MicroRNA-130b Is a Unique Autophagy-Related Epigenetic Predictor of FLOT-Chemotherapy in Gastric Cancers.

Introduction: Liquid biopsies have great potential for precision medicine as they provide information about primary and metastatic tumors using minimally invasive techniques. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are promising biomarkers for detecting gastric cancer (GC). The aim of the study was to identify miR molecules associated with autophagy in gastric cancer (GC) cells, determine their expression levels in GC and FLOT-treated patients, and assess the efficacy of FLOT therapy in GC patients.

New Perspectives in Colorectal Cancers Treatment, the Role of MicroRNAs.

The main epidemiological and clinical data on colorectal cancer, as well as the features of molecular pathology, are discussed in the literature review. Efforts are being putto identify promising targets, particularly small non-coding nucleotide sequences, which can lead to new treatments for this disease. The discovery of significant mutations that contribute to the development of colorectal tumors is a major step in the advancement of molecular oncology, as these mutations give rise to heterogeneous tumors that differ in their origin.

Targeted Sequencing in Gastric Cancer: Association with Tumor Molecular Characteristics and FLOT Therapy Effectiveness.

Heterogeneity of gastric cancer (GC) is the main trigger of the disease's relapse. The aim of this study was to investigate the connections between targeted genes, cancer clinical features, and the effectiveness of FLOT chemotherapy. Twenty-one patients with gastric cancers (GCs) were included in this study.

Neuroinflammation in Obese Children.

Obesity is associated with chronic persistent inflammation due to a pool of tissue macrophages that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and cause neuroinflammation. The analysis of the association of CD14CD163 monocytes in the peripheral blood with cognitive functions in 56 obese children (mean age 11.95 (9.

Crucial Role of microRNAs as New Targets for Amelogenesis Disorders Detection.

Introduction: Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) refers to a heterogeneous group of conditions with multiple factors which contribute to the hypomineralisation of enamel. Preventive measures are necessary to predict this pathology. Prospects for preventive medicine are closely related to the search for new informative methods for diagnosing a human disease.

Safety and Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Chemoimmunotherapy in Gastric Cancer Patients with a PD-L1 Positive Status: A Case Report.

Introduction: The landscape of gastric cancer treatment has changed owing to the widespread use of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Autophagy, involved in regulating the immune system, is a potential trigger of immunity in tumors. This study aims to find molecular-based evidence for the effectiveness of FLOT chemotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors in gastric cancer patients.

Alpha-2 macroglobulin activity in SARS-CoV-2 induced infection and in the post-COVID-19 period.

The universal proteinase inhibitor α2-macroglobulin (α₂-MG) exhibiting antiviral and immunomodulatory activities, is considered as an important participant in the infectious process. The activity of α₂-MG in the new coronavirus infection and post-covid syndrome (long COVID) has not been studied yet. We examined 85 patients diagnosed with community-acquired bilateral polysegmental pneumonia developed under conditions of a new coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2.

Diabetes noninvasive diagnostics and monitoring through volatile biomarkers analysis in the exhaled breath using optical absorption spectroscopy.

The review is aimed on the analysis the abilities of noninvasive diagnostics and monitoring of diabetes mellitus (DM) and DM-associated complications through volatile molecular biomarkers detection in the exhaled breath. The specific biochemical reactions in the body of DM patients and their associations with volatile molecular biomarkers in the breath are considered. The applications of optical spectroscopy methods, including UV, IR, and terahertz spectroscopy for DM-associated volatile molecular biomarkers measurements, are described.

Autophagy-Related MicroRNA: Tumor miR-125b and Thyroid Cancers.

Background: Autophagy is a stress response mechanism that causes cellular components to degrade. Its defects were associated with multiple pathologies, including cancers. Thyroid cancer is known to be the most prevalent form of malignant neoplasm among endocrine tumors.

Markers for the Prediction of Probably Sarcopenia in Middle-Aged Individuals.

Sarcopenia is a condition that is characterized by a progressive loss of muscle mass, strength, and function, resulting in reduced quality of life. The aim of the study was to analyze the significance of pro-inflammatory markers in the prognostic diagnosis of sarcopenia. The participants were divided into two groups: the main group of 146 people and the control-75 people.

[Body composition in sarcopenia in middle-aged individuals].

Unlabelled: Sarcopenia is characterized by a progressive loss of muscle mass, strength, and function, leading to poor outcomes and reduced quality of life. In middle age, the decrease in muscle mass begins to be progressive. Bioimpedancemetry allows diagnosing this condition before the onset of clinical symptoms.

Proteolysis and Deficiency of α1-Proteinase Inhibitor in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic had stimulated the emergence of numerous publications on the α-proteinase inhibitor (α-PI, α-antitrypsin), especially when it was found that the regions of high mortality corresponded to the regions with deficient α-PI alleles. By analogy with the data obtained in the last century, when the first cause of the genetic deficiency of α-antitrypsin leading to elastase activation in pulmonary emphysema was proven, it can be supposed that proteolysis hyperactivation in COVID-19 may be associated with the impaired functions of α-PI. The purpose of this review was to systematize the scientific data and critical directions for translational studies on the role of α-PI in SARS-CoV-2-induced proteolysis hyperactivation as a diagnostic marker and a therapeutic target.

Sars-Cov2 Induced Biochemical Mechanisms in Liver Damage and Intestinal Lesions.

Unlabelled: Multiple pathogenic mechanisms are found in SARS-CoV2 systemic inflammation. Oxidative stress, altered proteolysis, hypercoagulation, and metabolic disorders are significant in virus-induced lesions. The study aimed to investigate the biochemical mechanism of virus-induced disorders and determine the biochemical features in SARS-CoV2-associated liver damage and intestine lesions.

SARS-CoV2 Infection and Comorbidities, Role in Oncogenesis.

The widespread infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) significantly impacts major human diseases. It is undoubtedly evident that cancer patients are more susceptible to the infection and at a higher risk of severe COVID-19 than the general population. Moreover, the rise in cancers incidence is waiting in the Globe as a long-term effect of post-COVID-19 complications.

LC3B, mTOR, AMPK Are Molecular Targets for Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Gastric Cancers.

Autophagy plays a dual role in oncogenesis processes. On one hand, autophagy enhances the cell resistance to oncogenic factors, and on the other hand, it participates in the tumor progression. The aim of the study was to find the associations between the effectiveness of the FLOT regimen in resectable gastric cancers (GCs) with the key autophagy-related proteins.

[Proteolysis and deficiency of α1-proteinase inhibitor in SARS-CoV-2 infection].

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemia had stimulated the numerous publications emergence on the α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI, α1-antitrypsin), primarily when it was found that high mortality in some regions corresponded to the regions with deficient α1-PI alleles. By analogy with the last century's data, when the root cause of the α1-antitrypsin, genetic deficiency leading to the elastase activation in pulmonary emphysema, was proven. It is evident that proteolysis hyperactivation in COVID-19 may be associated with α1-PI impaired functions.

[Production and internalization of extracellular vesicules in normal and under conditions of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance].

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are spherical structures of cell membrane origin, ranging in the size from 40 nm to 5000 nm. They are involved in the horizontal transfer of many proteins and microRNAs. The mechanisms EV internalization include clathrin-dependent endocytosis, caveolin-dependent endocytosis, raft-mediated endocytosis, and macropinocytosis.

Expression and Content of Protein LC3B in Gastric Cancer Tissue, Relationship with Expression of mTOR, AMPK in Gastric Cancer Tissue and HER2 and PD-L1 Status of the Tumor.

Analysis of HER2 status of the tumor and expression of mTOR, AMPK showed a decrease in mTOR mRNA level in HER2 tumors in comparison with HER- status. The appearance of PD-L1 transformed cells in the tumor was associated with increased expression of the LC3B gene and elevated content of the corresponding protein measured after treatment.

PD-L1 Status in Gastric Cancers, Association with the Transcriptional, Growth Factors, AKT/mTOR Components Change, and Autophagy Initiation.

Introduction: The programmed death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay is a widely used selection method for pembrolizumab treatment in gastric cancer (GC) patients. PD-L1 is the main regulator of immunity in oncogenesis.

Material And Methods: The study included 38 patients with GC.

Regulation of Immunity in Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma: Role of PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2.

Unlabelled: Regulation of immunity is a unique oncogenic mechanism that differs in different cancers. VHL deficient clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC) trigger the immune response resulting in cancer progression. This study aimed to investigate PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2 expression in ccRCC primary cancers and metastatic tissues associated with the p-VHL content, transcriptional, and growth factors expression.

The Association of the BRAF-V600E Mutation with the Expression of the Molecular Markers in the Primary Tumor and Metastatic Tissue in Papillary Thyroid Cancer.

Objective: The aim of this study was investigation the AKT / mTOR signaling pathway components, transcriptional and growth factors, as well as steroid hormone receptors and nuclear factors Brn-3α and TRIM16 expression in the tissue of the primary thyroid tumor and metastases, depending on the BRAF- V600E status.

Material And Methods: The study was enrolled 20 patients with PTCs, who underwent surgical treatment. They were divided into negative BRAF-V600E status (12 people), positive BRAF-V600E status (8 patients).

Relationship of intracellular proteolysis with CAP1 and cofilin1 in non-small-cell lung cancer.

The main cause of death in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is tumor progression, in which metastasis and invasion play an important role. The metastatic cascade is marked by a change in morphological, biological, biochemical and functional characteristics, including the acquisition of cellular mobility. The migration activity of tumor cells determines the work of actin-binding proteins that cause their functional partners CAP1 and cofilin.

AKT/mTOR Signal Cascade and Expression of PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2 in Gastric Cancer.

The peculiarities of gastric cancer development associated with the expression levels of components of the AKT/mTOR signaling cascade and PD, PD-L1, PD-L2 have not yet been identified. We revealed the fundamental changes in the expression AKT/mTOR and PD receptors and their ligands associated with dissemination of gastric cancer. An increase in the mRNA level of all components of this cascade was demonstrated.