Three-dimensional anatomy and dorsoventral asymmetry of the mature Marchantia polymorpha meristem develops from a symmetrical gemma meristem.

Meristems are three-dimensional (3D) generative structures that contain stem cells and produce new organs and tissues. Meristems develop in all land plants; however we know little about the spatial and temporal regulation of meristem structure in lineages such as bryophytes. Here, we describe the 3D meristem anatomy during the development of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha.

Diverse branching forms regulated by a core auxin transport mechanism in plants.

Diverse branching forms have evolved multiple times across the tree of life to facilitate resource acquisition and exchange with the environment. In the vascular plant group, the ancestral pattern of branching involves dichotomy of a parent shoot apex to form two new daughter apices. The molecular basis of axillary branching in Arabidopsis is well understood, but few regulators of dichotomous branching are known.

Lemierre's Syndrome: A Case Report.

Lemierre's syndrome is a rare condition characterized by septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein secondary to infection of the head and neck region and septic embolization to other organs. The most frequent etiological agent is , a commensal anaerobic gram-negative bacillus of the oral flora. We report the case of a young male who presented with chest pain after a dental procedure.

A Case of Anti-Caspr2 Autoimmune Encephalitis Associated with Adenocarcinoma of the Lung.

Unlabelled: Autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) is an inflammatory brain condition with multiple aetiologies but is mainly associated with paraneoplastic syndromes. Several antibodies described in AIE are being investigated in relation to different cancers, including antibodies against Contactin-associated protein-like 2 (Caspr2), which have been associated with thymoma but very rarely with lung cancer. The authors present the case of a 72-year-old man with cardiovascular risk factors, who presented with a 3-week history of left hemichorea following a first unprovoked seizure the week before, with no other signs or symptoms.

Pyogenic Liver Abscess and Delayed Massive Gastrointestinal Bleeding Following Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP): Association of Two Rare Complications.

A liver abscess (LA) is the most common type of visceral abscess. While biliary tract disorders are its most common etiology, clinicians should also consider less frequent causes such as iatrogenic complications due to certain interventions. One of these unusual causes is related to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES), a usually safe procedure that carries some risk of complications.

An Uncommon Cause of Acute Pancreatitis in a Patient With COVID-19.

Drug-induced pancreatitis is a rare though important condition that remains a diagnostic challenge. Most of the evidence relies on case reports, and clinicians should consider a high suspicion of the diagnosis after ruling out other causes. In particular, steroids are frequently used drugs that have recently been associated with acute pancreatitis.

Assessing reactive violence using Immersive Virtual Reality.

Assessing levels of aggression-specifically reactive violence-has been a challenge in the past, since individuals might be reluctant to self-report aggressive tendencies. Furthermore, experimental studies often lack ecological validity. Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) offers a reliable, ethically safe environment, and is the most realistic virtual simulation method currently available.

TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN is essential for asexual vegetative reproduction in Kalanchoë.

The unique mechanism by which leaf margin cells regain potency and then form a plantlet in Kalanchoë spp. remains elusive but involves organogenesis and embryogenesis in response to age, day length, nutrient availability, and drought stress. In light of this, we investigated whether TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR), a conserved protein kinase in eukaryotes that controls cell growth and metabolism in response to nutrient and energy availability, may regulate plantlet formation.

What can lycophytes teach us about plant evolution and development? Modern perspectives on an ancient lineage.

All Evo-Devo studies rely on representative sampling across the tree of interest to elucidate evolutionary trajectories through time. In land plants, genetic resources are well established in model species representing lineages including bryophytes (mosses, liverworts, and hornworts), monilophytes (ferns and allies), and seed plants (gymnosperms and flowering plants), but few resources are available for lycophytes (club mosses, spike mosses, and quillworts). Living lycophytes are a sister group to the euphyllophytes (the fern and seed plant clade), and have retained several ancestral morphological traits despite divergence from a common ancestor of vascular plants around 420 million years ago.

The Importance of TOR Kinase in Plant Development.

TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR) kinase has been recognised as a key developmental regulator in both plants and animals. Despite their distinct developmental programmes, all eukaryotes studied possess a functional TOR kinase, which integrates environmental and nutrient signals to direct growth and development. This is particularly important in plants, as they are sessile and must sense and respond to external signals to coordinate multicellular growth appropriately.

The Role of Auxin in the Pattern Formation of the Asteraceae Flower Head (Capitulum).

Nature often creates complex structures by rearranging pre-existing units. One such example is the flower head (capitulum) in daisies, where a group of flowers (florets) and phyllaries (modified bracts) are arranged to superficially mimic a single flower. The capitulum is a key taxonomical innovation that defines the daisy family (Asteraceae), the largest flowering plant group.

Osteochondral Tissue Engineering: Translational Research and Turning Research into Products.

Osteochondral (OC) defect repair is a significant clinical challenge. Osteoarthritis results in articular cartilage/subchondral bone tissue degeneration and tissue loss, which in the long run results in cartilage/ostecochondral defect formation. OC defects are commonly approached with autografts and allografts, and both these options have found limitations.

Re"CYC"ling molecular regulators in the evolution and development of flower symmetry.

Flower forms are both highly diverse and multifaceted. As well as varying in colour, size, organ number, and much more, flowers show different types of symmetry. Floral symmetry can be grouped into three main categories: asymmetry, bilateral symmetry and radial symmetry, characterised by zero, one, and multiple planes of symmetry, respectively.

Laminin-111 and the Level of Nuclear Actin Regulate Epithelial Quiescence via Exportin-6.

Nuclear actin (N-actin) is known to participate in the regulation of gene expression. We showed previously that N-actin levels mediate the growth and quiescence of mouse epithelial cells in response to laminin-111 (LN1), a component of the mammary basement membrane (BM). We know that BM is defective in malignant cells, and we show here that it is the LN1/N-actin pathway that is aberrant in human breast cancer cells, leading to continuous growth.

Control of Floret Symmetry by RAY3, SvDIV1B, and SvRAD in the Capitulum of Senecio vulgaris.

All members of Asteraceae, the largest flowering family, have a unique compressed inflorescence known as a capitulum, which resembles a solitary flower. The capitulum often consists of bilateral (zygomorphic) ray florets and radial (actinomorphic) disc florets. In Antirrhinum majus, floral zygomorphy is established by the interplay between dorsal petal identity genes, CYCLOIDEA (CYC) and RADIALIS (RAD), and a ventral gene DIVARICATA (DIV).

A comparison of breath- and blood-alcohol test results from real-life policing situations: a one-year study of data from the Central Hessian police district in Germany.

So far, studies investigating the comparability of breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) with blood alcohol concentration (BAC) have focused on the accuracy of BrAC testing instruments. The presented study, conducted with cases from the district of the Middle Hessian Police Headquarters, is to the best of our knowledge the first to compare both methods under real-life conditions in normal policing situations. For a 1-year period, alcohol-impaired drunk-driving suspects, who were by criminal procedure required to give a blood sample, were offered a voluntary, additional BrAC test with a "Dräger Alcotest 7110 Evidential".

Mission essential fitness: comparison of functional circuit training to traditional Army physical training for active duty military.

Appropriate and effective physical fitness training is imperative for soldier survival and mission success. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Mission Essential Fitness (MEF) circuit-style training program compared to standard Army Physical Readiness Training (APRT) on fitness, physiological, and body composition changes. Active duty Army personnel were randomly assigned to two groups (MEF = 34 or APRT = 33) for 8 weeks of training (15 sessions each).

Identification of fluorescent compounds with non-specific binding property via high throughput live cell microscopy.

Introduction: Compounds exhibiting low non-specific intracellular binding or non-stickiness are concomitant with rapid clearing and in high demand for live-cell imaging assays because they allow for intracellular receptor localization with a high signal/noise ratio. The non-stickiness property is particularly important for imaging intracellular receptors due to the equilibria involved.

Method: Three mammalian cell lines with diverse genetic backgrounds were used to screen a combinatorial fluorescence library via high throughput live cell microscopy for potential ligands with high in- and out-flux properties.

Nuclear actin: A key player in extracellular matrix-nucleus communication.

Decades of research have shown that there is an intimate relationship between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cellular phenotype. While the existence of this relationship remains inarguably clear, the exact details through which the extracellular matrix controls phenotypic behavior at the gene expression level are, for the most part, elusive. In a recent study on mammary epithelial cells, nuclear actin was identified as a key effector protein through which laminin Type III (LN1) attenuates RNA polymerase activity to promote growth arrest.

Actin-towards a deeper understanding of the relationship between tissue context, cellular function and tumorigenesis.

It is well-established that the actin cytoskeleton plays an important role in tumor development yet the contribution made by nuclear actin is ill-defined. In a recent study, nuclear actin was identified as a key mediator through which laminin type III (LN1) acts to control epithelial cell growth. In the breast, epithelial tumors are surrounded by an environment which lacks LN1.

Depletion of nuclear actin is a key mediator of quiescence in epithelial cells.

Functional differentiation is orchestrated by precise growth-regulatory controls conveyed by the tissue microenvironment. Cues from laminin 111 (LN1) lower transcription and suppress mammary epithelial cell growth in culture, but how LN1 induces quiescence is unknown. Recent literature points to involvement of nuclear β-actin in transcriptional regulation.

Laminin regulates PI3K basal localization and activation to sustain STAT5 activation.

Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a key regulator of tissue morphogenesis and functional differentiation in the mammary gland. We showed recently that laminin-111 (LN1) together with prolactin induces β-casein expression in mammary epithelial cells (MECs) by sustaining STAT5 activation. Others have shown that Rac1 is required for integrin-mediated STAT5 activation, but molecules upstream of Rac1 remain to be elucidated.

Gene expression in the third dimension: the ECM-nucleus connection.

Decades ago, we and others proposed that the dynamic interplay between a cell and its surrounding environment dictates cell phenotype and tissue structure. Whereas much has been discovered about the effects of extracellular matrix molecules on cell growth and tissue-specific gene expression, the nuclear mechanisms through which these molecules promote these physiological events remain unknown. Using mammary epithelial cells as a model, the purpose of this review is to discuss how the extracellular matrix influences nuclear structure and function in a three-dimensional context to promote epithelial morphogenesis and function in the mammary gland.