A Timeline of the History of Dentistry.

History of Dentistry starts from the moment the Late Paleolithic Man used a toothpick fashioned from a bone or wood splinter, or the moment our human ancestors began to manipulate the surface of a tooth to remove its retentiveness, so food does not get stuck. That was at least 14,000 years ago, based on available evidence. The current timeline, compiled in this article, is one of many published over the years.

Dental education and practice: past, present, and future trends.

This position paper explores the historical transitions and current trends in dental education and practice and attempts to predict the future. Dental education and practice landscape, especially after the COVID-19 epidemic, are at a crossroads. Four fundamental forces are shaping the future: the escalating cost of education, the laicization of dental care, the corporatization of dental care, and technological advances.

John Greenwood's sidenotes on a 1778 John Hunter text at The New York Academy of Medicine.

John Greenwood (1760-1819) was George Washington's preferred dentist. He practiced in New York and made at least one of eight sets of dentures Washington wore (currently in the collection of the New York Academy of Medicine (NYAM). We know very little about John Greenwood's (JG) formal education, except that he came from a famous family of dentists.

Allele-specific expression reveals genetic drivers of tissue regeneration in mice.

In adult mammals, skin wounds typically heal by scarring rather than through regeneration. In contrast, "super-healer" Murphy Roths Large (MRL) mice have the unusual ability to regenerate ear punch wounds; however, the molecular basis for this regeneration remains elusive. Here, in hybrid crosses between MRL and non-regenerating mice, we used allele-specific gene expression to identify cis-regulatory variation associated with ear regeneration.

Reduction of Tendon Fibrosis Using Galectin-3 Inhibitors.

Background: Fibrosis is a complication of both tendon injuries and repairs. The authors aimed to develop a mouse model to assess tendon fibrosis and to identify an antifibrotic agent capable of overcoming it.

Methods: The Achilles tendon of adult C57Bl/6 mice was exposed via skin incision, followed by 50% tendon injury and abrasion with sandpaper.

The Changing Scene of Practicing Dentistry: A Survey of the Past 200 Years.

If one could be a patient repeatedly, every twenty-five years, starting in 1825, the evolution and comparison of dental care and dental practice would be historically meaningful. Such a as a perpetual patient through 200 years, is the purpose of this paper. The changes that occurred over 200 years provide a sense of the progress in treating patients and the transformation of a painful and dreaded experience to a highly sophisticated painless profession.

Piezo inhibition prevents rescues scarring by targeting the adipocyte to fibroblast transition.

While past studies have suggested that plasticity exists between dermal fibroblasts and adipocytes, it remains unknown whether fat actively contributes to fibrosis in scarring. We show that adipocytes convert to scar-forming fibroblasts in response to -mediated mechanosensing to drive wound fibrosis. We establish that mechanics alone are sufficient to drive adipocyte-to- fibroblast conversion.

Establishing a Xenograft Model with CD-1 Nude Mice to Study Human Skin Wound Repair.

Background: A significant gap exists in the translatability of small-animal models to human subjects. One important factor is poor laboratory models involving human tissue. Thus, the authors have created a viable postnatal human skin xenograft model using athymic mice.

A Model for Teaching History of Dentistry and Medicine to Dental Students - The NYU Experience.

Teaching History of Dentistry and Medicine in dental curricula has declined over the past half century. The cause of this decline is a lack of expertise, time in a crowded curriculum and a decline in interest in the humanities among dental students. The current paper describes a model of teaching History of Dentistry and Medicine at New York University College of Dentistry, a model that could be replicated at other schools.

The Life of a Dental Student: Educational and Social Changes from 1880 to 2020.

If one could attend the same College of Dentistry repeatedly, every twenty years, starting in 1880, the evolution and comparison of student life would be historically meaningful. Such a , as a perpetual dental student through 140 years, is the purpose of this paper. To illustrate this unique perspective, New York College of Dentistry, was chosen.

Denervation during mandibular distraction osteogenesis results in impaired bone formation.

Mandibular distraction osteogenesis (DO) is mediated by skeletal stem cells (SSCs) in mice, which enact bone regeneration via neural crest re-activation. As peripheral nerves are essential to progenitor function during development and in response to injury, we questioned if denervation impairs mandibular DO. C57Bl6 mice were divided into two groups: DO with a segmental defect in the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) at the time of mandibular osteotomy ("DO Den") and DO with IAN intact ("DO Inn").

Multiplexed evaluation of mouse wound tissue using oligonucleotide barcoding with single-cell RNA sequencing.

Despite its rapidly increased availability for the study of complex tissue, single-cell RNA sequencing remains prohibitively expensive for large studies. Here, we present a protocol using oligonucleotide barcoding for the tagging and pooling of multiple samples from healing wounds, which are among the most challenging tissue types for this application. We describe steps to generate skin wounds in mice, followed by tissue harvest and oligonucleotide barcoding.

Reprogramming cultured human fungiform (HBO) taste cells into neuron-like cells through in vitro induction.

Human taste cells are a heterogeneous population of specialized epithelial cells that are constantly generated from progenitor taste cells. Type I and type III taste cells express some neural markers, and studies have reported that direct innervation by neurons is not required for taste cell development. To our knowledge, no previous study has demonstrated that taste cells can differentiate into neuron-like cells or any other non-taste cell type.

Short- and Long-Term Progression of Kidney Involvement in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients with Low-Grade Proteinuria.

Background And Objectives: Lupus nephritis remains a common cause of morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Current guidelines recommend performing a kidney biopsy at a urine protein-creatinine ratio of ≥0.5 g/g.

Exploring the Overlooked Roles and Mechanisms of Fibroblasts in the Foreign Body Response.

Foreign body response (FBR), wherein a fibrotic capsule forms around an implanted structure, is a common surgical complication that often leads to pain, discomfort, and eventual revision surgeries. Although believed to have some mechanistic overlap with normal wound healing, much remains to be discovered about the specific mechanism by which this occurs. Current understanding of FBR has focused on the roles of the immune system and the biomaterial, both major contributors to FBR.

Chemosensory loss in COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus quickly spread globally, infecting over half a billion individuals, and killing over 6 million*. One of the more unusual symptoms was patients' complaints of sudden loss of smell and/or taste, a symptom that has become more apparent as the virus mutated into different variants. Anosmia and ageusia, the loss of smell and taste, respectively, seem to be transient for some individuals, but for others persists even after recovery from the infection.

Beyond the Scar: A Basic Science Review of Wound Remodeling.

Increasing development of experimental animal models has allowed for the study of scar formation. However, many pathophysiological unknowns remain in the longest stage of healing, the remodeling stage, which may continue for a year or more. The wound healing process results in different types of scarring classified as normal or pathological depending on failures at each stage.

Impact of family-centred postnatal training on maternal and neonatal health and care practices in district hospitals in two states in India: a pre-post study.

Background And Objectives: The Care Companion Program (CCP) is an in-hospital multitopic skill-based training programme provided to families to improve postdischarge maternal and neonatal health. The states of Punjab and Karnataka in India piloted the programme in 12 district hospitals in July 2017, and no study to date has evaluated its impact.

Methods: We compared telephonically self-reported maternal and neonatal care practices and health outcomes before and after the launch of the CCP programme in 11 facilities.

Teaching History of Dentistry in Dental Curricula A survey of 393 dental schools in 100 countries.

Teaching history of dentistry and/or medicine in dental schools is not a priority today. A half a century ago it was part of a significant number of dental school curricula. As advances in science occurred and more demand on the curriculum were made, history of medicine and dentistry (HMD) was largely cast aside.

Joint Preserving Treatments for Thumb CMC Arthritis.

Trapezium resection with or without tendon suspension arthroplasty has been considered the gold standard surgical treatment for thumb carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis (CMCJ OA). However, the removal of the trapezium may result in subsidence or shortening of the first metacarpal axis. Resection may also lead to reduced pinch strength and thumb instability.

Tension offloading improves cutaneous scar formation in Achilles tendon repair.

Hypertrophic scar formation and non-healing wounds following Achilles tendon repair arise from poor vascularity to the incisional site or from excess mechanical stress/strain to the incision during the healing process. The embrace® scar therapy dressing is a tension offloading device for incisional scars. This study explored the effects of tension offloading during Achilles scar formation.

Evaluating Symptomatic and Psychosocial Well-being After Keloid Treatment With SCAR-Q.

Background: Many patients with keloids experience symptoms, such as pain and pruritus, and may present with significant psychosocial burdens. However, no single therapeutic regimen has been firmly established for treatment of keloids.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess patients' perspectives on their keloids after treatment by comparing preoperative and postoperative surveys.

Leadership Trends at Hand Surgery Fellowships.

Background: Fellowship directors (FDs) influence the future of trainees in the field of hand surgery. Currently, there are no studies that analyze the demographic background, institutional training, and academic experience of hand surgery FDs. This study aims to serve as a framework to understand the landscape of current leadership positions in hand surgery education and to identify opportunities to improve FD diversity.