Molecular patterns in salivary duct carcinoma identify prognostic subgroups.

Salivary duct carcinoma (SDCa) is a rare cancer with high rate of metastases and poor survival despite aggressive multimodality treatment. This study analyzes the genetic changes in SDCa, their impact on cancer pathways, and evaluates whether molecular patterns can identify subgroups with distinct clinical characteristics and outcome. Clinicopathologic details and tissue samples from 66 patients (48 males, 18 females) treated between 1995 and 2018 were obtained from multiple institutions.

European and Asian contribution to the genetic diversity of mainland South American chickens.

Chickens () from the Americas have long been recognized as descendants of European chickens, transported by early Europeans since the fifteenth century. However, in recent years, a possible pre-Columbian introduction of chickens to South America by Polynesian seafarers has also been suggested. Here, we characterize the mitochondrial control region genetic diversity of modern chicken populations from South America and compare this to a worldwide dataset in order to investigate the potential maternal genetic origin of modern-day chicken populations in South America.

Somatic mutations in salivary duct carcinoma and potential therapeutic targets.

Background: Salivary duct carcinomas (SDCa) are rare highly aggressive malignancies. Most patients die from distant metastatic disease within three years of diagnosis. There are limited therapeutic options for disseminated disease.

Analysis of clinically relevant somatic mutations in high-risk head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is the second most prevalent malignancy, most frequently occurring in the head and neck (head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma). Treatment of locally advanced or metastatic disease is associated with functional morbidity and disfigurement. Underlying genetic mechanisms are poorly understood.

East African origins for Madagascan chickens as indicated by mitochondrial DNA.

The colonization of Madagascar by Austronesian-speaking people during AD 50-500 represents the most westerly point of the greatest diaspora in prehistory. A range of economically important plants and animals may have accompanied the Austronesians. Domestic chickens () are found in Madagascar, but it is unclear how they arrived there.

Australian and Pacific contributions to the genetic diversity of Norfolk Island feral chickens.

Background: Norfolk Island has a population of feral chickens which could be the result of domestic stock introduced onto the island by British settlers in 1788. However, there is ongoing debate about their origins because multiple human arrivals to the island may have brought chickens with them. Here we investigate the genetic origins of these feral chickens by sequencing their mitochondrial control region.

Genetic divergence among marine and lagoon Atherina boyeri populations in Greece using mtDNA analysis.

Genetic differentiation and phylogenetic relationships among 15 Atherina boyeri populations from several marine and lagoon or lake sites in Greece were investigated using mtDNA analysis. PCR-RFLP analysis of 12s, 16s rRNA genes and D-loop revealed 23 haplotypes. All the lake or lagoon populations, as well as the Kymi and Kalymnos populations that originated from sites with lagoonlike environmental conditions, showed haplotypes 1-6, clearly distinguishable from the marine populations, which exhibited types 7-23.