Effect of Epicardial Pulsed Field Ablation Directly on Coronary Arteries.

Background: The unique tissue selectivity of pulsed field ablation (PFA) allows for minimizing collateral damage to the nerves/esophagus. However, the safety profile of epicardial PFA on coronary arteries (CAs) has not been well defined.

Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the effect of epicardial PFA directly on CAs in a swine model.

Electrophysiology, Pathology, and Imaging of Pulsed Field Ablation of Scarred and Healthy Ventricles in Swine.

Background: Pulsed field ablation (PFA) has recently been shown to penetrate ischemic scar, but details on its efficacy, risk of arrhythmias, and imaging insights are lacking. In a porcine model of myocardial scar, we studied the ability of ventricular PFA to penetrate scarred tissue, induce ventricular arrhythmias, and assess the influence of QRS gating during pulse delivery.

Methods: Of a total of 6 swine, 5 underwent coronary occlusion and 1 underwent radiofrequency ablation to create infarct scar and iatrogenic scar models, respectively.

Pulsed Field Ablation of Left Ventricular Myocardium in a Swine Infarct Model.

Background: Pulsed field ablation (PFA) leads to cell death by irreversible electroporation. There are limited data about PFA lesion characteristics in the ventricle, particularly in the presence of myocardial scar.

Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the lesion characteristics of PFA and radiofrequency energy (RFA) in healthy and infarcted left ventricular (LV) myocardium in swine.

Infant AFAR: Automated facial action recognition in infants.

Automated detection of facial action units in infants is challenging. Infant faces have different proportions, less texture, fewer wrinkles and furrows, and unique facial actions relative to adults. For these and related reasons, action unit (AU) detectors that are trained on adult faces may generalize poorly to infant faces.

Behavioral and Social Functioning of Children With and Without Positional Plagiocephaly: Late Infancy to School Age.

Positional plagiocephaly and/or brachycephaly (PPB) is associated with cognition, motor, and other developmental outcomes, but little is known about the social-behavioral adjustment of children with PPB. The primary aim of this study was to compare the social-behavioral development of preschool and school-age children with and without PPB and to examine the potential moderating effects of PPB severity on group differences. Two hundred twenty children with a history of PPB and 164 controls participated in at least one behavioral assessment at 4-11 months, 18 months, 36 months, and 7 years.

Prediction of school-age IQ, academic achievement, and motor skills in children with positional plagiocephaly.

Introduction: Children with positional plagiocephaly and/or brachycephaly (PPB) are at risk of early developmental delay, but little is known about early life factors associated with school-age neurodevelopment. This study examined associations of demographic characteristics, prenatal risk factors and early neurodevelopment assessment with school-age IQ, academic performance, and motor development in children with PPB.

Methods: The study sample consisted of 235 school-age children with PPB followed since infancy.

Occurrence and Adherence to Recommendations: Small and Large Retail Delicatessens in Iowa.

The goal of this research was to determine the prevalence of in Iowa retail delicatessens and assess environmental aspects that mitigate . Fifty-seven small and large retail delicatessens in Iowa were selected randomly. More small operations ( = 43) were included as compared with larger stores, given the higher frequency of violations.

Do Infant Motor Skills Mediate the Association Between Positional Plagiocephaly/Brachycephaly and Cognition in School-Aged Children?

Objective: Positional plagiocephaly/brachycephaly (PPB) is associated with lower cognitive scores in school-aged children. This study tested the hypothesis that infant motor skills mediate this association.

Methods: Children with a history of PPB (cases, n = 187) and without PPB (controls, n = 149) were followed from infancy through approximately 9 years of age.

Cognitive, Motor, and Language Development of Preschool Children With Craniofacial Microsomia.

Objective: To examine neurodevelopment in preschool-aged children with craniofacial microsomia (CFM) relative to unaffected peers.

Design: Multisite, longitudinal cohort study.

Setting: Tertiary care centers in the United States.

Behavioral Adjustment of Preschool Children With and Without Craniofacial Microsomia.

Objective: The study aim was to assess behavioral adjustment in preschool children with and without craniofacial microsomia (CFM).

Design: Multisite cohort study of preschoolers with CFM ("cases") or without CFM ("controls").

Participants: Mothers (89%), fathers (9%), and other caregivers (2%) of 161 preschoolers.

Motor Function in School-Aged Children With Positional Plagiocephaly or Brachycephaly.

Objective: To determine whether children with a history of positional plagiocephaly/brachycephaly (PPB) show persistent deficits in motor development.

Methods: In a longitudinal cohort study, we completed follow-up assessments with 187 school-aged children with PPB and 149 participants without PPB who were originally enrolled in infancy. Primary outcomes were the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second Edition (BOT-2) composite scores.

Preclinical Evaluation of Pulsed Field Ablation: Electrophysiological and Histological Assessment of Thoracic Vein Isolation.

Background: Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is a uniquely tissue-selective, nonthermal cardiac ablation modality. Delivery parameters such as the electrical waveform composition and device design are critical to PFA's efficacy and safety, particularly tissue specificity. In a series of preclinical studies, we sought to examine the electrophysiological and histological effects of PFA and compare the safety and feasibility of durable pulmonary vein and superior vena cava (SVC) isolation between radiofrequency ablation and PFA waveforms.

Surgical Approach and Periprocedural Outcomes by Race and Ethnicity of Children Undergoing Craniosynostosis Surgery.

Background: Surgical repair for craniosynostosis varies depending on the infant's age, location of suture fusion, and approach (e.g., open versus endoscopic).

Speech, Language, and Communication Skills of Adolescents With Craniofacial Microsomia.

Purpose Youth with craniofacial microsomia (CFM) have anomalies and comorbidities that increase their risk for speech, language, and communication deficits. We examined these outcomes in youth with and without CFM and explored differences as a function of CFM phenotype and hearing status. Method Participants included youth ages 11-17 years with CFM ( = 107) and demographically similar controls ( = 306).

Evaluation of prenatal diabetes mellitus and other risk factors for craniofacial microsomia.

Objectives: Craniofacial microsomia (CFM) is a congenital condition that typically involves hypoplasia of the ear and jaw. It is often associated with adverse effects such as hearing loss and sleep-disordered breathing. There is little research on its etiology.

Dynamics of Face and Head Movement in Infants with and without Craniofacial Microsomia: An Automatic Approach.

Background: Craniofacial microsomia (CFM) is a congenital condition associated with malformations of the bone and soft tissue of the face and the facial nerves, all of which have the potential to impair facial expressiveness. We investigated whether CFM-related variation in expressiveness is evident as early as infancy.

Methods: Participants were 113 ethnically diverse 13-month-old infants (n = 63 cases with CFM and n = 50 unaffected matched controls).

Cognitive Outcomes and Positional Plagiocephaly.

Unlabelled: : media-1vid110.1542/5972296741001PEDS-VA_2018-2373 BACKGROUND: Studies have revealed an association between positional plagiocephaly and/or brachycephaly (PPB) and development, although little is known about long-term outcomes. We examined cognition and academic achievement in children with and without PPB, testing the hypothesis that children who had PPB as infants would score lower than controls.

Methods and Challenges in a Cohort Study of Infants and Toddlers With Craniofacial Microsomia: The Clock Study.

Objective: The Craniofacial microsomia: Longitudinal Outcomes in Children pre-Kindergarten (CLOCK) study is a longitudinal cohort study of neurobehavioral outcomes in infants and toddlers with craniofacial microsomia (CFM). In this article, we review the data collection and methods used to characterize this complex condition and describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of the cohort.

Setting: Craniofacial and otolaryngology clinics at 5 study sites.

Infant/toddler motor skills as predictors of cognition and language in children with and without positional skull deformation.

Purpose: To estimate associations between early motor abilities (at two age points, 7 and 18 months on average) and cognitive/language outcomes at age 3. To determine whether these associations are similar for children with and without positional plagiocephaly and/or brachycephaly (PPB).

Methods: The Bayley Scales of Infant/Toddler Development 3 were given at all age points to 235 children with PPB and 167 without PPB.

Preclinical Comparison of Thermal Tissue Effects from Traditional Electrosurgery and a Low-Temperature Electrosurgical Device during Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion.

Background: Exposure of the anterior cervical spine requires dissection in proximity to critical neurovascular structures. Monopolar electrosurgical (ES) devices generate heat in contacted tissues, resulting in thermal damage and temperature change. This study examined depth of thermal injury and temperature change associated with use of a low-temperature electrosurgical device (LTD) compared to traditional electrosurgery during a cadaveric anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) dissection.

Automatic Action Unit Detection in Infants Using Convolutional Neural Network.

Action unit detection in infants relative to adults presents unique challenges. Jaw contour is less distinct, facial texture is reduced, and rapid and unusual facial movements are common. To detect facial action units in spontaneous behavior of infants, we propose a multi-label Convolutional Neural Network (CNN).

Neurodevelopment of Infants with and without Craniofacial Microsomia.

Objectives: To determine whether infant cases with craniofacial microsomia (CFM) evidence poorer neurodevelopmental status than demographically similar infants without craniofacial diagnoses ("controls"), and to examine cases' neurodevelopmental outcomes by facial phenotype and hearing status.

Study Design: Multicenter, observational study of 108 cases and 84 controls aged 12-24 months. Participants were assessed by the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-Third Edition and the Preschool Language Scales-Fifth Edition (PLS-5).

Facial Expressiveness in Infants With and Without Craniofacial Microsomia: Preliminary Findings.

Objective: To compare facial expressiveness (FE) of infants with and without craniofacial macrosomia (cases and controls, respectively) and to compare phenotypic variation among cases in relation to FE.

Design: Positive and negative affect was elicited in response to standardized emotion inductions, video recorded, and manually coded from video using the Facial Action Coding System for Infants and Young Children.

Setting: Five craniofacial centers: Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Illinois-Chicago, and University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill.

Behavioral-Social Adjustment of Adolescents with Craniofacial Microsomia.

Objective: The objective was to assess differences in psychosocial adjustment between adolescents with and without craniofacial microsomia (CFM).

Design: This is a case-control follow-up study in adolescents with and without CFM.

Setting: Participants were originally recruited as infants from 26 cities across the United States and Canada.

Comparison of a Saline-coupled Bipolar Sealer Versus Traditional Electrosurgery in a Porcine Model of Chronic Wound Healing.

Objective: This study examines the healing dynamics of in vivo porcine muscle tissue wounds hemostatically treated with a saline-coupled bipolar tissue sealer (SCBS) compared with traditional electrosurgical (ES) coagulation.

Materials And Methods: Six cutaneous incisions were created on the dorsum of 28 adult male Yorkshire swine. The underlying muscle tissue was incised with a cold scalpel then treated with either SCBS (at 170 W) or traditional ES (at Coag 45 W).