Variability in -caprylate and -caproate producing microbiomes in reactors with in-line product extraction.

Medium-chain carboxylates (MCCs) are used in various industrial applications. These chemicals are typically extracted from palm oil, which is deemed not sustainable. Recent research has focused on microbial chain elongation using reactors to produce MCCs, such as -caproate (C6) and -caprylate (C8), from organic substrates such as wastes.

Draft Genome Sequence of a New Isolate Belonging to Species Complex Collected From Hazelnut in Central Italy.

In summer 2019, during a survey on the health status of a hazelnut orchard located in the Tuscia area (the province of Viterbo, Latium, Italy), nuts showing symptoms, such as brown-grayish spots at the bottom of the nuts progressing upward to the apex, and necrotic patches on the bracts and, sometimes, on the petioles, were found and collected for further studies. This syndrome is associated with the nut gray necrosis (NGN), whose main causal agent is . Aiming to increase knowledge about this fungal pathogen, the whole-genome sequencing of a strain isolated from symptomatic hazelnut was performed using long Nanopore reads technology in combination with the higher precision of the Illumina reads, generating a high-quality genome assembly.

An autoinhibitory mechanism controls RNA-binding activity of the nitrate-sensing protein NasR.

The ANTAR domain harnesses RNA-binding activity to promote transcription attenuation. Although several ANTAR proteins have been analyzed by high-resolution structural analyses, the residues involved in RNA-recognition and transcription attenuation have not been identified. Nor is it clear how signal-responsive domains are allosterically coupled with ANTAR domains for control of gene expression.

Fecal indicator bacteria, fecal source tracking markers, and pathogens detected in two Hudson River tributaries.

Volunteer monitoring in the Hudson River watershed since 2012 has identified that the Wallkill River and Rondout Creek tributary complex have elevated concentrations of the fecal indicator bacteria, enterococci. Concentrations of enterococci do not provide insight into the sources of pollution and are imperfect indicators of health risks. In 2017, the regular monthly volunteer monitoring campaign for culturable enterococci at 24 sites on the Wallkill and Rondout expanded to include: (1) culturable measurements of E.

Higher Substrate Ratios of Ethanol to Acetate Steered Chain Elongation toward n-Caprylate in a Bioreactor with Product Extraction.

Syngas fermentation to ethanol and acetate has recently been coupled to microbial chain elongation to produce medium-chain carboxylates, including n-caproate and n-caprylate. These medium-chain carboxylates are relatively hydrophobic, and thus easier to extract from solution than miscible ethanol. Here, we examined the effect of 11 different ethanol-to-acetate substrate ratios (ranging from 1.

Concurrent Detection of Bacterial Pathogens in Hospital Roommates.

Background: Some nurse-driven interventions have successfully reduced rates of healthcare-associated infections, though incidence remains unacceptably high. Bacterial contamination in patient rooms may be a source of exposure for patients and thus a target for future interventions; however, few studies have investigated the role of the patient room on organism acquisition.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of concurrent detection of bacterial pathogens among patients sharing a hospital room.

Redundancy in Anaerobic Digestion Microbiomes during Disturbances by the Antibiotic Monensin.

The antibiotic monensin is fed to dairy cows to increase milk production efficiency. A fraction of this monensin is excreted into the cow manure. Previous studies have found that cow manure containing monensin can negatively impact the performance of anaerobic digesters, especially upon first introduction.

Chain Elongation with Reactor Microbiomes: Open-Culture Biotechnology To Produce Biochemicals.

Chain elongation into medium-chain carboxylates, such as n-caproate and n-caprylate, with ethanol as an electron donor and with open cultures of microbial consortia (i.e., reactor microbiomes) under anaerobic conditions is being developed as a biotechnological production platform.

Comparing the inhibitory thresholds of dairy manure co-digesters after prolonged acclimation periods: Part 2--correlations between microbiomes and environment.

Here, we studied the microbiome succession and time-scale variability of four mesophilic anaerobic reactors in a co-digestion study with the objective to find links between changing environmental conditions and the microbiome composition. The changing environmental conditions were ensured by gradual increases in loading rates and mixing ratios of three co-substrates with a constant manure-feeding scheme during an operating period longer than 900 days. Each co-substrate (i.

Long-Term n-Caproic Acid Production from Yeast-Fermentation Beer in an Anaerobic Bioreactor with Continuous Product Extraction.

Multifunctional reactor microbiomes can elongate short-chain carboxylic acids (SCCAs) to medium-chain carboxylic acids (MCCAs), such as n-caproic acid. However, it is unclear whether this microbiome biotechnology platform is stable enough during long operating periods to consistently produce MCCAs. During a period of 550 days, we improved the operating conditions of an anaerobic bioreactor for the conversion of complex yeast-fermentation beer from the corn kernel-to-ethanol industry into primarily n-caproic acid.

Chain elongation in anaerobic reactor microbiomes to recover resources from waste.

Different microbial pathways can elongate the carbon chains of molecules in open cultures of microbial populations (i.e. reactor microbiomes) under anaerobic conditions.

Development of a highly specific and productive process for n-caproic acid production: applying lessons from methanogenic microbiomes.

High productivity and specificity in anaerobic digesters arise because complex microbiomes organize into a metabolic cascade to maximize energy recovery and to utilize the advantage that the gaseous end product methane freely bubbles out of the system. These lessons were applied to ascertain whether a reactor microbiome could be shaped to produce a different end product. The liquid product n-caproic acid was chosen, which is a 6-carbon-chain carboxylic acid that is valuable and that has a relatively low maximum solubility concentration for product recovery.

Continuously-stirred anaerobic digester to convert organic wastes into biogas: system setup and basic operation.

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a bioprocess that is commonly used to convert complex organic wastes into a useful biogas with methane as the energy carrier. Increasingly, AD is being used in industrial, agricultural, and municipal waste(water) treatment applications. The use of AD technology allows plant operators to reduce waste disposal costs and offset energy utility expenses.

Clinical pharmacokinetic studies with INN 00835 (nemifitide), a novel pentapeptide antidepressant.

Nemifitide (4-fluoro-L-phenylalanyl-trans-4-hydroxy-L-prolyl-L-arginylglycyl-L-tryptophanamide ditrifluoroacetate) is a novel antidepressant, currently in phase 2/3 clinical trials. The purpose of our phase 1 clinical trials (conducted over a three year period) was to provide safety and pharmacokinetic data to support its clinical development as an antidepressant drug. Single and multiple doses ranging from 18 to 320 mg were administered subcutaneously to healthy volunteers in five phase 1 studies.

[Lymph node mapping and axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy in 243 invasive breast cancers with no palpable nodes. The south Lyon hospital center experience].

Study Aim: To evaluate the effect of intraoperative lymph node mapping and sentinel lymph node dissection (SLND) on the axillary staging of patients with N0 breast carcinoma. Two techniques were used: blue dye alone (Evans Blue and Patent Blue) and combined technique (blue dye and isotope).

Methods: The incidence of axillary node metastasis in axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and SLND was compared prospectively.

[Pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy in epithelial ovarian cancer. Report of a series of 86 cases].

Aim Of The Study: The impact of lymphadenectomy in therapeutic strategy of ovarian carcinomas is strongly debated. The aim of this retrospective study was to report a series of 86 patients with ovarian carcinoma who underwent pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy.

Patients And Method: From 1993 to 1998, a retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy was performed in 86 patients (median age: 54 years) during the first laparotomy (n = 52) or later (n = 34) for ovarian carcinoma stade I and II (n = 33), stade III and IV (n = 53).

[Pancreatic cancer. Analysis of 149 cases in our 17-year experience].

The Authors analyse a series of 149 consecutive patients with carcinoma of the pancreas or the periampullary region. Curative surgical treatment was achievable in 55 patients, palliative procedures included surgery in 68 patients; biliary decompression with endoscopic or percutaneous procedure in 25 patients and chemotherapy in one patient with lymphoma. Perioperative complications consisted in gastroplegia (33%), pancreatic fistula (22%), biliary fistula (7.

[Lacking effect of timing of surgery in relation to the menstrual cycle on prognosis of breast cancer in premenopausal women].

The influence of timing of surgery in relation to menstrual period on survival of breast cancer patients has been both advanced advocated and disputed. A meta-analysis on published series showed a statistically significant overall odds reduction when surgery is performed in the luteal phase. The records of 165 premenopausal M- breast cancer women, not on hormonal therapies, consecutively operated on from 1977 to 1991 were reviewed.

Timing of surgery related to menstrual cycle and prognosis of premenopausal women with breast cancer.

The influence of the timing of surgery in relation to the menstrual cycle on the survival of breast cancer patients has been both advocated and disputed. The records of 165 premenopausal M- breast cancer women consecutively operated from 1977 to 1991 were reviewed. All patients underwent modified radical mastectomies or quadrantectomies plus postoperative radiotherapy.

Conventional isolated hyperthermic antiblastic perfusion in the treatment of recurrent limb melanoma.

Hyperthermic Antiblastic Perfusion (HAP) is a widely used method for the treatment of recurrent limb melanoma. In terms of tumor response, locoregional control and survival HAP has led to better results than those achieved with any other treatment. The aim of this report is to analyze our own experience with HAP in locally advanced limb melanoma.

[Isolated hyperthermic antiblastic perfusion in recurrent melanoma of the extremities].

Twenty-two patients with recurrent melanoma of the limbs, underwent Hyperthermic Antiblastic Perfusion (HAP). HAP lasted 60 min, with maximal local temperature of 40.5-42 degrees C and melphalan 10 mg/L limb volume as antiblastic agent.