Acute oxygen sensing by arterial chemoreceptors with a mutant mitochondrial complex I ND6 subunit lacking reverse electron transport.

Carotid body glomus cells are essential for stimulating breathing in response to hypoxia. They contain specialized mitochondria in which hypoxia induces the accumulation of NADH and HO that modulate membrane ion channel activity. We investigated whether hypoxia induces reverse electron transport (RET) at mitochondrial complex I (MCI).

Supporting a rapid primary care response to emergent communicable disease threats with PACK (Practical Approach to Care Kit) in Florianópolis, Brazil.

Emerging infectious diseases present a significant challenge to healthcare systems with their need for a rapid response and reallocation of resources. This paper explores the implementation of the Practical Approach to Care Kit (PACK) programme in Florianópolis, Brazil as a strategic tool for reinforcing primary healthcare (PHC) responses to emergent communicable diseases. With its focus on enhancing PHC delivery in resource-limited settings, PACK provides a flexible, evidence-based framework that integrates into local health systems.

Established Adult Tracheostomy Tube Exchange: How Often is Enough?

Currently, there is no clinical consensus on how often adults with long-term tracheostomies should have their tubes exchanged. For high-functioning patients who are able to provide diligent tracheostomy care tubes can be exchanged every 6 months. Patients who have a difficult time with tracheostomy care should have them exchanged every 1-3 months.

Suturing with or without surgical glue is superior to surgical glue alone for sealing ex vivo swine gallbladders.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of various sealing techniques in cholecystotomies under maximum intraluminal pressure stress using an ex vivo swine model.

Sample: 30 gallbladders from different animals were used.

Methods: The experiment was conducted ex vivo, with the formation of 3 groups, each comprising 10 samples.

Net effects explains the benefits to children from maternal fish consumption despite methylmercury in fish.

In 2001 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued precautionary advice to pregnant women to limit fish consumption over concern that the methylmercury content might harm their children's neurodevelopment.

Histoplasmosis of the External Auditory Canal.

This report describes the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with a rare fungal infection of the external ear, as well as a review of the literature. A 76-year-old Caucasian gentleman from rural southern United States with diabetes and hypertension was referred to our clinic for intractable left otalgia, otorrhea, headaches, and an exophytic lesion in the left external ear since five months. There was no pertinent travel history.

Assessment of Facial Injury by "Slock" in Incarcerated Patients.

A "slock" is a padlock in a sock used as a weapon in correctional facilities to induce trauma. This assessment examined the prevalence, pattern, and degree of slock- and padlock-induced facial fractures. This quality assessment initiative was performed through retrospective analysis of 435 incarcerated patients treated surgically for facial fractures at an academic medical center from 2011 to 2019.

Peripheral chemoreflex activation induces expiratory but not inspiratory excitation of C1 pre-sympathetic neurones of rats.

Aims: Stimulation of peripheral chemoreceptors, as during hypoxia, increases breathing and respiratory-related sympathetic bursting. Activation of catecholaminergic C1 neurones induces sympathoexcitation, while its ablation reduces the chemoreflex sympathoexcitatory response. However, no study has determined the respiratory phase(s) in which the pre-sympathetic C1 neurones are recruited by peripheral chemoreceptor and whether C1 neurone activation affects all phases of respiratory modulation of sympathetic activity.

Influence of incubation temperature and embryonic motility on the growth of members of Caiman yacare (Daudin, 1802).

This study aimed to evaluate whether skeletal development of the Pantanal Caiman (Caiman yacare) is similarly influenced by temperature variation and controlled increases in embryo motility. All eggs were incubated at 90% humidity and 29 °C for the first 45 days. Thereafter, the incubation temperature was either maintained at 29 °C and embryos were treated with 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) on days 46, 47, 48, and 49 (Group I, 29 °C 4-AP, n = 15); maintained at 29 °C (n = 14; Group II); or at 33 °C (n = 14, Group III).

Rapalogs induce non-apoptotic, autophagy-dependent cell death in HPV-negative TP53 mutant head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Patients with HPV-negative TP53 mutant HNSCC have the worst prognosis, necessitating additional agents for treatment. Since mutant p53 causes sustained activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, we investigated the effect of rapalogs RAD001 and CCI-779 on HPV-negative mutTP53 HNSCC cell lines and xenografts.

Lactate does not activate the carotid body of Wistar rat.

The carotid body's glomus cells are the primary sensors of hypoxia in mammals. Previous studies suggested that the glomus cells' hypoxia sensitivity is mediated by lactate in mice. This molecule increases the intracellular [Ca] and induces exocytosis in glomus cells, activating the carotid sinus nerve (the axons of chemoreceptive petrosal neurons).

Pilot Study: Pneumatic Compression Garment Therapy for Postradiotherapy Laryngopharyngeal Edema.

Objectives: Pneumatic compression garment therapy (PCGT) has been established as treatment for postradiotherapy lymphedema, and its use in head and neck patients is becoming more common. Although effects on interstitial edema of the cervical soft tissues have been studied, effects on internal laryngopharyngeal edema, as well as associated symptoms of dysphagia and dysphonia, have yet to be published.

Methods: We surveyed 7 patients treated with radiation for head and neck cancer (HNC) who had also been prescribed PCGT for cervical lymphedema.

The role of carotid bodies in the generation of active inspiratory and expiratory responses to exercise in rats.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? What is the carotid bodies' contribution to active inspiratory and expiratory response to exercise? What is the main finding and its importance? Removal of the carotid bodies reduced the active inspiratory and expiratory responses of diaphragm and abdominal internal oblique muscles, respectively, to high-intensity, but not to low-intensity, exercise in rats. Removal of the carotid bodies increased and decreased arterial pH in response to high-intensity exercise. The carotid bodies contribute to the inspiratory and expiratory adjustments to high-intensity exercise in rats.

Duplication of the pituitary gland and basilar artery, with multiple midline fusion defects and craniofacial anomalies.

Duplication of the pituitary gland (DPG) is a phenomenon with no clear syndromic association. This case adds to the literature as a DPG-plus syndrome patient with multiple fusion defects of unknown etiology, fetal risk factors of first trimester tobacco usage and intrauterine drug exposure. An 8-month old female presented with noisy breathing, poor feeding, cleft palate, seizures and failure to thrive.

Relationships between seafood consumption during pregnancy and childhood and neurocognitive development: Two systematic reviews.

Abundant data are now available to evaluate relationships between seafood consumption in pregnancy and childhood and neurocognitive development. We conducted two systematic reviews utilizing methodologies detailed by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans Scientific Advisory Committee 2020-2025. After reviewing 44 publications on 106,237 mother-offspring pairs and 25,960 children, our technical expert committee developed two conclusion statements that included the following: "Moderate and consistent evidence indicates that consumption of a wide range of amounts and types of commercially available seafood during pregnancy is associated with improved neurocognitive development of offspring as compared to eating no seafood.

An abundance of seafood consumption studies presents new opportunities to evaluate effects on neurocognitive development.

The relationship between seafood eaten during pregnancy and neurocognition in offspring has been the subject of considerable scientific study for over 25 years. Evaluation of this question led two scientific advisory committees to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAC), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations with the World Health Organization (FAO/WHO), Health Canada, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), and the U.S.

The Practical Approach to Care Kit (PACK) guide: developing a clinical decision support tool to simplify, standardise and strengthen primary healthcare delivery.

For the primary health worker in a low/middle-income country (LMIC) setting, delivering quality primary care is challenging. This is often complicated by clinical guidance that is out of date, inconsistent and informed by evidence from high-income countries that ignores LMIC resource constraints and burden of disease. The Knowledge Translation Unit (KTU) of the University of Cape Town Lung Institute has developed, implemented and evaluated a health systems intervention in South Africa, and localised it to Botswana, Nigeria, Ethiopia and Brazil, that simplifies and standardises the care delivered by primary health workers while strengthening the system in which they work.

Locus Coeruleus as a vigilance centre for active inspiration and expiration in rats.

At rest, inspiration is an active process while expiration is passive. However, high chemical drive (hypercapnia or hypoxia) activates central and peripheral chemoreceptors triggering reflex increases in inspiration and active expiration. The Locus Coeruleus contains noradrenergic neurons (A6 neurons) that increase their firing frequency when exposed to hypercapnia and hypoxia.

Purinergic plasticity within petrosal neurons in hypertension.

The carotid bodies are peripheral chemoreceptors and contribute to the homeostatic maintenance of arterial levels of O, CO, and [H]. They have attracted much clinical interest recently because of the realization that aberrant signaling in these organs is associated with several pathologies including hypertension. Herein, we describe data suggesting that sympathetic overactivity in neurogenic hypertension is, at least in part, dependent on carotid body tonicity and hyperreflexia that is related to changes in the electrophysiological properties of chemoreceptive petrosal neurons.

Evaluation of intraluminal pressure in cystorrhaphies with and without intestinal serosal patch supplementation from canine cadavers.

Purpose: To evaluate the maximal intraluminal pressure (MIP) supported by canine cadaveric urinary bladders that underwent cystotomy followed by cystorraphy, with and without serosal patching-supplementation.

Methods: Two groups (n=8 each) were formed, and in one (conventional) the cystotomy was closed with cushing pattern. In the other group (serosal), the same procedure was performed, and a piece of jejunum was used for the construction of the serosal patching over the cystorraphy.

[X-ray densitometric measurement of myocardial perfusion reserve in symptomatic patients without angiographically detectable coronary stenoses].

Background: Patients with typical angina pectoris but without coronary artery disease (CAD) are distinct in clinical aspects. In only few patients no abnormality is detected. Most present at least one or more cardiovascular risk factors and/or signs of myocardial ischemia.

Postural strategies in normal subjects and in patients with instability due to central nervous system diseases after sudden changes in the visual flow.

Conclusion: The results suggest that after a sudden change in the visual input, postural adaptation is impaired in patients with instability and central nervous system disorders (CNSD).

Objective: The aim of this study was the assessment of postural adaptation, as a transient phenomenon, when sudden changes in visual perception occur in normal subjects and in patients with instability due to different CNSD.

Subjects And Methods: Horizontal optokinetic stimulation (40 s and suddenly stopped) was performed in 16 patients with CNSD, and also in 22 normal subjects.

Proposal for the study of thermophysical properties of high-energy-density matter using current and future heavy-ion accelerator facilities at GSI Darmstadt.

The subject of high-energy-density (HED) states in matter is of considerable importance to numerous branches of basic as well as applied physics. Intense heavy-ion beams are an excellent tool to create large samples of HED matter in the laboratory with fairly uniform physical conditions. Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, is a unique worldwide laboratory that has a heavy-ion synchrotron, SIS18, that delivers intense beams of energetic heavy ions.