Tranexamic Acid Led to Improved Safety of Total Knee Arthroplasty in Jehovah's Witness Patients: A Multicentered Matched Study.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the safety of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in Jehovah's Witness patients compared to non-Jehovah's Witness patients using standard perioperative TKA protocols and assess the role of tranexamic acid (TXA) in managing blood loss in this population.

Methods: Patients undergoing TKA between 2011 and 2021 at 2 tertiary academic centers were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographics, preoperative and postoperative hematologic laboratory values, intraoperative TXA use, 90-day postoperative complications, and subsequent revisions were collected.

Blood Transfusion in the Age of Tranexamic Acid: Who Needs a Type and Screen Before Total Hip Arthroplasty?

Background: Modern surgical protocols, particularly the use of tranexamic acid (TXA), have reduced, but not eliminated, blood transfusions surrounding total hip arthroplasty (THA). Identifying patients at risk for transfusion remains important for risk reduction and to determine type and screen testing.

Methods: We reviewed 6,405 patients who underwent primary, unilateral THA between January 2014 and January 2023 at a single academic institution, received TXA, and had preoperative hemoglobin (Hgb) values.

Innovations in the Isolation and Treatment of Biofilms in Periprosthetic Joint Infection: A Comprehensive Review of Current and Emerging Therapies in Bone and Joint Infection Management.

Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are a devastating complication of joint arthroplasty surgeries that are often complicated by biofilm formation. The development of biofilms makes PJI treatment challenging as they create a barrier against antibiotics and host immune responses. This review article provides an overview of the current understanding of biofilm formation, factors that contribute to their production, and the most common organisms involved in this process.

Human versus artificial intelligence-generated arthroplasty literature: A single-blinded analysis of perceived communication, quality, and authorship source.

Background: Large language models (LLM) have unknown implications for medical research. This study assessed whether LLM-generated abstracts are distinguishable from human-written abstracts and to compare their perceived quality.

Methods: The LLM ChatGPT was used to generate 20 arthroplasty abstracts (AI-generated) based on full-text manuscripts, which were compared to originally published abstracts (human-written).

Patients With Moderate to Severe Liver Cirrhosis Have Significantly Higher Short-Term Complication Rates Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Liver cirrhosis is associated with increased perioperative morbidity. Our study used the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score to assess the impact of cirrhosis severity on postoperative outcomes following total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods: A retrospective review identified 59 patients with liver cirrhosis who underwent primary TKA at a large, urban, academic center from January 2013 to August 2022.

Failed 2-Stage Revision Knee Arthroplasty for Periprosthetic Joint Infection-Patient Characteristics and Outcomes.

Background: Chronic prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is most frequently treated with 2-stage revision in conjunction with antibiotic treatment. The aims of this study were 1) to investigate the characteristics of patients who have recurrent infection following 2-stage revision for PJI and 2) to identify risk factors associated with treatment failure.

Methods: A multicenter retrospective review of 90 total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients who underwent 2-stage revision for treatment of PJI from March 1, 2003 to July 31, 2019, and had recurrent PJI was conducted.

Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Intra-articular Hyaluronic Acid for Knee Osteoarthritis.

Background: Intra-articular hyaluronic acid (IAHA) has been commonly used in the management of knee osteoarthritis (OA). This study sought to assess patient-reported outcomes (PRO) following different formulations of hyaluronic acid injections for patients who have knee OA.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on patients who have knee OA and received IAHA knee injections from October 2018 to May 2022 in sports medicine (SM) and adult reconstructive (AR) clinics.

Trends in Revenue and Cost for Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Background: Over the past decade, reimbursement models and target payments have been modified in an effort to decrease costs of revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) while maintaining the quality of care. The goal of this study was to investigate trends in revenue and costs associated with rTKA.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent rTKA between 2011 and 2021 at our institution.

Electro-optical mechanically flexible coaxial microprobes for minimally invasive interfacing with intrinsic neural circuits.

Central to advancing our understanding of neural circuits is developing minimally invasive, multi-modal interfaces capable of simultaneously recording and modulating neural activity. Recent devices have focused on matching the mechanical compliance of tissue to reduce inflammatory responses. However, reductions in the size of multi-modal interfaces are needed to further improve biocompatibility and long-term recording capabilities.

Gliosarcoma with PNET features mimicking a metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma: A diagnostic dilemma.

Objective: Gliosarcomas (GS) comprise ~ 2 - 8% of glioblastomas and are associated with a similar poor prognosis. GS have rarely been found with a primitive neuroectodermal component (PNET). We present a case of gliosarcoma with PNET features (GS-PNET) that mimicked a neuroendocrine carcinoma on initial biopsy.

Iterative and Complex Asymmetric Divisions Control Cell Volume Differences in Ciona Notochord Tapering.

The notochord of the invertebrate chordate Ciona forms a tapered rod at tailbud stages consisting of only 40 cylindrical cells in a single-file column. This tapered shape involves differences in notochord cell volume along the anterior-posterior axis. Here, we quantify sibling cell volume asymmetry throughout the developing notochord and find that there are distinctive patterns of unequal cleavage in all 4 bilateral pairs of A-line primary notochord founder cells and also in the B-line-derived secondary notochord founder cells.

The Implication of Substance P in the Development of Tendinopathy: A Case Control Study.

It was reported that substance P had beneficial effects in the healing of acute tendon injury. However, the relationship between substance P and degenerative tendinopathy development remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of substance P in the pathogenesis of tendinopathy.

Towards Microscale Flight: Fabrication, Stability Analysis, and Initial Flight Experiments for 300 μm × 300 μm × 1.5 μm Sized Untethered MEMS Microfliers.

This paper presents modeling, designs, and initial experimental results demonstrating successful untethered microscale flight of stress-engineered microscale structures propelled by thermal forces. These MEMS Microfliers are 300 μm×300 μm×1.5 μm in size and are fabricated out of polycrystalline silicon using a surface micromachining process.