Hemodynamics and cerebral oxygenation during acute exercise in moderate normobaric hypoxia and with concurrent cognitive task in young healthy males.

The present investigation aimed to study the cardiovascular responses and the cerebral oxygenation (Cox) during exercise in acute hypoxia and with contemporary mental stress. Fifteen physically active, healthy males (age 29.0 ± 5.

Perceptual metrics for odorants: Learning from non-expert similarity feedback using machine learning.

Defining perceptual similarity metrics for odorant comparisons is crucial to understanding the mechanism of olfactory perception. Current methods in olfaction rely on molecular physicochemical features or discrete verbal descriptors (floral, burnt, etc.) to approximate perceptual (dis)similarity between odorants.

Comparing molecular representations, e-nose signals, and other featurization, for learning to smell aroma molecules.

Recent research has attempted to predict our perception of odorants using Machine Learning models. The featurization of the olfactory stimuli usually represents the odorants using molecular structure parameters, molecular fingerprints, mass spectra, or e-nose signals. However, the impact of the choice of featurization on predictive performance remains poorly reported in direct comparative studies.

Asynchronous student-generated flip videos facilitate student learning and assessment in a large-enrollment introductory human physiology course.

Oral demonstration of knowledge is an effective learning and assessment strategy. It has been shown that generating explanations to oneself, or self-explaining, can improve student understanding of information. This can be achieved via student-generated videos.

Improving artificial intelligence with games.

Games continue to drive progress in the development of artifi cial intelligence.

Blood flow restriction training activates the muscle metaboreflex during low-intensity sustained exercise.

Blood flow restriction training (BFRT) employs partial vascular occlusion of exercising muscle and has been shown to increase muscle performance while using reduced workload and training time. Numerous studies have demonstrated that BFRT increases muscle hypertrophy, mitochondrial function, and beneficial vascular adaptations. However, changes in cardiovascular hemodynamics during the exercise protocol remain unknown, as most studies measured blood pressure before the onset and after the cessation of exercise.

Outsourcing Training without Uploading Data via Efficient Collaborative Open-Source Sampling.

As deep learning blooms with growing demand for computation and data resources, outsourcing model training to a powerful cloud server becomes an attractive alternative to training at a low-power and cost-effective end device. Traditional outsourcing requires uploading device data to the cloud server, which can be infeasible in many real-world applications due to the often sensitive nature of the collected data and the limited communication bandwidth. To tackle these challenges, we propose to leverage widely available , which is a massive dataset collected from public and heterogeneous sources (e.

Hypertension depresses arterial baroreflex control of both heart rate and cardiac output during rest, exercise, and metaboreflex activation.

Rapid regulation of arterial blood pressure on a beat-by-beat basis occurs primarily via arterial baroreflex control of cardiac output (CO) via rapid changes in heart rate (HR). Previous studies have shown that changes in HR do not always cause changes in CO, because stroke volume may vary. Whether these relationships are altered in hypertension is unknown.

Acute Exercise with Moderate Hypoxia Reduces Arterial Oxygen Saturation and Cerebral Oxygenation without Affecting Hemodynamics in Physically Active Males.

Hemodynamic changes during exercise in acute hypoxia (AH) have not been completely elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate hemodynamics during an acute bout of mild, dynamic exercise during moderate normobaric AH. Twenty-two physically active, healthy males (average age; range 23-40 years) completed a cardiopulmonary test on a cycle ergometer to determine their maximum workload (W).

Systolic and diastolic function during cycling at the respiratory threshold between elderly and young healthy individuals.

The hemodynamic consequences of aging have been extensively investigated during maximal incremental exercise. However, less is known about the effects of aging on hemodynamics during submaximal steady-state exercise. The aim of the present investigation was to compare the hemodynamics of healthy elderly and young subjects during an exercise bout conducted at the gas threshold (GET) intensity.

Outracing champion Gran Turismo drivers with deep reinforcement learning.

Many potential applications of artificial intelligence involve making real-time decisions in physical systems while interacting with humans. Automobile racing represents an extreme example of these conditions; drivers must execute complex tactical manoeuvres to pass or block opponents while operating their vehicles at their traction limits. Racing simulations, such as the PlayStation game Gran Turismo, faithfully reproduce the non-linear control challenges of real race cars while also encapsulating the complex multi-agent interactions.

SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence among Health Care Workers-A Voluntary Screening Study in a Regional Medical Center in Southern Germany.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is associated with a potentially severe clinical manifestation, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and currently poses a worldwide challenge. Health care workers (HCWs) are at the forefront of any health care system and thus especially at risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection due to their potentially frequent and close contact with patients suffering from COVID-19. Serum samples from 198 HCWs with direct patient contact of a regional medical center and several outpatient facilities were collected during the early phase of the pandemic (April 2020) and tested for SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies.

FlavorGraph: a large-scale food-chemical graph for generating food representations and recommending food pairings.

Food pairing has not yet been fully pioneered, despite our everyday experience with food and the large amount of food data available on the web. The complementary food pairings discovered thus far created by the intuition of talented chefs, not by scientific knowledge or statistical learning. We introduce FlavorGraph which is a large-scale food graph by relations extracted from million food recipes and information of 1,561 flavor molecules from food databases.

Simulation across representation: The interplay of schemas and simulation-based inference on different levels of abstraction.

Language comprehension of action verbs recruits embodied representations in the brain that are assumed to invoke a mental simulation (e.g., "grasping a peanut").

Muscle metaboreflex-induced increases in effective arterial elastance: effect of heart failure.

Dynamic exercise elicits robust increases in sympathetic activity in part due to muscle metaboreflex activation (MMA), a pressor response triggered by activation of skeletal muscle afferents. MMA during dynamic exercise increases arterial pressure by increasing cardiac output via increases in heart rate, ventricular contractility, and central blood volume mobilization. In heart failure, ventricular function is compromised, and MMA elicits peripheral vasoconstriction.

Clinical safety of blood flow-restricted training? A comprehensive review of altered muscle metaboreflex in cardiovascular disease during ischemic exercise.

Blood flow restriction training (BFRT) is an increasingly widespread method of exercise that involves imposed restriction of blood flow to the exercising muscle. Blood flow restriction is achieved by inflating a pneumatic pressure cuff (or a tourniquet) positioned proximal to the exercising muscle before, and during, the bout of exercise (i.e.

Gait assessment system based on novel gait variability measures.

In this paper, a novel gait assessment system based on measures of gait variability reflected through the variability of shapes of gait cycles trajectories is proposed. The presented gait assessment system is based on SVM (support vector machine) classifier and on gait variability-based features calculated from the hip and knee joint angle trajectories recorded using wearable IMUs during walking trials. A system classifier was trained to distinguish healthy gait patterns from the pathological ones.

Usability and acceptability by a younger and older user group regarding a mobile robot-supported gait rehabilitation system.

The aim of the study was to identify differences regarding usability, acceptability, and barriers of usage of a robot-supported gait rehabilitation system between a younger and older group of patients with gait impairments. A mobile robot-supported gait rehabilitation prototype was tested on a group of geriatric patients aged 60 and above, and on a group of young patients aged 59 and below in a clinical setting during five therapy sessions. The involved therapists received 2 days training with the system and could test it profoundly.

[5-Year-Follow-up of the MEmbeR Multicenter Study on Medical-Occupational Rehabilitation].

In Germany, medical-occupational rehabilitation represents an essential link between rehabilitation programs focusing either on medical or occupational rehabilitation. Its main objective is return to work. The current study presents the vocational integration 5 years after medical-occupational rehabilitation and determines possible prognostic factors for long-term occupational integration.

Interaction between the muscle metaboreflex and the arterial baroreflex in control of arterial pressure and skeletal muscle blood flow.

The muscle metaboreflex and arterial baroreflex regulate arterial pressure through distinct mechanisms. During submaximal exercise muscle metaboreflex activation (MMA) elicits a pressor response virtually solely by increasing cardiac output (CO) while baroreceptor unloading increases mean arterial pressure (MAP) primarily through peripheral vasoconstriction. The interaction between the two reflexes when activated simultaneously has not been well established.