Surprisingly, the few studies having investigated children's production of scalar expressions like and suggest that production is adult-like already in their third year of life.

SATB2-LEMD2 interaction links nuclear shape plasticity to regulation of cognition-related genes.

SATB2 is a schizophrenia risk gene and is genetically associated with human intelligence. How it affects cognition at molecular level is currently unknown. Here, we show that interactions between SATB2, a chromosomal scaffolding protein, and the inner nuclear membrane protein LEMD2 orchestrate the response of pyramidal neurons to neuronal activation.

Nanosilica-Toughened Epoxy Resins.

Surface-modified silica nanoparticles are available as concentrates in epoxy resins in industrial quantities for nearly 20 years. Meanwhile, they are used in many epoxy resin formulations for various applications like fiber-reinforced composites, adhesives or electronic components; even in space vehicles like satellites. Some of the drawbacks of "classic" epoxy toughening using elastomers as a second phase, like lower modulus or a loss in strength can be compensated by using nanosilica together with such tougheners.

TOR complex 2 (TORC2) signaling and the ESCRT machinery cooperate in the protection of plasma membrane integrity in yeast.

The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) mediate evolutionarily conserved membrane remodeling processes. Here, we used budding yeast () to explore how the ESCRT machinery contributes to plasma membrane (PM) homeostasis. We found that in response to reduced membrane tension and inhibition of TOR complex 2 (TORC2), ESCRT-III/Vps4 assemblies form at the PM and help maintain membrane integrity.

ESCRT-III/Vps4 Controls Heterochromatin-Nuclear Envelope Attachments.

Eukaryotic genomes are organized within the nucleus through interactions with inner nuclear membrane (INM) proteins. How chromatin tethering to the INM is controlled in interphase and how this process contributes to subsequent mitotic nuclear envelope (NE) remodeling remains unclear. We have probed these fundamental questions using the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces japonicus, which breaks and reforms the NE during mitosis.

TORC1 regulates vacuole membrane composition through ubiquitin- and ESCRT-dependent microautophagy.

Cellular adaptation in response to nutrient limitation requires the induction of autophagy and lysosome biogenesis for the efficient recycling of macromolecules. Here, we discovered that starvation and TORC1 inactivation not only lead to the up-regulation of autophagy and vacuole proteins involved in recycling but also result in the down-regulation of many vacuole membrane proteins to supply amino acids as part of a vacuole remodeling process. Down-regulation of vacuole membrane proteins is initiated by ubiquitination, which is accomplished by the coordination of multiple E3 ubiquitin ligases, including Rsp5, the Dsc complex, and a newly characterized E3 ligase, Pib1.

Event-related potentials reveal increased dependency on linguistic context due to cognitive aging.

Whereas executive functions are known to be closely tied to successful language processing in children and younger adults, less is known about how age-related decline in these functions affects language processing in elderly adults. Because the abilities to use linguistic context and resolve potential ambiguities such as between an idiom's figurative and literal meaning depend on executive functions, we investigated this issue by examining elderly adults' processing of idioms in context. We recorded event-related potentials of 25 younger (age 18-28) and 25 elderly adults (age 61-74) while they read literal sentences and sentences containing an idiom (e.

Increased pain and sensory hyperinnervation of the ligamentum flavum in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis.

Nociceptive sensory nerve fibers have never been investigated in the ligamentum flavum (LF) of patients with LSS. The aim was to analyze nociceptive sensory nerve fibers in the ligamentum flavum (LF) of patients with LSS. A prospective study in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) undergoing invasive surgical treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) with flavectomy was performed.

Recruitment dynamics of ESCRT-III and Vps4 to endosomes and implications for reverse membrane budding.

The ESCRT machinery mediates reverse membrane scission. By quantitative fluorescence lattice light-sheet microscopy, we have shown that ESCRT-III subunits polymerize rapidly on yeast endosomes, together with the recruitment of at least two Vps4 hexamers. During their 3-45 s lifetimes, the ESCRT-III assemblies accumulated 75-200 Snf7 and 15-50 Vps24 molecules.

Processing grammatical gender in Dutch: Evidence from eye movements.

Previous research has demonstrated that grammatical gender in Dutch is typically acquired late. Most of this work used production data only, and consequently children's knowledge of Dutch gender may have been underestimated. In this study, therefore, we examined whether 49 4- to 7-year-old Dutch-speaking children (and 19 adult controls) were able to use gender marking in the article preceding the object label during online sentence processing to (a) anticipate the upcoming object label or to (b) facilitate the processing of that label as it is presented.

Management of veno-occlusive disease: the multidisciplinary approach to care.

Although it is considered a relatively rare disorder, veno-occlusive disease (VOD) is one of the main causes of overall, non-relapse mortality associated with haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This article, based on the consensus opinion of haemato-oncology nurses, haemato-oncologists and pharmacists from both adult and paediatric services at the VOD International Multi-Disciplinary Advisory Board at the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) meeting, Istanbul, 2015, aims to explore the multidisciplinary approach to care for the management of VOD, with an emphasis on current challenges in this area. The careful monitoring of HSCT patients allows early detection of the symptoms associated with VOD and timely treatment, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Age Effects in L2 Grammar Processing as Revealed by ERPs and How (Not) to Study Them.

In this study we investigate the effect of age of acquisition (AoA) on grammatical processing in second language learners as measured by event-related brain potentials (ERPs). We compare a traditional analysis involving the calculation of averages across a certain time window of the ERP waveform, analyzed with categorical groups (early vs. late), with a generalized additive modeling analysis, which allows us to take into account the full range of variability in both AoA and time.

Prolonged L2 immersion engenders little change in morphosyntactic processing of bilingual natives.

Bilingual and monolingual language processing differ, presumably because of constant parallel activation of both languages in bilinguals. We attempt to isolate the effects of parallel activation in a group of German first-language (L1) attriters, who have grown up as monolingual natives before emigrating to an L2 environment. We hypothesized that prolonged immersion will lead to changes in the processing of morphosyntactic violations.

Reliability and validity of ten consumer activity trackers.

Background: Activity trackers can potentially stimulate users to increase their physical activity behavior. The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of ten consumer activity trackers for measuring step count in both laboratory and free-living conditions.

Method: Healthy adult volunteers (n = 33) walked twice on a treadmill (4.

The impact of language co-activation on L1 and L2 speech fluency.

Fluent speech depends on the availability of well-established linguistic knowledge and routines for speech planning and articulation. A lack of speech fluency in late second-language (L2) learners may point to a deficiency of these representations, due to incomplete acquisition. Experiments on bilingual language processing have shown, however, that there are strong reasons to believe that multilingual speakers experience co-activation of the languages they speak.

An ERP study on L2 syntax processing: When do learners fail?

Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) can reveal online processing differences between native speakers and second language (L2) learners during language comprehension. Using the P600 as a measure of native-likeness, we investigated processing of grammatical gender agreement in highly proficient immersed Romance L2 learners of Dutch. We demonstrate that these late learners consistently fail to show native-like sensitivity to gender violations.

Exploring the scope of post-intensive care syndrome therapy and care: engagement of non-critical care providers and survivors in a second stakeholders meeting.

Background: Increasing numbers of survivors of critical illness are at risk for physical, cognitive, and/or mental health impairments that may persist for months or years after hospital discharge. The post-intensive care syndrome framework encompassing these multidimensional morbidities was developed at the 2010 Society of Critical Care Medicine conference on improving long-term outcomes after critical illness for survivors and their families.

Objectives: To report on engagement with non-critical care providers and survivors during the 2012 Society of Critical Care Medicine post-intensive care syndrome stakeholder conference.