A Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Mass Spectrometry Assay for the Relative Quantitation of Antennary Fucosylated -Glycans in Human Plasma.

Changes in the abundance of antennary fucosylated glycans in human total plasma -glycome (TPNG) have been associated with several diseases ranging from diabetes to various forms of cancer. However, it is challenging to address this important part of the human glycome. Most commonly, time-consuming chromatographic separations are performed to differentially quantify core and antenna fucosylation.

Diagnosis and Management of pituitary disease with focus on the role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is an essential tool in the diagnosis and management of pituitary diseases, indispensable for making correct treatment decisions. Successful management and follow-up of pituitary pathology requires an understanding of the MR appearance of normal and abnormal structures in the sellar region. This review will describe the MR appearance of the normal and abnormal pituitary gland and proposes an algorithm for the management strategy of some of the most common abnormalities in or around the sella.

Electrocorticographic events from long-term ambulatory brain recordings can potentially supplement seizure diaries.

Purpose: To determine the feasibility of using epileptiform events detected by continuous electrocorticographic monitoring via a brain-responsive neurostimulation system to supplement patient-maintained seizure diaries.

Methods: Data were retrospectively analyzed from a randomized controlled trial of brain-responsive neurostimulation (RNS® System) for adjunctive treatment of medically intractable focal onset seizures in 191 subjects. The long-term (≥3 months) correspondence between daily counts of diary-reported seizures and device-recorded "long epileptiform events" (LEs), a proxy for electrographic seizures (ESs), was assessed using cross-correlation and logistic generalized estimating equation models.

Iliocaval Venous Obstruction, Cardiac Preload Reserve and Exercise Limitation.

Cardiac output during exercise increases by as much as fivefold in the untrained man, and by as much as eightfold in the elite athlete. Increasing venous return is a critical but much overlooked component of the physiological response to exercise. Cardiac disorders such as constrictive pericarditis, restrictive cardiomyopathy and pulmonary hypertension are recognised to impair preload and cause exercise limitation; however, the effects of peripheral venous obstruction on cardiac function have not been well described.

High-Speed Single-Cell Dielectric Spectroscopy.

Single-cell impedance cytometry is a label-free analysis technique that is now widely used to measure the electrical properties of a cell and to differentiate different subpopulations. Current techniques are limited to measuring the impedance of a single cell at one or two simultaneous frequencies. Also, there are no methods that extrapolate the intrinsic electrical properties of single cells.

Remethylation of hematopoietic cells is associated with partial correction of gene dysregulation and reduced myeloid skewing.

Mutations in the DNA methyltransferase 3A () gene are the most common cause of age-related clonal hematopoiesis (ARCH) in older individuals, and are among the most common initiating events for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The most frequent mutation in AML patients (R882H) encodes a dominant-negative protein that reduces methyltransferase activity by ∼80% in cells with heterozygous mutations, causing a focal, canonical DNA hypomethylation phenotype; this phenotype is partially recapitulated in murine bone marrow cells. To determine whether the hypomethylation phenotype of hematopoietic cells is reversible, we developed an inducible transgene to restore expression of in transplanted bone marrow cells from mice.

The binding of SLE autoantibodies to mitochondria.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disease characterized by immune complexes. Because these complexes contain mitochondrial components, we assessed the presence of antibodies to whole mitochondria (wMITO) using an ELISA in which mitochondria from mouse liver are bound to microtiter plates pre-coated with poly-l-lysine. Studies with this ELISA demonstrated that SLE plasmas contain abundant anti-wMITO activity.

Acquired unilateral visual deterioration: More to ischemia than meets the eye.

A 56-year-old woman presented with visual loss in the right eye with best-corrected visual acuity of 20/40. Funduscopic examination revealed neovascularization of the disk with peripapillary preretinal hemorrhages and leakage on fluorescein angiography. Cerebral arteriography demonstrated stenosis of the major cerebral vessels with classic collaterals configuring as "puff of smoke.

Inflammatory cytokines promote clonal hematopoiesis with specific mutations in ulcerative colitis patients.

Epidemiological sequencing studies have revealed that somatic mutations characteristic of myeloid neoplasms can be detected in the blood of asymptomatic individuals decades prior to presentation of any clinical symptoms. This premalignant condition is known as clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP). Despite the fact these mutant clones become readily detectable in the blood of elderly individuals (∼10% of people over the age of 65), the overall rate of disease progression remains relatively low.

The use of computed tomography imaging for abdominal seatbelt sign: A single-center, prospective evaluation.

Introduction: Guidelines surrounding abdominal seat belt sign (SBS) were made prior to the use of modern computed tomography (CT) imaging. We sought to prospectively determine whether a negative CT scan is associated with the absence of hollow viscus injury (HVI), and we hypothesized that trauma patients with an abdominal SBS without CT imaging findings would not have a hollow viscus injury (HVI).

Methods: A prospective cohort of patients with SBS was compiled over one year.

A Case of Unilateral Coccidioidal Chorioretinitis in a Patient with HIV-Associated Meningoencephalitis.

Intraocular coccidioidomycosis is a rare condition, with the most commonly reported presentation being an idiopathic iritis in patients who live in or have traveled thorough endemic areas. A paucity of reports exists describing the chorioretinal manifestations of coccidioidomycosis. Here we report a case of unilateral coccidioidal chorioretinitis and meningoencephalitis in an AIDS patient that led to near complete unilateral loss of vision.

Immunological ignorance is an enabling feature of the oligo-clonal T cell response to melanoma neoantigens.

The impact of intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) and the resultant neoantigen landscape on T cell immunity are poorly understood. ITH is a widely recognized feature of solid tumors and poses distinct challenges related to the development of effective therapeutic strategies, including cancer neoantigen vaccines. Here, we performed deep targeted DNA sequencing of multiple metastases from melanoma patients and observed ubiquitous sharing of clonal and subclonal single nucleotide variants (SNVs) encoding putative HLA class I-restricted neoantigen epitopes.

Method comparison for N-glycan profiling: Towards the standardization of glycoanalytical technologies for cell line analysis.

The study of protein N-glycosylation is essential in biological and biopharmaceutical research as N-glycans have been reported to regulate a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. Monitoring glycosylation in diagnosis, prognosis, as well as biopharmaceutical development and quality control are important research areas. A number of techniques for the analysis of protein N-glycosylation are currently available.

The role of the American Society of anesthesiologists physical status classification in predicting trauma mortality and outcomes.

Background: Trauma prediction scores such as Revised Trauma Score (RTS) and Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS)) are used to predict mortality, but do not include comorbidities. We analyzed the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA PS) for predicting mortality in trauma patients undergoing surgery.

Methods: This multicenter, retrospective study compared the mortality predictive ability of ASA PS, RTS, Injury Severity Score (ISS), and TRISS using a complete case analysis with mixed effects logistic regression.

The connectivity index: an effective metric for grading epileptogenicity.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of a metric of functional connectivity to classify and grade the excitability of brain regions based on evoked potentials in response to single-pulse electrical stimulation (SPES).

Methods: Patients who underwent 1-Hz frequency stimulation at prospectively selected contacts between 2003 and 2014 at the Yale Comprehensive Epilepsy Center were included. The stimulated contacts were classified as the seizure onset zone (SOZ), highly irritative zone (possibly epileptogenic irritative zone [IZp]), and control contacts not involved in the epileptic activity.

Long term results of primary radiosurgery for vestibular schwannomas.

Background: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has become a primary option for management for both newly diagnosed vestibular schwannomas (VS), as well as VS that enlarge after initial observation.

Methods: A retrospective review of our prospectively maintained data base found 871 patients who underwent Gamma knife® SRS as their initial (primary) management between 1987 and 2008. Follow-up ranged from 1-25 years (median = 5.

Characterization of sialidase and disruption of its role in host-pathogen interactions.

Key to onset and progression of periodontitis is a complex relationship between oral bacteria and the host. The organisms most associated with severe periodontitis are the periodontal pathogens of the red complex: , and . These organisms express sialidases, which cleave sialic acid from host glycoproteins, and contribute to disease through various mechanisms.

Photoswitchable Phase Separation and Oligonucleotide Trafficking in DNA Coacervate Microdroplets.

Coacervate microdroplets produced by liquid-liquid phase separation have been used as synthetic protocells that mimic the dynamical organization of membrane-free organelles in living systems. Achieving spatiotemporal control over droplet condensation and disassembly remains challenging. Herein, we describe the formation and photoswitchable behavior of light-responsive coacervate droplets prepared from mixtures of double-stranded DNA and an azobenzene cation.

From Bodies to Borders and Beyond: Mutating Boundaries in .

With its focus on genetics, the mutant body, and social discrimination, the X-Men franchise explores themes pertinent to the health humanities. The 2017 film Logan sharpens this focus and presents a world that echoes many current social, political, and bioethical anxieties. In the film, as a result of widescale eugenics, natural-born mutants are on the verge of extinction while genetically engineered mutants are secretly manufactured as weapons.

Tarik Syndrome: Reversible Postoperative Blindness Secondary to Occipital Seizures.

Background: Postoperative blindness is a devastating surgical complication. Although usually associated with prolonged cardiac and prone spinal operations, it may follow other procedures as well. Postoperative blindness is most commonly caused by a vascular etiology, but it can more rarely be caused by status epilepticus.

OGT Controls the Expression and the Glycosylation of E-cadherin, and Affects Glycosphingolipid Structures in Human Colon Cell Lines.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) affects both women and men living in societies with a high sedentary lifestyle. Amongst the phenotypic changes exhibited by tumor cells, a wide range of glycosylation has been reported for colon cancer-derived cell lines and CRC tissues. These aberrant modifications affect different aspects of glycosylation, including an increase in core fucosylation and GlcNAc branching on N-glycans, alteration of O-glycans, upregulated sialylation, and O-GlcNAcylation.

Default mode and visual network activity in an attention task: Direct measurement with intracranial EEG.

Dynamic attention states are necessary to navigate the ever changing task demands of daily life. Previous investigations commonly utilize a block paradigm to study sustained and transient changes in attention networks. fMRI investigations have shown that sustained attention in visual block design attention tasks corresponds to decreased signal in the default mode and visual processing networks.