A pilot feasibility trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for insomnia in people with inflammatory bowel disease.

Objective: Poor sleep is common in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), associated with worse overall disease course and predominantly attributable to insomnia. While cognitive-behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is the recommended first-line treatment for chronic insomnia, it is untested in IBD. It is unclear if CBT-I will be as effective in this group given the extent of night-time symptoms people with IBD experience.

Hemoptysis in Pediatric Patients.

Hemoptysis is defined as the expectoration of blood or blood-tinged sputum. Blood-tinged sputum is a rare finding in the pediatric population. Finding the cause and treatment of the hemoptysis in pediatric patients is largely dependent on the history.

Extraversion, neuroticism, and the electrocortical response to monetary rewards in adolescent girls.

Affective personality traits, such as extraversion and neuroticism, are associated with individual differences in reward system functioning. The reward positivity (ΔRewP) is an event-related potential (ERP) component that indexes sensitivity to reward, and can be elicited by feedback indicating monetary gains relative to losses. In a sample of 508 adolescent girls, the current study examined the relationship between extraversion, neuroticism, and their respective facets and the ΔRewP.

Neural Response to Pleasant Pictures Moderates Prospective Relationship Between Stress and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescent Girls.

Adolescent girls are at increased risk for depression, which is thought to result from the interaction of biological vulnerabilities and life stressors common to adolescent girls. A blunted late positive potential (LPP) to emotional stimuli (i.e.

Unpredictability increases the error-related negativity in children and adolescents.

The error-related negativity (ERN) is a response-locked component in the event-related potential observed asa negative deflection 50-100ms following the commission of an error. An unpredictable context has been shown to potentiate amygdala activity, attentional bias toward threat, and the ERN in adults. However, it is unclear whether the impact of unpredictability on the ERN is also observed in children and adolescents.

Emotion regulation to idiographic stimuli: Testing the Autobiographical Emotion Regulation Task.

Mounting evidence suggests that the ability to regulate emotion is crucial for psychological well-being. However, one important limitation of prior emotion regulation studies is that they rely on standardized stimuli low in personal relevance. To address this limitation, the current study employed a novel event-related potential (ERP) paradigm designed to investigate the late positive potential (LPP) as a measure of emotional reactivity and regulation to idiographic stimuli in 49 young adults.

Reliability of the electrocortical response to gains and losses in the doors task.

The ability to differentiate between rewards and losses is critical for motivated action, and aberrant reward and loss processing has been associated with psychopathology. The reward positivity (RewP) and feedback negativity (FN) are ERPs elicited by monetary gains and losses, respectively, and are promising individual difference measures. However, few studies have reported on the psychometric properties of the RewP and FN-crucial characteristics necessary for valid individual difference measures.

Authoritarian parenting predicts reduced electrocortical response to observed adolescent offspring rewards.

Parenting styles are robust predictors of offspring outcomes, yet little is known about their neural underpinnings. In this study, 44 parent-adolescent dyads (Mage of adolescent = 12.9) completed a laboratory guessing task while EEG was continuously recorded.

Depression risk and electrocortical reactivity during self-referential emotional processing in 8 to 14 year-old girls.

Cognitive vulnerabilities, such as a negative self-referential processing bias, have been theorized to play a causal role in the development of depression. Indeed, depression is associated with the endorsement and recall of more negative and fewer positive emotional words (i.e.

Clinical Micro-Dose Studies to Explore the Human Pharmacokinetics of Four Selective Inhibitors of Human Nav1.7 Voltage-Dependent Sodium Channels.

Background: The emergence of genetic data linking Nav1.7 sodium channel over- and under- expression to human pain signalling has led to an interest in the treatment of chronic pain through inhibition of Nav1.7 channels.

A Potent, Selective, and Cell-Active Inhibitor of Human Type I Protein Arginine Methyltransferases.

Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) play a crucial role in a variety of biological processes. Overexpression of PRMTs has been implicated in various human diseases including cancer. Consequently, selective small-molecule inhibitors of PRMTs have been pursued by both academia and the pharmaceutical industry as chemical tools for testing biological and therapeutic hypotheses.

Personality and emotional processing: A relationship between extraversion and the late positive potential in adolescence.

Neuroticism and extraversion are multifaceted affective-laden personality traits that have been associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). Research and theory have argued that extraversion, and particularly its facet positive emotionality, is specific to MDD, while neuroticism is common across internalizing disorders. Converging evidence has suggested that MDD is associated with reduced engagement with emotional stimuli, but it remains unclear whether either extraversion, neuroticism, or both modulate reactivity to emotional cues.

Evaluation of group and individual change in a multidisciplinary pain management program.

Objectives: Systematic reviews have consistently shown that multidisciplinary interventions are more effective than waitlist and other unimodal active treatments for a range of chronic pain conditions. However, these group-based statistics fail to inform us whether these programs result in clinically meaningful improvement at the individual level. The current study examines group changes and individual responsiveness to a CBT-informed multidisciplinary chronic pain management program.

Pharmacokinetics, distribution, and metabolism of [14C]sunitinib in rats, monkeys, and humans.

Sunitinib is an oral multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma, imatinib-refractory gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. The current studies were conducted to characterize the pharmacokinetics, distribution, and metabolism of sunitinib after intravenous and/or oral administrations of [(14)C]sunitinib in rats (5 mg/kg i.v.

Serological evidence for infection with Campylobacter jejuni/coli in patients with multifocal motor neuropathy.

Campylobacter jejuni/coli (CJC) infection has been implicated in the immunopathogenesis of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN), and Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS). However, its role in chronic immune mediated neuropathies such as multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) or chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is less clear. Anti-ganglioside antibodies are associated with chronic motor neuropathies such as MMN and IgM anti-GM1, and IgM anti-asialo GM1 antibodies have been shown to cross-react with CJC lipopolysaccharides.

Model based on GRID-derived descriptors for estimating CYP3A4 enzyme stability of potential drug candidates.

A number of computational approaches are being proposed for an early optimization of ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) properties to increase the success rate in drug discovery. The present study describes the development of an in silico model able to estimate, from the three-dimensional structure of a molecule, the stability of a compound with respect to the human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 enzyme activity. Stability data were obtained by measuring the amount of unchanged compound remaining after a standardized incubation with human cDNA-expressed CYP3A4.

Epidemiology and host- and variety-dependent characteristics of infection due to Cryptococcus neoformans in Australia and New Zealand. Australasian Cryptococcal Study Group.

A prospective population-based study was conducted in Australia and New Zealand during 1994-1997 to elucidate the epidemiology of cryptococcosis due to Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans (CNVN) and C. neoformans var.

Alatrofloxacin-induced seizures during slow intravenous infusion.

Objective: To report a case of seizures associated with slow infusion (1-2 h) of alatrofloxacin, the prodrug of trovafloxacin.

Case Summary: A 37-year-old Asian man was admitted to the hospital for a distal pancreatectomy and drainage of a pseudocyst. Postoperative complications developed, which included peritonitis and pneumonia, requiring intensive care admission.

Fatal disseminated infection by Scedosporium prolificans during induction therapy for acute leukemia: a case report and literature review.

We report a case of fatal disseminated fungal infection by Scedosporium prolificans which occurred in a patient with acute leukemia during induction chemotherapy. Rapid clinical deterioration despite high-dose empirical amphotericin B highlights both the pathogenicity of this fungus in immunocompromised hosts and its resistance to standard antifungal therapy.

Tuberculosis infection and homelessness in Melbourne, Australia, 1995-1996.

Objective: To describe tuberculosis infection among persons experiencing homelessness in inner Melbourne, Australia.

Design: Homeless people were surveyed during late 1995 and early 1996. In stage one of the study 284 homeless people from crisis and long-term accommodation sites were recruited by means of stratified, systematic, random sampling.

Serum antibody response to Cryptococcus neoformans in cats, dogs and koalas with and without active infection.

Anti-cryptococcal antibodies were measured in normal cats, dogs, horses and koalas, and cats, dogs and koalas with cryptococcosis using an enzyme immunoassay. Antibody levels were expressed as absorbance readings. Over 80% of cats and dogs with cryptococcal infection had elevated antibody levels at the time of diagnosis, during or after successful therapy.

A methodology for sampling and accessing homeless individuals in Melbourne, 1995-96.

A methodology for sampling homeless populations in inner Melbourne was developed to study their health status and prevalence of tuberculosis. This paper describes the design, development and implementation of the project. The results of health status and tuberculosis analysis are published elsewhere.

Health indicators and risks among people experiencing homelessness in Melbourne, 1995-1996.

During the study's first stage, 284 homeless people from crisis and long-term accommodation sites were surveyed using stratified, systematic sampling. The second stage involved a survey of a convenience sample of 100 homeless people from squats and the streets. Participants completed a questionnaire, Mantoux testing was performed and blood taken for gamma-interferon assay, liver and renal function tests.