Enzyme-induced degradation of natural and artificial linear polyanions.

Synthetic and natural polymers are widely used for constructing drug delivery systems. Biocompatibility, water solubility and non-toxicity make polymers a convenient matrix for encapsulation, delivery and release of bioactive compounds. Coupling of a drug with a biodegraded polymer matrix is a promising way for a controlled drug delivery.

Problems of human spermatozoa cryopreservation: research methods, solutions.

Cryopreservation of male gametes is one of the most important methods of assisted reproductive technologies, which allows preserving gametes for research or further use. However, the fertilizing ability of spermatozoa after cryopreservation decreases by 30-70%, which makes it urgent to search for new substances with cryoprotective properties. The review considers the main causes of cell damage during cryopreservation.

Verubulin (Azixa) Analogues with Increased Saturation: Synthesis, SAR and Encapsulation in Biocompatible Nanocontainers Based on Ca or Mg Cross-Linked Alginate.

Tubulin-targeting agents attract undiminished attention as promising compounds for the design of anti-cancer drugs. Verubulin is a potent tubulin polymerization inhibitor, binding to colchicine-binding sites. In the present work, a series of verubulin analogues containing a cyclohexane or cycloheptane ring 1,2-annulated with pyrimidine moiety and various substituents in positions 2 and 4 of pyrimidine were obtained and their cytotoxicity towards cancer and non-cancerous cell lines was estimated.

[Forensic expert evaluation of adverse outcomes of health care delivery in criminal proceedings].

Is to analyze the historical development and current state of the Institute of Commission Forensic Medical Examination of adverse outcomes of health care delivery in the domestic criminal proceedings. The article describes the main historical periods of development, summarizes the main problems and identifies the place of commission forensic medical examination for medical cases in current system of forensic medical activity.

Magnetically Controlled Hyaluronic Acid-Maghemite Nanocomposites with Embedded Doxorubicin.

The controllable delivery of drugs is a key task of pharmacology. For this purpose, a series of polymer composites was synthesized via the cross-linking of hyaluronate and a hyaluronate/polyacrylate mixture with FeO nanoparticles. The cross-linking imparts magnetic properties to the composites, which are more pronounced for the ternary hyaluronate/polyacrylate/γ-FeO composites compared with the binary hyaluronate/FeO composites.

One-Step Low Temperature Synthesis of CeO Nanoparticles Stabilized by Carboxymethylcellulose.

An elegant method of one-pot reaction at room temperature for the synthesis of nanocomposites consisting of cerium containing nanoparticles stabilized by carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) macromolecules was introduced. The characterization of the nanocomposites was carried out with a combination of microscopy, XRD, and IR spectroscopy analysis. The type of crystal structure of inorganic nanoparticles corresponding to CeO was determined and the mechanism of nanoparticle formation was suggested.

Synthesis of Magneto-Controllable Polymer Nanocarrier Based on Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic Acid) for Doxorubicin Immobilization.

In this work, the preparation procedure and properties of anionic magnetic microgels loaded with antitumor drug doxorubicin are described. The functional microgels were produced via the in situ formation of iron nanoparticles in an aqueous dispersion of polymer microgels based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (PNIPAM-PAA). The composition and morphology of the resulting composite microgels were studied by means of X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic-force microscopy, laser microelectrophoresis, and static and dynamic light scattering.

[Logical methods for determination of causality in «medical cases»].

The objective of this study is to determine the place of formal logic methods for determination of causality in 'medical cases'. The study was carried out using the dialectical method, as well as analysis, generalization, induction, deduction, comparison, and the statistical method. Using the principle of causality, the authors stipulate that causality is not only a tool of categorical comprehension of the world, but also a form of thinking activity that allows us to directly discover cause-and-effect patterns.

Effect of Cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8) on Blood Pressure and Blood Content of Calcitonin-Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) in Rats with Hypertension Caused by Fructose or Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthesis.

We studied the effect of CCK-8 on BP and blood content of CGRP in rats with hypertension caused by fructose or inhibition of NO synthase with L-NAME. The decrease in the CGRP content was found during the development of fructose-induced hypertension, but not L-NAME-caused hypertension. Administration of CCK-8 to fructose-fed animals reduced BP and increased the content of CGRP.

[Questions to experts when appointing a commission of forensic medical examinations based on adverse outcomes of medical care].

Presented the reviews of the recommendations to the forensic community on raising questions when prescribing forensic medical examinations in case of adverse outcomes of medical care is given. Were analyzed 50 decisions of investigators of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation on the conduct of forensic medical examinations in the regional bureaus of forensic medical examination, as well as non-state experts.

A New Species of the Aberrant Majid Crab Genus Balss, 1935 (Crustacea: Brachyura, Majidae, Planoterginae) from the Southern Red Sea.

A new species of the aberrant monotypic genus Balss, 1935 (Brachyura: Majidae: Planoterginae) is described from the southern part of the Red Sea, based on a single female recently found in the collection of the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University. The new species is clearly distinguished from Balss, 1935 in the form of carapace, antennal article and third maxilliped, as well as morphology of the ambulatory legs. The record extends the known range of , previously known only from the eastern Indian Ocean and Western Pacific, by more than 7000 km.

Combining data from different sampling methods to study the development of an alien crab invasion in the remote and pristine Arctic Kara Sea.

Data obtained using three different types of sampling gear is compared and combined to assess the size composition and density of a non-indigenous snow crab population in the previously free of alien species Kara Sea benthos. The Sigsbee trawl has small mesh and catches even recently settled crabs. The large bottom trawl is able to catch large crabs, but does not retain younger crabs, due to its large mesh.

Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation of Nerves on Blood Pressure and Blood Content of Neuropeptide CGRP and Nitric Oxide in Hypertensive Rats with Metabolic Disturbances.

The development of arterial hypertension in male Wistar rats with fructose-induced metabolic syndrome (12.5% of fructose solution as the only drinking source for 10 weeks) along with impaired glucose tolerance and increased serum concentration of triglycerides and LPO products caused a decrease in the content of serum blood calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Low-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (1 mA, 2 Hz, 10 min daily for 2 weeks) performed in 8 weeks after the beginning of fructose treatment reduced systolic BP and serum concentration of triglycerides and LPO produces and improved glucose tolerance.

The Role of Motor Activity in Insight Problem Solving (the Case of the Nine-Dot Problem).

Attempts to estimate the contribution made by motor activity to insight problem solving is hindered by a lack of detailed description of motor behavior. The goal of this study was to develop and put to the test a novel method for studying the dynamics of insight problem solving based on a quantitative analysis of ongoing motor activity. As a proper problem model, we chose the nine-dot problem (Maier, 1930), in which solvers had to draw a sequence of connected line segments.

Soft Bottom Communities in Marine Lakes Sisjajarvi and Linjalampi (Barents Sea).

Based on the data of benthic surveys of 2010-2012, three benthic communities: a shallow-water community with the dominance of Scoloplos spp., Nucula tennuis, and Scalibregma inflatum; a deep-water community with the dominance of Chaetosone sp.; and a community of mixed sediments, have been distinguished in soft sediments in marine lakes Sisjajarvi and Linjalampi.

The one-step synthesis of polymer-based magnetic γ-FeO/carboxymethyl cellulose nanocomposites.

A novel one-step procedure is described for synthesizing water soluble biocompatible nanocomposites from maghemite nanoparticles and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The procedure allows the magneto-sensitive nanocomposites with a controlled content of the inorganic phase. The maghemite formation has been proved by X-ray diffraction analysis and Mossbauer spectroscopy.

Early-stage atherosclerosis in poloxamer 407-induced hyperlipidemic mice: pathological features and changes in the lipid composition of serum lipoprotein fractions and subfractions.

Background: The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of poloxamer 407 administration on atherogenic serum lipoprotein fractions and subfractions associated with cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids, as well as the onset of early atherosclerosis, in mice.

Methods: Mice were administered either sterile saline or poloxamer 407 (to induce a dose-controlled hyperlipidemia) for 1 month and then sacrificed at 1, 4 and 10 days after the last dose of poloxamer 407. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, the activity of a cysteine protease (cathepsin B) in cardiac and liver tissue, and histological/morphological examination of heart and liver specimens was performed for each group of mice at each time point.

[ROLE OF CAPSAICIN-SENSITIVE NERVES IN THE REGULATION OF DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE BLOOD CONTENT UNDER NORMAL AND FRUCTOSE-INDUCED METABOLIC SYNDROME].

The effects of the stimulation of capsaicin-sensitive nerves (capsaicin, 1 mg/kg, s/c) and their eafferentation (capsaicin, 150 mg/kg, s/c) on the blood content of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) was investigated in normal rats and rats with fructose-induced metabolic syndrome (12.5% fructose solution, 10 weeks). An increase in blood of tryglyceride, lipid peroxidation, glucose (fasting and after loading glucose, 2 mg/kg, i/p) was considered as symptoms of metabolic syndrome.

Inhibitory Effect of Polyethylene Oxide and Polypropylene Oxide Triblock Copolymers on Aggregation and Fusion of Atherogenic Low Density Lipoproteins.

Triblock copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(propylene oxide) (so-called pluronics) were shown to influence the aggregation and fusion of atherogenic low density lipoproteins (atLDL) and be able to inhibit these processes. The character of the influence and the degree of the stabilizing effect depended on the structure, relative hydrophobicity, and concentration of the copolymer. Pluronics L61, P85, and L64 characterized by the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value from 3 to 16 had the greatest ability to suppress the aggregation of atLDL.

[The specific morphological and biochemical features of inhalation poisoning with ammonia].

This experimental study using the laboratory animals (rats and rabbits) has demonstrated the morphological and biochemical changes associated with inhalation poisoning with ammonia. Certain regular features of this form of intoxication were revealed. Specifically, the determination of the major biochemical characteristics of blood makes it possible to evaluate the performance of the hepatobiliary and cardiovascular systems.

[Prophylactic use of anti-influenza and anti-pneumococcal vaccines in industrial workers].

Efficiency of vaccination against respiratory tract infections was proved by long worldwide experience. The article covers analysis of vaccination results in 26,852 workers of major industrial enterprises of RUSAL company in 12 cities of Russia, using anti-influenza vaccine Vaxigrip, and combined vaccination in 466 workers with anti-influenza vaccine Vaxigrip and anti-pneumococcal vaccine Pneumo 23. Reference group of non-vaccinated workers randomly included 7,520 workers of the same enterprises and comparable in age and length of service.

[Comparative analysis of occupational health services practice of international companies of oil and gas industry and ILO Convention "Occupational Health Services"].

A comparative analysis of current work practices of occupational health services of international companies of Russian oil & gas industry and provisions of ILO Convention 161 and Recommendation 171 "Occupational Health Services" has been carried out. Proposals for improvement and harmonization of labor legislation related to this problem have been formulated.

[The effect of destruction of rat capsaicin-sensitive nerves on blood pressure in rats with metabolic syndrome].

The effect of destruction of capsaicin-sensitive nerve (capsaicin 150 mg/kg, s/c) on blood pre- ssure was investigated in rats with metabolic syndrome induced by fructose (12.5% in drinking water for 10 weeks). The blood plasma concentrations of glucose, triglyceride (TG) and products of lipid perioxidation were defined in these rats.