Program Directors' Assessments of US Medical Graduates' Transition to Residency.

Importance: Medical school graduates across specialties should be prepared for the start of postgraduate year 1 (PGY-1). Assessments by program directors (PDs) may offer insight to differences in preparedness across medical specialties.

Objective: To investigate whether PD assessments of their PGY-1 residents' performance during the transition to residency differed by specialty category.

Effects of a symptom-titrated exercise program on fatigue and quality of life in people with post-COVID condition - a randomized controlled trial.

Fatigue is the most prevalent symptom within the post-COVID condition (PCC). Furthermore, many patients suffer from decreased physical performance capacity and post-exertional malaise. Although exercise has been proposed as an effective therapeutic strategy for PCC, there is limited evidence on individualised and symptom-titrated exercise interventions in patients with fatigue and PEM.

LBFextract: Unveiling transcription factor dynamics from liquid biopsy data.

Motivation: The analysis of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) holds immense promise as a non-invasive diagnostic tool across various human conditions. However, extracting biological insights from cfDNA fragments entails navigating complex and diverse bioinformatics methods, encompassing not only DNA sequence variation, but also epigenetic characteristics like nucleosome footprints, fragment length, and methylation patterns.

Results: We introduce Liquid Biopsy Feature extract (LBFextract), a comprehensive package designed to streamline feature extraction from cfDNA sequencing data, with the aim of enhancing the reproducibility and comparability of liquid biopsy studies.

How can a growth mindset-supportive learning environment in medical school promote student well-being?

Introduction: There is a growing concern for physician and medical student well-being and burnout. Growth mindset, or the belief that ability can be developed, as well as students' perception of their instructors' growth mindset, have been associated with better academic outcomes for a wide range of students. The primary purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of growth mindset on medical student well-being.

Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Robot-Assisted vs. Freehand Screw Placement in Femoral Neck Fractures: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Femoral neck fractures pose significant surgical challenges with high morbidity and mortality. Traditional freehand screw placement often yields variable outcomes. Recent robotic advancements offer a promising alternative with enhanced precision.

The predictive validity of MCAT scores and undergraduate GPA for COMLEX-USA licensure exam performance of students enrolled in osteopathic medical schools.

Context: Osteopathic (Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine [DO]) medical students account for more than 25 % of all medical students in the United States.

Objectives: This study examined the predictive validity of Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) total scores and cumulative undergraduate grade point averages (UGPAs) for performance on the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination of the United States (COMLEX-USA) Level 1 and Level 2-CE (Cognitive Evaluation) licensure examinations administered by the National Board of Osteopathic Medical Examiners (NBOME). Additionally, the study examined the degree to which MCAT total scores and UGPAs provide comparable prediction of student performance by key sociodemographic variables.

The utility of liquid biopsy in clinical genetic diagnosis of cancer and monogenic mosaic disorders.

Liquid biopsy for minimally invasive diagnosis and monitoring of cancer patients is progressing toward routine clinical practice. With the implementation of highly sensitive next-generation sequencing (NGS) based assays for the analysis of cfDNA, however, consideration of the utility of liquid biopsy for clinical genetic testing is critical. While the focus of liquid biopsy for cancer diagnosis is the detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as a fraction of total cell-free DNA (cfDNA), cfDNA analysis reveals both somatic mosaic tumor and germline variants and clonal hematopoiesis.

GCparagon: evaluating and correcting GC biases in cell-free DNA at the fragment level.

Analyses of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) are increasingly being employed for various diagnostic and research applications. Many technologies aim to increase resolution, e.g.

Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine and Its Role in Psychiatry.

This paper reviews the current literature to examine what elements of osteopathic medicine can be used in psychiatry. The aim of this study was to use the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to conduct a systematic review of studies describing the efficacy of osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) in treating psychiatric problems directly and indirectly. The authors searched the databases PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), reviewing peer-reviewed articles from 1980 to April 2023.

Differentiating multi-MeV, multi-ion spectra with CR-39 solid-state nuclear track detectors.

The development of high intensity petawatt lasers has created new possibilities for ion acceleration and nuclear fusion using solid targets. In such laser-matter interaction, multiple ion species are accelerated with broad spectra up to hundreds of MeV. To measure ion yields and for species identification, CR-39 solid-state nuclear track detectors are frequently used.

The Resident Readiness Survey: A National Process for Program Directors to Provide Standardized Feedback to Medical Schools About Their Graduates.

The process for program directors (PDs) to provide feedback to medical schools about their graduates' readiness for postgraduate year 1 (PGY-1) training is burdensome and does not generate national benchmarking data. The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) tested the feasibility of administering a standardized Resident Readiness Survey (RRS) to PDs nationally about their PGY-1 residents' preparedness for residency. In 2020 and 2021, the AAMC invited PDs via email to complete RRSs for their PGY-1s who graduated from participating schools; the AAMC provided schools with reports of identified RRS data for their graduates.

Utilization of Rectal Examinations Before Magnetic Resonance Defecography Studies.

Importance: More information is needed to guide referring subspecialists on the appropriate patient evaluation before magnetic resonance defecography (MRD).

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate how often health care providers perform digital rectal examination (DRE) before ordering MRD to investigate causes of bowel and pelvic floor complaints.

Study Design: We conducted a retrospective cohort review, including MRD performed on female patients at an integrated health care system from 2016 through 2020.

STAT3/LKB1 controls metastatic prostate cancer by regulating mTORC1/CREB pathway.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common and fatal type of cancer in men. Metastatic PCa (mPCa) is a major factor contributing to its lethality, although the mechanisms remain poorly understood. PTEN is one of the most frequently deleted genes in mPCa.

A cross-sectional study of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on an ophthalmology consult service in four Michigan community hospitals.

Purpose: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, private practice, inpatient consult services, and academic residency programs in ophthalmology saw a decrease in patient encounters. This study elucidates how community hospital ophthalmology consult (OC) services were affected during the pandemic. We aim to determine whether there was a change in resident OC volume in a community-based ophthalmology program consult service during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Evacuation of Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction in West Africa: 19 Hours of Lessons Learned in Prolonged Casualty Care and En Route Care.

Trauma casualty care has historically been the cornerstone of special operations military medical training. A recent case of myocardial infarction at a remote base of operations in Africa highlights the importance of foundational medical knowledge and training. A 54-year-old government contractor supporting operations in the AFRICOM area of responsibility (AOR) presented to the Role 1 medic with substernal chest pain with onset during exercise.

How to detect cancer early using cell-free DNA.

Cell-free circulating DNA (cfDNA) analyses may enable multi-cancer early detection (MCED), but the most suitable method is unknown. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Jamshidi et al. compare ten machine-learning classifiers using various cfDNA features and conclude that cfDNA methylation patterns are most promising for MCED testing.

Determining Intraosseous Needle Placement Using Point-of-Care Ultrasound in a Swine (Sus scrofa) Model.

Objective: Intraosseous (IO) access is critical in resuscitation, providing rapid access when peripheral vascular attempts fail. Unfortunately, misplacement commonly occurs, leading to possible fluid extravasation and tissue necrosis. Current research exploring the utility of bedside ultrasound in confirming IO line placement is limited by small sample sizes of skeletally immature subjects or geriatric cadaveric models.

Charge-state resolved laser acceleration of gold ions to beyond 7 MeV/u.

In the past years, the interest in the laser-driven acceleration of heavy ions in the mass range of [Formula: see text] has been increasing due to promising application ideas like the fission-fusion nuclear reaction mechanism, aiming at the production of neutron-rich isotopes relevant for the astrophysical r-process nucleosynthesis. In this paper, we report on the laser acceleration of gold ions to beyond 7 MeV/u, exceeding for the first time an important prerequisite for this nuclear reaction scheme. Moreover, the gold ion charge states have been detected with an unprecedented resolution, which enables the separation of individual charge states up to 4 MeV/u.

A clinician's handbook for using ctDNA throughout the patient journey.

Background: The promise of precision cancer medicine presently centers around the genomic sequence of a patient's tumor being translated into timely, actionable information to inform clinical care. The analysis of cell-free DNA from liquid biopsy, which contains circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in patients with cancer, has proven to be amenable to various settings in oncology. However, open questions surrounding the clinical validity and utility of plasma-based analyses have hindered widespread clinical adoption.

Dynamic Changes of Circulating Tumor DNA Predict Clinical Outcome in Patients With Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Purpose: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are increasingly being used in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet biomarkers predicting their benefit are lacking. We evaluated if on-treatment changes of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from ICI start (t) to after two cycles (t) assessed with a commercial panel could identify patients with NSCLC who would benefit from ICI.

Patients And Methods: The molecular ctDNA response was evaluated as a predictor of radiographic tumor response and long-term survival benefit of ICI.

Novel subtype of mucopolysaccharidosis caused by arylsulfatase K (ARSK) deficiency.

Background: Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are monogenic metabolic disorders that significantly affect the skeleton. Eleven enzyme defects in the lysosomal degradation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have been assigned to the known MPS subtypes (I-IX). Arylsulfatase K (ARSK) is a recently characterised lysosomal hydrolase involved in GAG degradation that removes the 2-O-sulfate group from 2-sulfoglucuronate.

Attitudes toward osteopathic medicine scale: development and psychometrics.

Objective: To develop a valid and reliable instrument for measuring attitudes toward osteopathic medicine.

Methods: Participants included 5,669 first-year students from 33 U.S.