Chronic Unilateral Headache Related to Scar Neuromas.

Postcraniotomy and posttraumatic headaches can result in scars generating local pain or referred pain following a neuropathic pattern. One hypothesis is that the pain can be caused and maintained by scar neuromas, developed after the nerve injury during the surgical process or trauma. This study reports two patients with chronic unilateral headaches: the first one with a posttraumatic scar in the parietal region and the other with a postsurgical scar in the mastoid region.

A new biofeedback approach for the control of awake bruxism and chronic migraine headache: utilization of an awake posterior interocclusal device.

Background: The relationship of bidirectional comorbidity between chronic migraine and pain in the cephalic segment led us to evaluate the improvement in reducing the pain in patients diagnosed with chronic migraine headache and awake bruxism, when undergoing treatment with a partial posterior interocclusal device designed for the management and control of awake bruxism through biofeedback.

Methods: Seventy-four patients were evaluated during the following periods: pretreatment, seven, thirty, ninety, one hundred and eighty days, and one year. The evaluation was carried out by measuring the pain in the pretreatment period and pain reduction after awake bruxism treatment, using clinical evaluation and numerical scales for pain.

Anatomic and neuropsychological findings in low-educated cognitively intact elderly from a Brazilian cohort.

Unlabelled: In elderly individuals, low educational level may represent a risk factor for the development of dementia and a proxy of cognitive reserve.

Objective: This study examined the cognitive and neuroanatomic correlates of high versus low educational levels in cognitively healthy community-dwelling older adults in Brazil.

Methods: Fifty-three older adults (mean age: 68±5.

Analysis of Head Posture and Activation of the Cervical Neck Extensors During a Low-Load Task in Women With Chronic Migraine and Healthy Participants.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between head and neck posture and superficial neck flexor and extensor activity during performance of the craniocervical flexion test (CCFT) in women with migraine and healthy controls.

Methods: Fifty-two women with episodic migraine, 16 with chronic migraine, and 23 healthy controls participated. Head and neck posture were determined by assessing the craniovertebral (CV) angle and cervical lordosis angle.

Analysis of the cranio-cervical curvatures in subjects with migraine with and without neck pain.

Objective: To investigate the differences in head and cervical spine alignment between subjects with migraine and healthy people.

Design: A cross-sectional, observational study.

Participants: Fifty subjects with migraine and 50 matched healthy controls.

Musculoskeletal disorders of the upper cervical spine in women with episodic or chronic migraine.

Background: The role of musculoskeletal disorders of the cervical spine in migraine is under debate.

Aim: To investigate differences in musculoskeletal impairments of the neck including active global and upper cervical spine mobility, the presence of symptomatic upper cervical spine joints, cervicocephalic kinesthesia and head/neck posture between women with episodic migraine, chronic migraine, and controls.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Relationship Between Active Trigger Points and Head/Neck Posture in Patients with Migraine.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the presence of active trigger points (TrPs), craniocervical posture, and clinical features (frequency, intensity, and duration) in patients with migraine.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Methods: Fifty patients with migraine (90% women; age, 34.

Active Trigger Points in the Cervical Musculature Determine the Altered Activation of Superficial Neck and Extensor Muscles in Women With Migraine.

Objective: Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of active trigger points (TrPs) in women with migraine reproducing their headache attacks. No study has investigated whether these TrPs can alter cervical muscle function in migraine. Our objective was to analyze differences in the activation of superficial neck flexor and extensor muscles in women with migraine considering the presence of active TrPs in the splenius capitis (SC), the upper trapezius (UT), and the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles.

Myofascial Trigger Points and Migraine-related Disability in Women With Episodic and Chronic Migraine.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in the presence of head and neck-shoulder trigger points (TrPs) between women with episodic or chronic migraine and their association with migraine-related disability.

Materials And Methods: One hundred forty-three women, aged 18 to 60 years, with migraine were recruited to participate in this study. Migraine-related disability was evaluated with the Migraine Disability Assessment Questionnaire.

Recommendations for the treatment of migraine attacks - a Brazilian consensus.

In this article, a group of experts in headache management of the Brazilian Headache Society developed through a consensus strategic measurements to treat a migraine attack in both the child and the adult. Particular emphasis was laid on the treatment of migraine in women, including at pregnancy, lactation and perimenstrual period.

Cervico-occipital Posture in Women With Migraine: A Case-Control Study.

Study Design: Case-control study.

Background: Previous studies have assessed forward head posture in patients with migraine using photographs. To date, no study has compared postural differences using both radiographs and photographs.

Concomitant Migraine and Temporomandibular Disorders are Associated With Higher Heat Pain Hyperalgesia and Cephalic Cutaneous Allodynia.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess differences in the levels of hyperalgesia and cutaneous allodynia (CA) among women with migraine, temporomandibular disorders (TMD), or both.

Materials And Methods: Eighty women participated in the study. Mean ages for the control group, TMD group, migraine group, and migraine+TMD group were 26.

Additional Effects of a Physical Therapy Protocol on Headache Frequency, Pressure Pain Threshold, and Improvement Perception in Patients With Migraine and Associated Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To evaluate the additional effect provided by physical therapy in migraine treatment.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Tertiary university-based hospital.

Headache Attributed to Masticatory Myofascial Pain: Clinical Features and Management Outcomes.

Aims: To describe the characteristics of headaches attributed to temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and assess the effects of two management strategies used for the management of TMD on headache intensity and frequency.

Methods: The initial sample (n=60) of this randomized controlled trial comprised patients with masticatory myofascial pain according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD), and headache. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 received only counseling for behavioral changes, and group 2 received counseling and an occlusal appliance.

Headache attributed to masticatory myofascial pain: impact on facial pain and pressure pain threshold.

There is no clear evidence on how a headache attributed to temporomandibular disorder (TMD) can hinder the improvement of facial pain and masticatory muscle pain. The aim of this study was to measure the impact of a TMD-attributed headache on masticatory myofascial (MMF) pain management. The sample was comprised of adults with MMF pain measured according to the revised research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (RDC/TMD) and additionally diagnosed with (Group 1, n = 17) or without (Group 2, n = 20) a TMD-attributed headache.

Study of the use of analgesics by patients with headache at a specialized outpatient clinic (ACEF).

Objective: To evaluate the use of analgesics in headache diagnosed in Outpatients Headache Clinic (ACEF), as well as his involvement in the activities of the patients.

Method: 145 patients with headache seen at ACEF during the period August/July 2009/2010 underwent a questionnaire and interview with neurologist responsible for the final diagnosis according to ICHD-II.

Results: Relationship Women:Men 7:1.

Epidemiology of chronic pain in the office of a pain specialist neurologist.

Objective: The objective of the present report was to describe the working experience of a pain specialist neurologist after concluding a medical residency program on neurology, area of concentration pain.

Method: A retrospective study was conducted for one year in the office of a pain specialist neurologist. Patients older than 18 years with chronic pain according to the criteria of the International Association for the Study of Pain, were included.

Nerve block for the treatment of headaches and cranial neuralgias - a practical approach.

Background: Several studies have presented evidence that blocking peripheral nerves is effective for the treatment of some headaches and cranial neuralgias, resulting in reduction of the frequency, intensity, and duration of pain.

Objectives: In this article we describe the role of nerve block in the treatment of headaches and cranial neuralgias, and the experience of a tertiary headache center regarding this issue. We also report the anatomical landmarks, techniques, materials used, contraindications, and side effects of peripheral nerve block, as well as the mechanisms of action of lidocaine and dexamethasone.

Temporomandibular dysfunction and headache disorder.

It has been well established that primary headaches (especially migraine, chronic migraine, and tension-type headache) and temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) are comorbid diseases, with the presence of one of them in a patient increasing the prevalence of the others. The relationship between the 2 diseases may involve the sharing of common physiopathological aspects. Studies about the treatment of this disease association have shown that a simultaneous therapeutic approach to the 2 diseases is more effective than the separate treatment of each.

Body posture changes in women with migraine with or without temporomandibular disorders.

Background: Migraine and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are reported to be associated. However, there are no reports on the association among migraines, TMDs and changes in body posture.

Objectives: To assess changes in body posture in women suffering migraines with or without TMD compared with a control group.

A comparison pressure pain threshold in pericranial and extracephalic regions in children with migraine.

Background: There is evidence that the pressure pain threshold (PPT) is reduced in children with migraine and that it varies according to age, sex, and region of the body. However, in view of the lack of consensus in the literature, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the PPT in children with migraine of both genders aged 6-12 years.

Methods: Fifty children with migraine without aura and 50 children without headache were studied.

Quality of life and health-related disability in children with migraine.

Objective: To determine whether migraine interferes with health-related quality of life (HRQL) and the degree of disability caused by this condition in the daily life of children of both genders aged 6-12 years.

Background: Migraine is a chronic disease with recurrent symptoms that lead to a reduction of daily activity during the crises and during the intercritical periods, with an impact on HRQL.

Methods: The sample consisted of 50 children with migraine without aura being treated at a childhood headache outpatient clinic (study group) and 50 children with no history of headache selected at a pediatric outpatient clinic (control group).

Prevalence of restless legs syndrome in patients with chronic pain in Maputo, Mozambique.

Objectives: Because there is only one study to our knowledge on the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in sub-Saharan Africa and RLS is more common in patients with some pain syndromes, we aimed to determine the prevalence of RLS in a population with chronic pain in Maputo, Mozambique.

Methods: Our study was conducted in the Pain Unit of the Central Hospital of Maputo, Mozambique. Patients were individually interviewed by a neurologist, and only those fulfilling the criteria were included.