Subcellular distribution of ionic components in gastric mucosa of the guinea pig.

The topographical distribution of cations, anions and polyanions in the guinea-pig stomach has been studied by ultrastructural cytochemical methods. After fixation with the pyroantimonate-osmium tetroxide solution, variable-sized precipitates were localized in the basolateral extracellular space bordering parietal cells or chief cells but not in that bordering mucus-secreting cells. The basal lamina of all gastric cells disclosed a continuous layer of heavy antimonate deposits.

Cytochemical localization of glycoconjugates in rat peritoneal mast cells during degranulation.

Cytochemical methods for the localization of glycoconjugates including concanavalin A-horseradish peroxidase (ConA-HRP) and dialysed iron were used to study the distribution of glycoconjugates in mast cell granules during degranulation. The ConA-HRP method revealed intense staining of discharged mast cell granules. Dialysed iron staining was seen at the granule periphery, with extruded granules exhibiting more intense staining than undischarged granules.

Facilitation of the tonic vibration reflex (TVR) by cutaneous stimulation in hemiplegics.

The study of TVR facilitation with cutaneous icing and brushing by Spicer and Matyas (1980) was replicated in 12 hemiplegics with paretic quadriceps femoris muscles. Icing and brushing were studied under experimental and placebo conditions. Facilitation of the TVR from quadriceps femoris was examined during stimulation and 45-60 sec after the end of stimulation.

Ultrastructural cytochemistry of complex carbohydrates of gastric epithelium in the guinea pig.

Ultrastructural and complex-carbohydrate cytochemical studies were carried out on guinea pig gastric mucosa to assess the histochemical properties of the secretions of different gastric epithelial cells and to investigate the differentiation, origin, and renewal of certain cell types. The observations disclosed heterogeneity or variability of the secretory granules within individual mucigenic cells and zymogen cells. The cytochemical methods also served in characterizing and distinguishing five cell types in the gastric glands, including the isthmus cell, a mucous cell considered comparable to the mucous neck cell, the chief cell, and forms transitional between the isthmus and mucous cells and the mucous and zymogenic cells.

Ultrastructural localization of carbonic anhydrase in gastric parietal cells with the immunoglobulin-enzyme bridge method.

Ultrastructural immunostaining of carbonic anhydrase in gastric parietal cells was accomplished with the immunoglobulin-peroxidase bridge procedure applied to cryostat sections of fixed guinea-pig stomach prior to dehydration and embedment. Of a variety of fixatives tested, only freshly prepared paraformaldehyde buffered with calcium acetate provided both immunostaining and adequate preservation of ultrastructural morphology. Delipidization or exposure of specimens to detergent prior to staining enhanced the intensity of the immunostaining and increased the sensitivity of the method.

Facilitation of the tonic vibration reflex (TVR) by cutaneous stimulation.

Facilitation by cutaneous icing and brushing of the TVR elicited from the quadriceps femoris was studied in 15 normal subjects. Icing and brushing were studied under experimental and placebo conditions. In addition, TVR facilitation by each stimulus was examined during stimulation and 45-60 seconds after stimulation.

Ultrastructural cytochemistry and radioautography of complex carbohydrates in heterophil granulocytes from rabbit bone marrow.

The subcellular route of incorporation of complex carbohydrates into rabbit heterophil primary granules and their subsequent intragranular distribution during granule maturation were studied with ultrastructural, cytochemical, and radioautographic methods. High iron diamine (HID) staining of sulfated glycoconjugates in primary granules was partially diminished after treatment with chondroitinase ABC or after removal of N-sulfate groups with nitrous acid, but was not altered by exposure to hyaluronidase, trypsin, or HCl. Subsequent thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (TCH-SP) straining of thin sections increased the density of the HID reaction product.

Histochemical reactivity of peanut lectin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate.

A peanut lectin-horseradish peroxidase (PL-HRP) conjugate has been applied to histochemical staining of paraffin sections of various mouse organs. The PL-HRP conjugate has selectively reacted with secretory bodies, the Golgi zone, and the apical cell surface in various cell types. Some positive sites, including lingual and tracheal serous glands, Brunner's glands, and the brush border of the proximal straight nephron, contained periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive glycoconjugate with no affinity for basic reagents.

Comparisons of alveolar and peritoneal macrophages: soluble protein, esterase, dipeptidyl aminopeptidase II, and proteinase inhibitor.

The content of soluble protein, nonspecific esterase, dipeptidyl aminopeptidase II (DAP II), and proteinase inhibitors was compared for alveolar (AM) and peritoneal (PM) wash cells of rats. The cells present in the wash fluids were 85-90% macrophages in the peritoneal wash and 95% in the alveolar wash. Macromolecular components were resolved from whole cell homogenates by polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing (PAGIF) on horizontal gels and were identified cytochemically.

Ultrastructural localization of acid phosphatase in denervated and diabetic striated muscles.

Catabolism in denervated and diabetic rat skeletal muscle undergoing accelerated protein degradation has been investigated with methods for demonstrating acid phosphatase ultrastructurally. Control muscles displayed strong acid phosphatase activity in lateral sacs and in sparse secondary hysosomes distributed mainly near nuclear poles. Muscles from diabetic rats and, to a lesser extent, 2-day denervated rats, revealed increased secondary lysosomes apparently derived from fusion of mitochondria with acid-phosphatase-reactive vesicles and cisternae.

Complex carbohydrates of rat tracheobronchial surface epithelium visualized ultrastructurally.

Application of cytochemical methods for complex carbohydrates at the light and electron microscopic levels served further to differentiate secretory cells of the rat tracheobronchial surface epitheliuim into serous and mucous categories, and permitted subclassification of serous cells into four types and of mucous cells into three types. The granules in different serous cells and Clara cells varied in staining with the periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (PA-TCH-SP) method, but generally lacked dialyzed iron (DI) affinity and apparently contained neutral glycoprotein. However, in some focal areas, serous and Clara cell granules showed a pattern of DI staining similar to the PA-TCH-SP reactivity.

Granular cell myoblastoma.

The experience at this university between 1954 and 1978 included 96 granular cell myoblastomas in 67 patients. The unusual locations of the tumors were the breast, bronchus, vocal cord, stomach and rectus sheath. An extremely rare invasive squamous carcinoma developed from a lesion of the larynx with pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia of the overlying dpithelium.

Iron nitrilotriacetate--induced experimental diabetes in rats.

The etiology of diabetes in some conditions of iron overload is not known. We studied growth, glucose tolerance, and pancreatic islet cell morphology and cytochemistry in rats administered parenteral FeNTA. These rats developed glucosuria, slowing of growth with eventual weight loss, polyuria, polydipsia, and death.

Kallikrein localization in rodent salivary glands and kidney with the immunoglobulin-enzyme bridge technique.

Kallikrein has been localized in rodent kidney and salivary glands by means of an immunoglobulin-enzyme bridge technique. In sections of kidney, anti-kallikrein antibodies bound to the apical region of certain distal tubule segments in the cortex, to reabsorption droplets of proximal convoluted tubules, and to certain duct segments in the papilla. In salivary glands of both male and female rats and mice, and apical rim of most striated duct cells of submandibular, parotid and sublingual glands and granular tubules of submandibular glands exhibited immunoreactivity.

Cytochemical localization and biochemical characterization of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase II in macrophages and mast cells.

Dipeptidyl aminopeptidase II (DAP II) was demonstrated cytochemically at light and electron microscope levels in rat macrophages and mast cells using Lys-Ala-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide as a specific substrate. The enzyme which was found to be lysosomal in both cell types, was analyzed biochemically in extracts by measuring fluorometrically the liberated naphthylamine, and was visualized in sections microscopically using azo-coupling methods. DAP II was further characterized by isoelectric focusing techniques.

Cytochemical characterization of secretory and cell surface glycoconjugates by light and electron microscopy.

Lectin methods have increased the capacity for histochemical characterization and differentiation of glycoproteins and have demonstrated, for example, greater reactivity of gastrointestinal than of respiratory tract secretions with the periodate-concanavalin A-horseradish peroxidase method for localizing mannose-rich glycoprotein. Application of a battery of ultrastructural cytochemical methods with specificity for the constituents characteristically present in the complex carbohydrates provides knowledge of the distribution of the various recognizable types of glycoconjugates in tissues and cells showing, for example, marked differences in glycoconjugates of the apical compared with the basolateral plasmalemma in a given cell type and differences between apical plasmalemmas or basement membranes of different cell types. Such information raises questions as to the biologic significance of the different complex carbohydrates in various sites and, hopefully, will lead to a clearer understanding of their physiologic roles.