Bullous Pemphigoid as an Adverse Reaction to Pembrolizumab: Two Case Reports.

Checkpoint inhibitors are novel and promising treatment options for different types of cancer. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors, such as pembrolizumab, have been shown to significantly raise the survival rates of disseminated malignant melanoma (MM). Autoimmune adverse reactions are very common in checkpoint inhibitors.

A Case of Therapy-Resistant Folliculitis due to Adrenal Insufficiency?

A report on a 40-year-old patient with recalcitrant, suppurative folliculitis is presented. After years of unsuccessful treatment with conventional therapies, the patient was diagnosed with adrenal insufficiency with a low level of circulating cortisol. A few weeks after the patient was subjected to substitution therapy with hydrocortisone, his folliculitis resolved.

The Danish Melanoma Database.

Aim Of Database: The aim of the database is to monitor and improve the treatment and survival of melanoma patients.

Study Population: All Danish patients with cutaneous melanoma and in situ melanomas must be registered in the Danish Melanoma Database (DMD). In 2014, 2,525 patients with invasive melanoma and 780 with in situ tumors were registered.

Automated quantification of Ki67/MART1 stains may prevent false-negative melanoma diagnoses.

Background: Inability to distinguish melanomas from benign nevi is the most frequent reason for malpractice lawsuits in surgical pathology. Reliable diagnostic tools to support hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stains and induce diagnostic vigilance are thus highly needed. Because high diagnostic performance recently was showed using automated image analysis, the immunohistochemical proliferation marker Ki67 seems a potential candidate.

Large eccrine angiomatous hamartoma: a novel clinical presentation of disease.

Background: Eccrine angiomatous hamartoma is a rare benign cutaneous malformation with a diverse clinical appearance, therefore likely to be misdiagnosed and underreported.

Main Observations: A 44-year-old man presented with a congenital erythematous hyperhidrotic plaque on the left upper back measuring 18 x 25 cm. No pain or tenderness nor hypertrichosis were observed.

A STAT1-gain-of-function mutation causing Th17 deficiency with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, psoriasiform hyperkeratosis and dermatophytosis.

During recent years, inborn errors of human IL-17 immunity have been demonstrated to underlie primary immunodeficiencies with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC). Various defects in receptors responsible for sensing of Candida albicans or downstream signalling to IL-17 may lead to susceptibility to Candida infection. While CMC is common in patients with profound T cell immunodeficiencies, CMC is also recognised as part of other immunodeficiencies in syndromic CMC, or as relatively isolated CMC disease.

Automated quantification of MART1-verified Ki-67 indices: useful diagnostic aid in melanocytic lesions.

The MART1-verified Ki-67 proliferation index is a valuable aid to distinguish melanomas from nevi. Because such indices are quantifiable by image analysis, they may provide a novel automated diagnostic aid. This study aimed to validate the diagnostic performance of automated dermal Ki-67 indices and to explore the diagnostic capability of epidermal Ki-67 in lesions both with and without a dermal component.

Treatment influencing down-staging in EORTC Melanoma Group sentinel node histological protocol compared with complete step-sectioning: a national multicentre study.

Aim: Metastasis size in melanoma sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) is an emerging prognostic factor. Two European melanoma treatment trials include SLN metastasis diameters as inclusion criteria. Whilst diameter estimates are sensitive to the number of sections examined, the level of this bias is largely unknown.

Dermatofibroma with intracytoplasmic eosinophilic globules: an unusual phenomenon.

Dermatofibroma (DF) is a very common lesion of the skin and presents in many guises that might cause problems in differential diagnosis. We present a new curiosity: a DF with intracytoplasmic eosinophilic globules.

Brachioradial pruritus.

Twenty-one patients seen in a temperate climate who had a clinical diagnosis of brachioradial pruritus are presented. The history and clinical manifestations of the patients indicate that the symptoms were neuralgiform and caused by cumulative sun exposure.

Dysplastic naevus: histological criteria and their inter-observer reproducibility.

Forty melanocytic lesions were examined in a pilot study, which was followed by a final series of 100 consecutive melanocytic lesions, in order to evaluate the inter-observer reproducibility of the histological criteria proposed for the dysplastic naevus. The specimens were examined in a blind fashion by four observers. Analysis by kappa statistics showed poor reproducibility of nuclear features, while reproducibility of architectural features was acceptable, improving in the final series.

Promotion pattern and tumour types in two-stage rat skin carcinogenesis.

Carcinogenic studies were performed on the skin of inbred male Lister rats using 7,12-dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene (DMBA) in low doses (2.5 mg and 5.0 mg), followed by promotion with croton oil (CO) in one half of the animals.

[Basocellular carcinoma of the skin with metastases to lymph glands and the parotid].

Metastases from basocellular carcinomata in the skin are extremely rare. A case of recurrent basocellular in the skin with regional lymph gland metastases and metastases to the parotid gland is presented. The clinically common features in metastasizing basocellular carcinoma are emphasized.

Benign cystic monodermal teratoma of neurogenic type.

We report a case of a benign monodermal cystic teratoma in a 19-year-old woman. The tumor was purely neurogenic, containing glial tissue, ganglionic cells, melanotic cells, and choroid plexus. The cyst tumour is the first of its kind described in the literature.

Stereological estimation of nuclear volume and other quantitative histopathological parameters in the prognostic evaluation of supraglottic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

The aim of this study was to investigate various approaches to the grading of malignancy in pre-treatment biopsies from patients with supraglottic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. The prospects of objective malignancy grading based on stereological estimation of the volume-weighted mean nuclear volume, nuclear Vv, and nuclear volume fraction, Vv(nuc/tis), along with morphometrical 2-dimensional estimation of nuclear density index, NI, and mitotic activity index, MI, were investigated and compared with the current morphological, multifactorial grading system. The reproducibility among two observers of the latter was poor in the material which consisted of 35 biopsy specimens.

[Laryngeal oncocytoid changes--hyperplasia or neoplasia?].

It is suggested that oncocytoid changes in glandular tissue represent a continuum in the development from metaplasia via increasing hyperplasia to neoplasia. This theory, which is supported in the literature, is based on three of the authors' own cases of oncocytoid changes in the larynx. The significance of differentiating between hyperplasia and neoplasia is emphasized as the neoplastic changes such as the oncocytoid papillary cystadenoma should be extirpated radically in order to avoid recurrence.

[Obstruction of the larynx caused by an oncocytic papillary cystadenoma].

A case of oncocytic papillary cystadenoma in the larynx in an elderly woman forms the basis for a discussion of the causes of, the symptoms and diagnosis of chronic obstructive conditions of the upper respiratory tract.

The influence of epidermal thickness on transcutaneous oxygen pressure measurements in normal persons.

Transcutaneous oxygen pressure measurements (TcPO2) were performed in ten healthy men (age 30.6 years, range 28-35) in six regions: anterolaterally 10 cm below and above the knee on both legs, 5 cm laterally to umbilicus and on the inside of the left humerus, which was subsequently biopsied for measurements of epidermal thickness from the basal lamina to the uppermost layer of stratum granulosum. Transcutaneous oxygen pressure was on average 70 mmHg (range 42-88 mmHg), and that of epidermal thickness 70 microns (range 43-120 microns).

Cystic juvenile granulosa cell tumor of the ovary.

Sex cord-stromal tumors comprise approximately 5% of ovarian neoplasms and among these the granulosa cell tumor is the one most commonly seen (1). Two histopathologically well defined patterns of granulosa cell tumor are known: the common adult granulosa cell tumor (AGCT), and the less frequent juvenile granulosa cell tumor (JGCT) (1, 2, 3, 4). In addition to morphological variation, the two tumor types differ in prognosis and clinical course (4, 5, 6, 7, 8).

Severe persistent cerebellar dysfunction complicating cytosine arabinoside therapy.

A case of persistent cerebellar dysfunction following high-dose cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia is reported. The symptoms developed after a cumulative dose of 24 g/m2, and 6 months after the start of symptoms, the signs of cerebellar damage were unchanged. The symptoms aggravated during a subsequent low-dose therapy with Ara-C, 15 mg twice daily.

Leiomyomatosis of the colon and mesentery: report of a case.

A case of leiomyomatosis of the colon and mesentery in a 35-yr-old man with several noninvalidating congenital malformations and multiple intracranial meningiomas is presented. The leiomyomatosis had been asymptomatic until 2 months before death, even though the lesions suggest a congenital disorder affecting the musculature of the bowel wall.

Epithelial atypia in ovarian mucinous cystadenoma during the puerperium.

A papillary mucinous cystadenoma of the ovary with unique benign epithelial atypia is presented. The tumor was removed from a 33-year-old puerperal woman. Morphologically, the lining epithelium of the cystadenoma strikingly resembled the so-called Arias-Stella reaction of the endometrial epithelium, a benign cellular atypia produced by chorionic tissue during pregnancy.

Candida chorioamnionitis and intra-uterine contraceptive device.

In spite of the very common occurrence of vaginal candidiasis in pregnant women (1), the uterus is seldom affected. There are few reports in the literature of intrauterine infection. The present paper presents a case of placental and fetal candidiasis in association with the presence of an intra-uterine contraceptive device (IUD).