Cassini-Huygens' exploration of the Saturn system: 13 years of discovery.

The Cassini-Huygens mission to Saturn provided a close-up study of the gas giant planet, as well as its rings, moons, and magnetosphere. The Cassini spacecraft arrived at Saturn in 2004, dropped the Huygens probe to study the atmosphere and surface of Saturn's planet-sized moon Titan, and orbited Saturn for the next 13 years. In 2017, when it was running low on fuel, Cassini was intentionally vaporized in Saturn's atmosphere to protect the ocean moons, Enceladus and Titan, where it had discovered habitats potentially suitable for life.

Facial fold and crease development: A new morphological approach and classification.

Facial folds and creases are established descriptive anatomical terms for structures of which the morphological characteristics and origins are not clearly defined. The aim of this study was to perform a morphological investigation of the nasolabial fold (NLF), mandibular fold (MF), deep transverse forehead (DTFC), infraorbital fold (IOF) and upper eyelid fold (UEF), correlating their phenotypes to differences in the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), noting morphological differences and similarities. Full-graft tissue blocks of skin, subcutaneous tissue, and mimic muscles collected postmortem were studied histologically.

Review of Saturn's icy moons following the Cassini mission.

We review our knowledge of the icy moons of Saturn prior to the Cassini orbital mission, describe the discoveries made by the instrumentation onboard the Cassini spacecraft.

Morphological analysis and three-dimensional reconstruction of the SMAS surrounding the nasolabial fold.

Background: The superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), a structure that has been discussed with some controversy, has a complex morphological architecture.

Material And Methods: Histological analysis was performed on tissue blocks of the nasolabial fold (NLF) collected postmortem from formalin-fixed bodies of one male and one female donor. Serial histological sections were made, stained and digitized.

Composite infrared spectrometer (CIRS) on Cassini: publisher's note.

This publisher's note renumbers the reference list in Appl. Opt.56, 5274 (2017)APOPAI0003-693510.

Composite infrared spectrometer (CIRS) on Cassini.

The Cassini spacecraft orbiting Saturn carries the composite infrared spectrometer (CIRS) designed to study thermal emission from Saturn and its rings and moons. CIRS, a Fourier transform spectrometer, is an indispensable part of the payload providing unique measurements and important synergies with the other instruments. It takes full advantage of Cassini's 13-year-long mission and surpasses the capabilities of previous spectrometers on Voyager 1 and 2.

An evolving view of Saturn's dynamic rings.

We review our understanding of Saturn's rings after nearly 6 years of observations by the Cassini spacecraft. Saturn's rings are composed mostly of water ice but also contain an undetermined reddish contaminant. The rings exhibit a range of structure across many spatial scales; some of this involves the interplay of the fluid nature and the self-gravity of innumerable orbiting centimeter- to meter-sized particles, and the effects of several peripheral and embedded moonlets, but much remains unexplained.

Yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan radioimmunotherapy in primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas: first results of a prospective, monocentre study.

Radioimmunotherapy with Yttrium-90 ((90)Y) ibritumomab tiuxetan (IT) has been shown to be effective in systemic B-cell lymphomas. We conducted a pilot study to evaluate the outcome and assess complications of (90)Y IT therapy in patients with primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (PCBCL). Ten patients, all but one, with relapsed PCBCL were included and treated with rituximab (250 mg m(-2)/body surface) on days 1 and 8 followed by a single dose of (90)Y IT (11-15 MBq kg(-1)).

[Is radioiodine therapy conducted too late in patients suffering from thyroid autonomy?].

Aim: The effectiveness of radioiodine therapy (RIT) is proven. The aim of this study was to determine, how much time passes between diagnosis of thyroid autonomy or occurrence of functional and/or local symptoms on one hand and RIT on the other hand.

Patients, Methods: This retrospective study comprises 196 patients, who were treated with radioiodine for thyroid autonomy between 2002 and 2005.

Cassini encounters Enceladus: background and the discovery of a south polar hot spot.

The Cassini spacecraft completed three close flybys of Saturn's enigmatic moon Enceladus between February and July 2005. On the third and closest flyby, on 14 July 2005, multiple Cassini instruments detected evidence for ongoing endogenic activity in a region centered on Enceladus' south pole. The polar region is the source of a plume of gas and dust, which probably emanates from prominent warm troughs seen on the surface.

Titan's atmospheric temperatures, winds, and composition.

Temperatures obtained from early Cassini infrared observations of Titan show a stratopause at an altitude of 310 kilometers (and 186 kelvin at 15 degrees S). Stratospheric temperatures are coldest in the winter northern hemisphere, with zonal winds reaching 160 meters per second. The concentrations of several stratospheric organic compounds are enhanced at mid- and high northern latitudes, and the strong zonal winds may inhibit mixing between these latitudes and the rest of Titan.

Temperatures, winds, and composition in the saturnian system.

Stratospheric temperatures on Saturn imply a strong decay of the equatorial winds with altitude. If the decrease in winds reported from recent Hubble Space Telescope images is not a temporal change, then the features tracked must have been at least 130 kilometers higher than in earlier studies. Saturn's south polar stratosphere is warmer than predicted from simple radiative models.

Jupiter's atmospheric composition from the Cassini thermal infrared spectroscopy experiment.

The Composite Infrared Spectrometer observed Jupiter in the thermal infrared during the swing-by of the Cassini spacecraft. Results include the detection of two new stratospheric species, the methyl radical and diacetylene, gaseous species present in the north and south auroral infrared hot spots; determination of the variations with latitude of acetylene and ethane, the latter a tracer of atmospheric motion; observations of unexpected spatial distributions of carbon dioxide and hydrogen cyanide, both considered to be products of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 impacts; characterization of the morphology of the auroral infrared hot spot acetylene emission; and a new evaluation of the energetics of the northern auroral infrared hot spot.

An intense stratospheric jet on Jupiter.

The Earth's equatorial stratosphere shows oscillations in which the east-west winds reverse direction and the temperatures change cyclically with a period of about two years. This phenomenon, called the quasi-biennial oscillation, also affects the dynamics of the mid- and high-latitude stratosphere and weather in the lower atmosphere. Ground-based observations have suggested that similar temperature oscillations (with a 4-5-yr cycle) occur on Jupiter, but these data suffer from poor vertical resolution and Jupiter's stratospheric wind velocities have not yet been determined.