High species richness in the lichen genus (): 34 species in the dolichorhizoid and scabrosoid clades of section , including 24 new to science.

Applying molecular methods to fungi establishing lichenized associations with green algae or cyanobacteria has repeatedly revealed the existence of numerous phylogenetic taxa overlooked by classical taxonomic approaches. Here, we report taxonomical conclusions based on multiple species delimitation and validation analyses performed on an eight-locus dataset that includes world-wide representatives of the dolichorhizoid and scabrosoid clades in section of the genus . Following the recommendations resulting from a consensus species delimitation approach and additional species validation analysis (BPP) performed in this study, we present a total of 25 species in the dolichorhizoid clade and nine in the scabrosoid clade, including respectively 18 and six species that are new to science and formally described.

Modeling early pathophysiological phenotypes of diabetic retinopathy in a human inner blood-retinal barrier-on-a-chip.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular disorder characterized by inner blood-retinal barrier (iBRB) breakdown and irreversible vision loss. While the symptoms of DR are known, disease mechanisms including basement membrane thickening, pericyte dropout and capillary damage remain poorly understood and interventions to repair diseased iBRB microvascular networks have not been developed. In addition, current approaches using animal models and in vitro systems lack translatability and predictivity to finding new target pathways.

Fungal diversity notes 1512-1610: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa.

This article is the 14th in the Fungal Diversity Notes series, wherein we report 98 taxa distributed in two phyla, seven classes, 26 orders and 50 families which are described and illustrated. Taxa in this study were collected from Australia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Chile, China, Cyprus, Egypt, France, French Guiana, India, Indonesia, Italy, Laos, Mexico, Russia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam. There are 59 new taxa, 39 new hosts and new geographical distributions with one new combination.

Antibacterial potencial of 12 Lichen species.

Resistant bacterial infections are a major public health problem worldwide, which entails the need to search for new therapeutic agents. In this context, lichens stand out, provided that they are producers of structurally diverse compounds that have attractive biological properties, including antimicrobial activity. Thus, extracts of 12 lichen species were prepared and their potential to inhibit the growth of 5 bacterial strains was evaluated in this work.

NADPH biosensor-based identification of an alcohol dehydrogenase variant with improved catalytic properties caused by a single charge reversal at the protein surface.

Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) are used in reductive biotransformations for the production of valuable chiral alcohols. In this study, we used a high-throughput screening approach based on the NADPH biosensor pSenSox and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) to search for variants of the NADPH-dependent ADH of Lactobacillus brevis (LbADH) with improved activity for the reduction of 2,5-hexanedione to (2R,5R)-hexanediol. In a library of approx.

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest.

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts.

NADPH-related processes studied with a SoxR-based biosensor in Escherichia coli.

NADPH plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism for biosynthesis and oxidative stress responses. We previously developed the genetically encoded NADPH biosensor pSenSox based on the transcriptional regulator SoxR of Escherichia coli, its target promoter P and eYFP as fluorescent reporter. Here, we used pSenSox to study the influence of various parameters on the sensor output in E.

The Accuracy of Colorectal Cancer Detection by Computed Tomography in the Unprepared Large Bowel in a Community-Based Hospital.

Purpose: This retrospective study examined the performance of general radiologists in a community-based hospital in detecting colorectal cancer (CRC) with computed tomography (CT) in the unprepared large bowel.

Methods: The pathology database at a community hospital over the past 7 years (2009-2015) was retrospectively analysed for pathologically proven CRC (924 cases). The provincial hospital information profile for these patients was reviewed to determine if they had an abdominal CT for any reason in the year prior to biopsy.

From one to six: unrecognized species diversity in the genus Acantholichen (lichenized Basidiomycota: Hygrophoraceae).

We present a taxonomic revision of the lichenized basidiomycete genus Acantholichen, species of which produce a characteristic blue-gray, microsquamulose thallus with spiny apical hyphal cells known as acanthohyphidia. Since its discovery, the genus was thought to be monospecific, only including the generic type, A. pannarioides.

orchard: Paternity program for autotetraploid species.

Advances in molecular marker technology have provided new opportunities to study the population genetics of polyploid taxa. Paternity analysis using microsatellite markers can be used in detection of gene flow between individuals and populations, in mating system analysis, to identify factors that influence fecundity and fertility, to identify behaviour of parent-offspring relationships and in the analysis of the reproductive success of different ecological groups. As there is no specific program for carrying out paternity analysis in tetraploid species, specialized software was designed for the assignment of paternity for autotetraploid species.

Mast-cell degranulation induced by physical stimuli involves the activation of transient-receptor-potential channel TRPV2.

A characteristic of mast cells is the degranulation in response to various stimuli. Here we have investigated the effects of various physical stimuli in the human mast-cell line HMC-1. We have shown that HMC-1 express the transient receptor potential channels TRPV1, TRPV2 and TRPV4.

The use of endoscopic ultrasonography and other imaging modalities in the preoperative staging of rectal villous tumours: a case of overstaging by magnetic resonance imaging.

A case of a 60-year-old man with recurrent rectal villous adenoma is described. Preoperative staging with endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed very discordant results. EUS showed a tumour present in the mucosa with no submucosal invasion, while MRI revealed invasion of the muscularis propria consistent with an invasive stage T2 carcinoma.

Case report: Hydropic leiomyoma of the uterus presenting in pregnancy: imaging features.

Uterine leiomyomas commonly undergo degenerative change, which can lead to variable imaging features. Diffuse hydropic change is an unusual form of degeneration that presents a considerable diagnostic challenge to both radiologists and pathologists, as it can mimic a malignant neoplasm on imaging and at histological analysis. We present the case of a giant diffuse hydropic leiomyoma presenting in the first trimester of pregnancy in a 36-year-old woman, the imaging features of which were suggestive of a more aggressive neoplasm.

Large recession of the four vertical rectus muscles for acquired pendular vertical nystagmus and oscillopsia without a null zone.

A 55-year-old man presenting with acquired pendular vertical nystagmus without a null zone was treated with large recessions of the four vertical rectus muscles. Nystagmus and oscillopsia were greatly reduced after surgery. Associated lid nystagmus persisted after surgery, suggesting that treatment success was caused by mechanical weakening of the muscles rather than by interruption of a proprioceptive feedback loop.

MR shoulder arthrography in patients younger than 40 years of age: frequency of rotator cuff tear versus labroligamentous pathology.

The purpose of this study was to compare the frequency of rotator cuff pathology versus labroligamentous pathology in patients younger than 40 years and to determine whether routine MR arthrography is justified in all patients in this age group, regardless of the clinical symptoms. The MR arthrography was carried out on 332 patients 40 years of age and younger. Two hundred and forty-three patients had clinical history of instability and possible labroligamentous pathology.

[Shift of the insertion of the superior oblique muscle by scleral buckling: clinical features and surgery].

A 36-year-old man who had been operated on for left eye retinal detachment (silastic sponge, secondarily explanted), presented with an 18 PD left hypertropia in primary position, to a 40 PD hypertropia in abduction, with downgaze limitation, associated with esotropia and incyclotorsion. Surgical exploration showed extensive tissue scarring and fibrosis in the area of the superior rectus and the superior oblique muscles. The insertion of the superior oblique was found in the superomedial quadrant, very anteriorly from the equator of the eye, which made it an elevator and an adductor of the globe.

[Slipped superior rectus in Grave's orbitopathy. A case report].

Superior rectus slippage after its surgical recession is characterized by short-term progressive overcorrection. Similarities with inferior rectus slippage are pronounced, especially a history of Grave's orbitopathy and the use of an adjustable suture. In the present clinical case, upper eyelid retraction and a history of upper eyelid elevator muscle surgery might be specific risk factors, due to the close anatomical links between the superior rectus and the upper eyelid elevator.

Comparison of MRI and sonography in the preliminary evaluation for fibroid embolization.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to evaluate whether pelvic MRI provides additional clinically relevant information after sonography in the preprocedure evaluation of uterine artery embolization of fibroids.

Materials And Methods: Forty-nine women who presented for consultation for uterine artery embolization were retrospectively reviewed. The MRI and sonography scans were independently evaluated and compared for uterine size, fibroid size and location (categorized as paraendometrial, intramural, subserosal, or pedunculated) of the four largest fibroids in each patient, and the total number of fibroids present.

[Recessed inferior rectus syndrome: surgical exploration and pathophysiology].

Introduction: Progressive overcorrection after inferior rectus recession may occur in 10%-40% of cases, whatever the surgical indication, whatever the technique. The clinical features are hypertropia, inferior rectus underaction, and lid retraction.

Material And Methods: The anatomy of the inferior rectus during surgical exploration is described in 11 cases initially operated on for different types of strabismus.

[Convergence excess associated with neurological diseases: surgical treatment].

Background: Lesions of the supranuclear pathways for convergence control can lead to convergence deficit or convergence excess. Whereas pathophysiology of acquired convergence excess is now fully covered in the literature, no specific paper on its surgical treatment could be found.

Patients: Cases 1 and 2: Parinaud's syndrome with convergence excess in attempted upgaze (+ convergence retraction nystagmus and VIth nerve palsy in case 2).

[Antinomic horizontal deviations: esodeviation associated with exodeviation. Clinical features and surgery].

Introduction: Antinomic deviations are defined as a basic exoposition of the eyes associated with innervational convergence excess leading to an esoposition.

Patients And Methods: Thirty-four patients with both exodeviation and esodeviation were studied. Surgery consisted in lateral recti (LR) recess with fadenoperation on the medial recti.

Sonographic evaluation of spleen size in tall healthy athletes.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to establish the range of spleen sizes in tall healthy athletes.

Subjects And Methods: Sonographic measurements of spleen size and left renal length were performed on 129 college athletes (82 men, 47 women). Length, width, and thickness of the spleen and left renal length were obtained.

[Botulinum toxin in infantile estropia: long-term results].

Purpose: To evaluate long term results of botulinum toxin in infantile esotropia.

Methods: Nineteen infants between 6 and 13 Months of age were treated with botulinum toxin injected into the medial recti. The amount of deviation, the different symptoms of infantile esotropia, and the need for surgery were studied.

Liver imaging with multidetector helical computed tomography.

The speed and flexibility of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) have led to improvements in liver imaging, particularly related to the detection and characterization of focal lesions. This report discusses the different phase of liver enhancement following the bolus administration of iodinated contrast material, and the enhancement pattern of various liver lesions during these phases. We also propose guidelines for designing protocols for MDCT of the liver and discuss the principles of contrast media delivery.