Development and Testing of the Spinal Cord Injury Bladder and Bowel Control Questionnaire (SCI-BBC-Q).

Introduction: Recovery of lower urinary tract (LUT) and lower gastrointestinal tract (LGIT) is a high priority for people with lived experience following spinal cord injury (SCI). A universally accepted validated patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure of the individual sensory and motor components of LGIT and LUT function, which allows tracking of recovery is lacking. To address this literature gap, the SCI Bladder and Bowel Control Questionnaire (SCI-BBC-Q) was developed.

Detecting and Predicting Cognitive Decline in Individuals with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Longitudinal Telephone-Based Study.

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) can lead to long-lasting cognitive impairments, and some survivors experience cognitive decline post-recovery. Early detection of decline is important for care planning, and understanding risk factors for decline can elucidate targets for prevention. While neuropsychological testing is the gold standard approach to characterizing cognitive function, there is a need for brief, scalable tools that are capable of detecting clinically significant changes in post-TBI cognition.

Dual statistical models link baseline visual attention measure to risk for significant symptomatic concussion in sports.

Aim: Athletic pre-season testing can establish functional baseline for comparison following concussion. Whether impacts of future concussions may be foretold by such testing is little known.

Materials & Methods: Two sets of models for a significant burden of concussion were generated: a traditional approach using a series of logistic regressions, and a penalized regression approach using elastic net.

Traumatic brain injury history and baseline symptoms outweigh sex differences for risk of concussion in a sample of collegiate athletes.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) prior to the collegiate pre-season is associated with risk for re-injury. We also investigate sex differences, cognitive functioning, and self-reported concussion symptoms and their associations with concussion risk.

Methods: A longitudinal cohort study consisting of collegiate athletes ( = 212) who completed consecutive preseason evaluations (P1 and P2) between 2012 and 2015, averaging 12.

A proof-of-concept randomized crossover clinical trial of a first-in-class vasopressin 1a receptor antagonist for PTSD: Design, methods, and recruitment.

Background: Almost eight million Americans suffer from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Current PTSD drug therapies rely on repurposed antidepressants and anxiolytics, which produce undesirable side effects and have recognized compliance issues. Vasopressin represents a promising and novel target for pharmacological intervention.

Screening for Brain Injury Sustained in the Context of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV): Measure Development and Preliminary Utility of the Brain Injury Screening Questionnaire IPV Module.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with risk for multi-etiology brain injury (BI), including repetitive head impacts, isolated traumatic brain injuries (TBI), and anoxic/hypoxic injury secondary to nonfatal strangulation (NFS). IPV-related injuries are often unreported, but evidence suggests that survivors are more likely to report when asked directly. There are currently no validated tools for screening of brain injury related to IPV that meet World Health Organization guidelines for this population.

International Survey of Antiseizure Medication Use in Patients with Complicated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A New York Neurotrauma Consortium Study.

Background: Seizures and epilepsy after traumatic brain injury (TBI) negatively affect quality of life and longevity. Antiseizure medication (ASM) prophylaxis after severe TBI is associated with improved outcomes; these medications are rarely used in mild TBI. However, a paucity of research is available to inform ASM use in complicated mild TBI (cmTBI) and no empirically based clinical care guidelines for ASM use in cmTBI exist.

Enhancing exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): a randomized clinical trial of virtual reality and imaginal exposure with a cognitive enhancer.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a significant public health issue. Yet, there are limited treatment options and no data to suggest which treatment will work for whom. We tested the efficacy of virtual reality exposure (VRE) or prolonged imaginal exposure (PE), augmented with D-cycloserine (DCS) for combat-related PTSD.

Evaluating the clinical benefit of brain-computer interfaces for control of a personal computer.

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) enabling the control of a personal computer could provide myriad benefits to individuals with disabilities including paralysis. However, to realize this potential, these BCIs must gain regulatory approval and be made clinically available beyond research participation. Therefore, a transition from engineering-oriented to clinically oriented outcome measures will be required in the evaluation of BCIs.

Understanding loss to follow-up in a longitudinal study of people with traumatic brain injury.

Objective: To examine factors related to attrition in a traumatic brain injury (TBI) study sample assessed up to 15 years after injury.

Participants: One thousand twenty-eight participants with TBI who completed the year 1 follow-up assessment at a TBI Model Systems Center between 1992 and 2018.

Method: Secondary analysis of data from a prospective longitudinal cohort study considering follow-up data collection completion status at years 1, 2, 5, 10, and 15.

Visuomotor Synchronization: Military Normative Performance.

Introduction: Cognitive processes such as perception and reasoning are preceded and dependent on attention. Because of the close overlap between neural circuits of attention and eye movement, attention may be objectively quantified with recording of eye movements during an attention-dependent task. Our previous work demonstrated that performance scores on a circular visual tracking task that requires dynamic synchronization of the gaze with the target motion can be impacted by concussion, sleep deprivation, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

A Framework for Outpatient Infusion of Antispike Monoclonal Antibodies to High-Risk Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Coronavirus Disease-19: The Mayo Clinic Model.

The administration of spike monoclonal antibody treatment to patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 is very challenging. This article summarizes essential components and processes in establishing an effective spike monoclonal antibody infusion program. Rapid identification of a dedicated physical infrastructure was essential to circumvent the logistical challenges of caring for infectious patients while maintaining compliance with regulations and ensuring the safety of our personnel and other patients.

Postintensive Care Syndrome in Survivors of Critical Illness Related to Coronavirus Disease 2019: Cohort Study From a New York City Critical Care Recovery Clinic.

Objective: Determine the characteristics of postintensive care syndrome in the cognitive, physical, and psychiatric domains in coronavirus disease 2019 ICU survivors.

Design: Single-center descriptive cohort study from April 21, to July 7, 2020.

Setting: Critical care recovery clinic at The Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City.

Reinjury After Moderate to Severe TBI: Rates and Risk Factors in the NIDILRR Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems.

Objectives: To compare characteristics of those who do and do not sustain subsequent traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) following index TBI and to identify reinjury risk factors.

Design: Secondary data analysis of an ongoing longitudinal cohort study.

Setting: TBI Model Systems Centers.

The Effects of Early Mobilization on Patients Requiring Extended Mechanical Ventilation Across Multiple ICUs.

Objectives: 1) To successfully implement early mobilization of individuals with prolonged mechanical ventilation in multiple ICUs at a tertiary care hospital and 2) to reduce length of stay and improve quality of care to individuals in the ICUs.

Design: Comparative effectiveness cohort study based on a quality improvement project.

Setting: Five ICUs at a tertiary care hospital.

An interview based approach to the anorectal portion of the International Standards of Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury Exam (I-A-ISNCSCI): a pilot study.

Study Design: Prospective, single-blinded study.

Objective: To design and evaluate the use of an interview based version of the anorectal portion of the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) exam in the acute inpatient rehabilitation (AIR) setting.

Setting: AIR unit.

Enhanced exposure therapy for combat-related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: PTSD, which has been identified in up to 23% of post-9-11 veterans, often results in a chronic, pernicious course. Thus, effective treatments are imperative. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) concluded that the only intervention for PTSD with sufficient evidence to conclude efficacy is exposure therapy.

Unhealthy gut, unhealthy brain: The role of the intestinal microbiota in neurodegenerative diseases.

The number of bacterial cells living within the human body is approximately equal to, or greater than, the total number of human cells. This dynamic population of microorganisms, termed the human microbiota, resides mainly within the gastrointestinal tract. It is widely accepted that highly diverse and stable microbiota promote overall human health.

Association of Visual Tracking Metrics With Post-concussion Symptomatology.

Attention impairment may provide a cohesive neurobiological explanation for clusters of clinical symptoms that occur after a concussion; therefore, objective quantification of attention is needed. Visually tracking a moving target is an attention-dependent sensorimotor function, and eye movement can be recorded easily and objectively to quantify performance. Our previous work suggested the utility of gaze-target synchronization metrics of a predictive visual tracking task in concussion screening and recovery monitoring.

Visual Tracking in Development and Aging.

A moving target is visually tracked with a combination of smooth pursuit and saccades. Human visual tracking eye movement develops through early childhood and adolescence, and declines in senescence. However, the knowledge regarding performance changes over the life course is based on data from distinct age groups in isolation using different procedures, and thus is fragmented.

Improving Emotion Regulation Following Web-Based Group Intervention for Individuals With Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: Preliminary evaluation of the efficacy of a Web-based group intervention (Online EmReg) to improve emotion regulation (ER) in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Design: Pre-/post-within-subject design with baseline, end-of-treatment, and 12-week follow-up assessments.

Participants: Ninety-one individuals with TBI and deficits in ER.

Response of School Districts to the New York State Concussion Awareness and Management Act: Review of Policies and Procedures.

Background: By 2014, all states implemented concussion laws that schools must translate into daily practice; yet, limited knowledge exists regarding implementation of these laws. We examined the extent to which concussion management policies and procedure (P&P) documents of New York State school districts comply with the State's Concussion Awareness and Management Act (the Act). We also aimed to identify barriers to compliance.

Incretin hormones regulate microglia oxidative stress, survival and expression of trophic factors.

The incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are primarily known for their metabolic function in the periphery. GLP-1 and GIP are secreted by intestinal endocrine cells in response to ingested nutrients. Both GLP-1 and GIP stimulate the production and release of insulin from pancreatic β cells as well as exhibit several growth-regulating effects on peripheral tissues.

Neuroinflammation as a Common Mechanism Associated with the Modifiable Risk Factors for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases.

Background: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD) are among the most common causes of dementia, which increasingly contribute to morbidity and mortality worldwide. A common hallmark in the pathogenesis of these two diseases is neuroinflammation, which is initially triggered by the presence of pathological structures associated with these disorders. Chronic neuroinflammation is sustained by persistent and aberrant microglial activation in the brain, which results in damage and death of neighboring cells, including neurons and glial cells.

Frequency Responses to Visual Tracking Stimuli May Be Affected by Concussion.

Human visual tracking performance is known to be reduced with an increase of the target's speed and oscillation frequency, but changes in brain states following a concussion may alter these frequency responses. The goal of this study was to characterize and compare frequency-dependent smooth pursuit velocity degradation in normal subjects and patients who had chronic postconcussion symptoms, and also examine cases of acutely concussed patients. Eye movements were recorded while subjects tracked a target that moved along a circular trajectory of 10° radius at 0.