Bioprinting of Synthetic Cell-like Lipid Vesicles to Augment the Functionality of Tissues after Manufacturing.

Bioprinting is an automated bioassembly method that enables the formation of human tissue-like constructs to restore or replace damaged tissues. Regardless of the employed bioprinting method, cells undergo mechanical stress that can impact their survival and function postprinting. In this study, we investigate the use of a synthetic cell-like unit, giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), as adjuvants of the cellular function of human cells postprinting, or in future as the complete replacement of human cells.

Imaging-Based Machine Learning Analysis of Patient-Derived Tumor Organoid Drug Response.

Three-quarters of compounds that enter clinical trials fail to make it to market due to safety or efficacy concerns. This statistic strongly suggests a need for better screening methods that result in improved translatability of compounds during the preclinical testing period. Patient-derived organoids have been touted as a promising 3D preclinical model system to impact the drug discovery pipeline, particularly in oncology.

Mortality Risk from : A Comparison of Modeling Approaches to Identify Disparities across Racial/Ethnic Groups in Policy Outcomes.

Background: Regulatory analyses of air pollution policies require the use of concentration-response functions and underlying health data to estimate the mortality and morbidity effects, as well as the resulting benefits, associated with policy-related changes in fine particulate matter ()]. Common practice by U.S.

VprBP directs epigenetic gene silencing through histone H2A phosphorylation in colon cancer.

Histone modification is aberrantly regulated in cancer and generates an unbalanced state of gene transcription. VprBP, a recently identified kinase, phosphorylates histone H2A on threonine 120 (T120) and is involved in oncogenic transcriptional dysregulation; however, its specific role in colon cancer is undefined. Here, we show that VprBP is overexpressed in colon cancer and directly contributes to epigenetic gene silencing and cancer pathogenesis.

Human colorectal cancer-on-chip model to study the microenvironmental influence on early metastatic spread.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) progression is a complex process that is not well understood. We describe an organ-on-chip model that emulates tissue structure and the tumor microenvironment (TME) to better understand intravasation, an early step in metastasis. The CRC-on-chip incorporates fluid flow and peristalsis-like cyclic stretching and consists of endothelial and epithelial compartments, separated by a porous membrane.

Clocking cancer: the circadian clock as a target in cancer therapy.

Disruption of the cellular pathway modulating endogenous 24-h rhythms, referred to as "the circadian clock", has been recently proven to be associated with cancer risk, development, and progression. This pathway operates through a complex network of transcription-translation feedback loops generated by a set of interplaying proteins. The expression of core circadian clock genes is frequently dysregulated in human tumors; however, the specific effects and underlying mechanisms seem to vary depending on the cancer types and are not fully understood.

Novel statistical emulator construction for volcanic ash transport model Ash3d with physically motivated measures.

Statistical emulators are a key tool for rapidly producing probabilistic hazard analysis of geophysical processes. Given output data computed for a relatively small number of parameter inputs, an emulator interpolates the data, providing the expected value of the output at untried inputs and an estimate of error at that point. In this work, we propose to fit Gaussian Process emulators to the output from a volcanic ash transport model, Ash3d.

Comparison of Cell and Organoid-Level Analysis of Patient-Derived 3D Organoids to Evaluate Tumor Cell Growth Dynamics and Drug Response.

3D cell culture models have been developed to better mimic the physiological environments that exist in human diseases. As such, these models are advantageous over traditional 2D cultures for screening drug compounds. However, the practicalities of transitioning from 2D to 3D drug treatment studies pose challenges with respect to analysis methods.

Aperiodic Mo/Si multilayers for hard x-rays.

In this work we have developed aperiodic Molybdenum/Silicon (Mo/Si) multilayers (MLs) to reflect 16.25 keV photons at a grazing angle of incidence of 0.6° ± 0.

A high-content image-based method for quantitatively studying context-dependent cell population dynamics.

Tumor progression results from a complex interplay between cellular heterogeneity, treatment response, microenvironment and heterocellular interactions. Existing approaches to characterize this interplay suffer from an inability to distinguish between multiple cell types, often lack environmental context, and are unable to perform multiplex phenotypic profiling of cell populations. Here we present a high-throughput platform for characterizing, with single-cell resolution, the dynamic phenotypic responses (i.

Camera for coherent diffractive imaging and holography with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser.

We describe a camera to record coherent scattering patterns with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser (FEL). The camera consists of a laterally graded multilayer mirror, which reflects the diffraction pattern onto a CCD detector. The mirror acts as a bandpass filter for both the wavelength and the angle, which isolates the desired scattering pattern from nonsample scattering or incoherent emission from the sample.

Single particle X-ray diffractive imaging.

In nanotechnology, strategies for the creation and manipulation of nanoparticles in the gas phase are critically important for surface modification and substrate-free characterization. Recent coherent diffractive imaging with intense femtosecond X-ray pulses has verified the capability of single-shot imaging of nanoscale objects at suboptical resolutions beyond the radiation-induced damage threshold. By intercepting electrospray-generated particles with a single 15 femtosecond soft-X-ray pulse, we demonstrate diffractive imaging of a nanoscale specimen in free flight for the first time, an important step toward imaging uncrystallized biomolecules.

Resectoscope or Versapoint for hysteroscopic metroplasty.

Objective: To assess the feasibility, safety, and reproductive outcome of hysteroscopic metroplasty using the Versapoint device compared with the resectoscope using the Collins loop.

Methods: Sixty-three women diagnosed with partial septate uterus were included in the study. Forty-two women underwent hysteroscopic metroplasty using Versapoint and 21 women had the procedure using the resectoscope.

Femtosecond time-delay X-ray holography.

Extremely intense and ultrafast X-ray pulses from free-electron lasers offer unique opportunities to study fundamental aspects of complex transient phenomena in materials. Ultrafast time-resolved methods usually require highly synchronized pulses to initiate a transition and then probe it after a precisely defined time delay. In the X-ray regime, these methods are challenging because they require complex optical systems and diagnostics.

Sub-diffraction-limited multilayer coatings for the 0.3 numerical aperture micro-exposure tool for extreme ultraviolet lithography.

Multilayer coating results are discussed for the primary and secondary mirrors of the micro-exposure tool (MET): a 0.30 NA lithographic imaging system with a 200 microm x 600 microm field of view at the wafer plane, operating in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) region at an illumination wavelength around 13.4 nm.

Subnanometer-scale measurements of the interaction of ultrafast soft x-ray free-electron-laser pulses with matter.

At the recently built FLASH x-ray free-electron laser, we studied the reflectivity of Si/C multilayers with fluxes up to 3 x 10(14) W/cm2. Even though the nanostructures were ultimately completely destroyed, we found that they maintained their integrity and reflectance characteristics during the 25-fs-long pulse, with no evidence for any structural changes over lengths greater than 3 A. This experiment demonstrates that with intense ultrafast pulses, structural damage does not occur during the pulse, giving credence to the concept of diffraction imaging of single macromolecules.

A silicon-based, sequential coat-and-etch process to fabricate nearly perfect substrate surfaces.

For many thin-film applications substrate imperfections such as particles, pits, scratches, and general roughness, can nucleate film defects which can severely detract from the coating's performance. Previously we developed a coat-and-etch process, termed the ion beam thin film planarization process, to planarize substrate particles up to approximately 70 nm in diameter. The process relied on normal incidence etching; however, such a process induces defects nucleated by substrate pits to grow much larger.

High-performance Mo-Si multilayer coatings for extreme-ultraviolet lithography by ion-beam deposition.

An ion-beam deposition system has been used to fabricate Mo-Si multilayer coatings for masks and imaging optics to be used for extreme-ultraviolet lithography. In addition to high reflectivity and excellent profile control, ion-beam deposition has the capability to smooth rough substrates. For example, we achieved reflectivity of 66.

Atomic-precision multilayer coating of the first set of optics for an extreme-ultraviolet lithography prototype system.

We present our results of coating a first set of optical elements for an extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) lithography system. The optics were coated with Mo-Si multilayer mirrors by dc magnetron sputtering and characterized by synchrotron radiation. Near-normal incidence reflectances above 65% were achieved at 13.

Diffraction-limited large x-ray optics.

It is shown that the technologies required to produce large normal-incidence multilayer x-ray mirrors with diffraction-limited resolution are now available. Applications of these mirrors in x-ray astronomy and x-ray lithography are discussed.

Refractive index of amorphous carbon near its K-edge.

The refractive index of the amorphous carbon layers inside multilayer soft x-ray mirrors is derived in the lambda = 42-58-A wavelength range by measuring the shift in the Bragg angle caused by refraction. Reflectivity curves are measured with a reflectometer behind a zone plate monochromator at the National Synchrotron Light Source. The monochromator consists only of a freestanding zone plate of gold and an exit slit and is free of any of the contamination problems often found in monochromators that contain mirrors.

Fabrication and testing of large area multilayer coated x-ray optics.

We discuss the procedures developed for the production and testing of multilayer x-ray mirrors on large figured optical surfaces. Methods which are generally useful for characterizing the performance of such optics are presented, as well as specific results from the production of a 25-cm diam Ritchey-Chretien telescope for a wavelength of lambda = 63.5 A.