Restriction factor screening identifies RABGAP1L-mediated disruption of endocytosis as a host antiviral defense.

Host interferons (IFNs) powerfully restrict viruses through the action of several hundred IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) products, many of which remain uncharacterized. Here, using RNAi screening, we identify several ISG restriction factors with previously undescribed contributions to IFN-mediated defense. Notably, RABGAP1L, a Tre2/Bub2/Cdc16 (TBC)-domain-containing protein involved in regulation of small membrane-bound GTPases, robustly potentiates IFN action against influenza A viruses (IAVs).

IFITM3 incorporation sensitizes influenza A virus to antibody-mediated neutralization.

The disease severity of influenza is highly variable in humans, and one genetic determinant behind these differences is the IFITM3 gene. As an effector of the interferon response, IFITM3 potently blocks cytosolic entry of influenza A virus (IAV). Here, we reveal a novel level of inhibition by IFITM3 in vivo: We show that incorporation of IFITM3 into IAV particles competes with incorporation of viral hemagglutinin (HA).

Application of a Biologically Contained Reporter System To Study Gain-of-Function H5N1 Influenza A Viruses with Pandemic Potential.

Natural adaptation of an antigenically novel avian influenza A virus (IAV) to be transmitted efficiently in humans has the potential to trigger a devastating pandemic. Understanding viral genetic determinants underlying adaptation is therefore critical for pandemic preparedness, as the knowledge gained enhances surveillance and eradication efforts, prepandemic vaccine design, and efficacy assessment of antivirals. However, this work has risks, as making gain-of-function substitutions in fully infectious IAVs may create a pathogen with pandemic potential.

The lack of correspondence between work-related disability and receipt of workers' compensation benefits.

Background: Previous studies suggest that many persons with disabilities caused by work do not receive workers' compensation benefits.

Methods: Data from surveys of persons with disabilities were used to estimate the proportion of disability due to work-related injuries and diseases. Studies examining the proportion of workers with work-related disability who received workers' compensation benefits were reviewed.

Occupational health and safety surveillance and research using workers' compensation data.

Objective: Examine uses of US workers' compensation (WC) data for occupational safety and health purposes.

Methods: This article is a summary of the proceedings from an invitational workshop held in September 2009 to discuss the use of WC data for occupational safety and health prevention purposes.

Results: Workers' compensation data systems, although limited in many ways, contain information such as medical treatments, their costs and outcomes, and disability causes that are unavailable from national occupational surveillance sources.

Recommendations to guide revision of the Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment. American Medical Association.

The American Medical Association's Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, Fourth Edition, is the most commonly used tool in the United States for rating permanent impairments for disability systems. The Guides, currently undergoing revision, has been the focus of considerable controversy. Criticisms have focused on 2 areas: internal deficiencies, including the lack of a comprehensive, valid, reliable, unbiased, and evidence-based system for rating impairments; and the way in which workers' compensation systems use the ratings, resulting in inappropriate compensation.

Legal solutions for the problems of special populations at risk.

Some populations of workers face competitive disadvantages in the labor market and increased risks at work. This paper discusses three areas of law that are relevant to the occupational health concerns of these subgroups of workers. First, laws against discrimination in employment on the basis of race, sex, age, and disability are described.

Preventing toothbrush abrasion and the efficacy of the Alert toothbrush: a review and patient study.

The literature recognizes two etiologies for periodontal attachment loss. On a statistical basis, bacterial periodontal disease causes attachment loss interproximally, while trauma, or self-inflicted periodontal disease, causes attachment loss on the buccal and lingual tooth surfaces. One study shows that the prevalence of attachment loss caused by abrasion is only slightly less than the attachment loss caused by bacterial periodontal disease.

Identification and characterization of the major cell envelope proteins of oral strains of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.

The major cell envelope protein compositions of seven Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains of human origin were compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The major envelope polypeptides were homogeneous, in relation to molecular weight, in all of the strains that were examined. The characterization of the five major proteins, designated Env1 through Env5, in the leukotoxic strain Y4 revealed that proteins Env2 to -5 may reside in the outer membrane as suggested by differential detergent extractions and 125I-labeling experiments.

[The normal neonatal EEG (author's transl)].

Polygraphic examinations (EEG, EKG, electrooculogram and recording of respiration) were carried out on 120 full term healthy newborns. EEG recordings taken in wakefulness states showed a low-voltage background activity with a noticeable share of 8 c/sec. waves.