Investigating Task Persistence in Preschool Children With Developmental Language Disorder.

Purpose: The present study was designed to investigate persistence in preschool children with developmental language disorder (DLD) compared to similar-age peers with typical language (TL) on tasks designed to be moderately challenging, yet equivalent in difficulty for both groups.

Method: Sixteen preschool-age children with DLD were matched to 16 children with TL based on chronological age, biological sex, and maternal education. The children completed two play-based tasks that were designed to elicit some success but impossible to complete.

The perceived guilt and innocence of adults with developmental language disorder and adults with typical language during a mock interrogation.

Purpose: This study examined if there were differences in the guilty and not guilty judgments of adults with developmental language disorder (DLD) and those with typical language (TL) functioning.

Method: Twenty-four adults (12 DLD, 12 TL) were assigned to either the guilty or not guilty conditions. Those in the guilty condition engaged in a mock crime while those in the not guilty condition were informed that a crime had been committed.

Clonal hematopoiesis and inflammation in the vasculature: CHIVE, a prospective, longitudinal clonal hematopoiesis cohort and biorepository.

Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is an age-associated phenomenon leading to an increased risk of both hematologic malignancy and nonmalignant organ dysfunction. Increasingly available genetic testing has made the incidental discovery of CH clinically common yet evidence-based guidelines and effective management strategies to prevent adverse CH health outcomes are lacking. To address this gap, the prospective CHIVE (clonal hematopoiesis and inflammation in the vasculature) registry and biorepository was created to identify and monitor individuals at risk, support multidisciplinary CH clinics, and refine taxonomy and standards of practice for CH risk mitigation.

Cost-Effective and Scalable Clonal Hematopoiesis Assay Provides Insight into Clonal Dynamics.

Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is a common age-related phenomenon in which hematopoietic stem cells acquire mutations in a select set of genes commonly mutated in myeloid neoplasia which then expand clonally. Current sequencing assays to detect CHIP mutations are not optimized for the detection of these variants and can be cost-prohibitive when applied to large cohorts or to serial sequencing. In this study, an affordable (approximately US $8 per sample), accurate, and scalable sequencing assay for CHIP is introduced and validated.

Driver mutation zygosity is a critical factor in predicting clonal hematopoiesis transformation risk.

Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) can be caused by either single gene mutations (eg point mutations in JAK2 causing CHIP) or mosaic chromosomal alterations (e.g., loss of heterozygosity at chromosome 9p).

Cost-effective and scalable clonal hematopoiesis assay provides insight into clonal dynamics.

Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is a common age-related phenomenon that occurs when hematopoietic stem cells acquire mutations in a select set of genes commonly mutated in myeloid neoplasia which then expand clonally. Current sequencing assays to detect CHIP are not optimized for the detection of these variants and can be cost-prohibitive when applied to large cohorts or serial sequencing. Here, we present and validate a CHIP targeted sequencing assay that is affordable (∼$8/sample), accurate and highly scalable.

Does Movement Contextually Cue Attention During Novel Word Exposure? A Comparison of Preschool Children With Developmental Language Disorder and With Typical Language.

Purpose: This study investigated the attentional tendencies of preschool children with developmental language disorder (DLD) and their typical language (TL) peers during a word learning task to examine what visual properties of novel objects capture their attention.

Method: Twelve children with DLD and 12 children with TL completed a novel name extension task in which they selected which of three visual characteristics of referent objects (i.e.

Language is a critical mediator of autistic experiences within the criminal justice system.

Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by social communication challenges and restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests, but also by highly heterogeneous language skills. The recent International Society of Autism Research (INSAR) policy statement, Autism and the Criminal Justice System: Policy opportunities and challenges (INSAR, 2022), aims to prevent, reduce, and improve interactions between autistic individuals and the criminal justice system. This policy statement provides a foundation for considering how to include language in these important aims.

Exploring the Impact of Experiences with Everyday and Major Discrimination and HIV-Related Stigma on Engagement in HIV Care Among Older African Americans Living with HIV.

Objectives: The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the effect of HIV-related stigma and everyday major experiences of discrimination on medication and clinic visit adherence among older African Americans living with HIV in Ohio.

Methods: We collected data from 53 individuals who were living with HIV in Ohio, ≥ 50 years of age, and who identified as Black or African American. We conducted logistic regression models to examine the impact of HIV-related stigma and experiences of discrimination on medication and visit adherence.

Patient-specific comorbidities as prognostic variables for survival in myelofibrosis.

Treatment decisions in primary myelofibrosis (PMF) are guided by numerous prognostic systems. Patient-specific comorbidities have influence on treatment-related survival and are considered in clinical contexts but have not been routinely incorporated into current prognostic models. We hypothesized that patient-specific comorbidities would inform prognosis and could be incorporated into a quantitative score.

Southeastern United States Predictors of COVID-19 in Nursing Homes.

This study's aim was to determine nursing home (NH) and county-level predictors of COVID-19 outbreaks in nursing homes (NHs) in the southeastern region of the United States across three time periods. NH-level data compiled from census data and from NH compare and NH COVID-19 infection datasets provided by the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services cover 2951 NHs located in 836 counties in nine states. A generalized linear mixed-effect model with a random effect was applied to significant factors identified in the final stepwise regression.

High burden of clonal hematopoiesis in first responders exposed to the World Trade Center disaster.

The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center (WTC) created an unprecedented environmental exposure to aerosolized dust, gases and potential carcinogens. Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is defined as the acquisition of somatic mutations in blood cells and is associated with smoking and exposure to genotoxic stimuli. Here we show that deep targeted sequencing of blood samples identified a significantly higher proportion of WTC-exposed first responders with CH (10%; 48 out of 481) when compared with non-WTC-exposed firefighters (6.

County-Level Social Determinants of Health and COVID-19 in Nursing Homes, United States, June 1, 2020-January 31, 2021.

Objectives: Nursing homes are a primary setting of COVID-19 transmission and death, but research has primarily focused only on factors within nursing homes. We investigated the relationship between US nursing home-associated COVID-19 infection rates and county-level and nursing home attributes.

Methods: We constructed panel data from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) minimum dataset, CMS nursing home data, 2010 US Census data, 5-year (2012-2016) American Community Survey estimates, and county COVID-19 infection rates.

Attentional shifting in children with developmental language disorder: A meta-analysis.

Purpose: A meta-analysis investigating attentional shifting in children with developmental language disorder (DLD) was conducted. Task type, participant age, and dependent variable metric were examined as significant moderators.

Method: A systematic literature review identified 20 studies that met the following inclusionary criteria:(a) were published between 1994-2018; (b) included children with DLD aged 3;00 to 17;11 years; and (c) used behavioral performance-based measures of attentional shifting.

Examining the Relationship Between the Readability and Comprehensibility of Practice Test Questions and Failure Rates on Learner's Permit Knowledge Tests.

Purpose The readability and comprehensibility of Learner's Permit Knowledge Test practice questions and the relationship with test failure rates across states and the District of Columbia were examined. Method Failure rates were obtained from department representatives. Practice test questions were extracted from drivers' manuals and department websites and examined for readability using Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level and comprehensibility using Question Understanding Aid.

Mapping community-level determinants of COVID-19 transmission in nursing homes: A multi-scale approach.

Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic have disproportionately affected older adults and residents in nursing homes. Although emerging research has identified place-based risk factors for the general population, little research has been conducted for nursing home populations. This GIS-based spatial modeling study aimed to determine the association between nursing home-level metrics and county-level, place-based variables with COVID-19 confirmed cases in nursing homes across the United States.

The evolving role of next generation sequencing in myelodysplastic syndromes.

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal haematological disorders characterized by haematopoietic cell dysplasia, peripheral blood cytopenias, and a predisposition for developing acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Cytogenetics have historically been important in diagnosis and prognosis in MDS, but the growing accessibility of next generation sequencing (NGS) has led to growing research in the roles of molecular genetic variation on clinical decision-making in these disorders. Multiple genes have been previously studied and found to be associated with specific outcomes or disease types within MDS and knowledge of mutations in these genes provides insight into previously defined MDS subtypes.

Sandwich analytics: A dataset comprising one year's weekly sales data correlated with crime, demographics, and weather.

Data collected from a quick-serve sandwich chain over one year provide an opportunity to study market, sociographic, meteorologic, and other factors impacting sales and sales forecasting. The weekly sales table contains over 79,000 rows which each represent summary statistics for the sales of an individual menu item in one store during one week of the year. The data were collected from the point-of-sale system of 10 stores.

You have the right to remain silent: The ability of adolescents with developmental language disorder to understand their legal rights.

Purpose: This study compared Miranda Rights comprehension of adolescents with developmental language disorder (DLD) and their typically developing (TD) peers.

Method: Instruments for Assessing Understanding and Appreciation of Miranda Rights (Grisso, 1998) was administered to 20 adolescents with DLD and 20 age-matched TD peers.

Results: The DLD group exhibited significantly greater difficulty in understanding and appreciating Miranda Rights than their TD peers.

The Impact of Manipulating Attentional Shifting Demands on Preschool Children With Specific Language Impairment.

Purpose This study investigated attentional shifting in preschool children with specific language impairment (SLI) compared to their typically developing peers. Children's attentional shifting capacity was assessed by varying attentional demands. Method Twenty-five preschool children with SLI and 25 age-matched, typically developing controls participated.

The inherent risks associated with newly traded biopharmaceutical firms.

Here, we provide a comprehensive study related to the risks of all biopharmaceutical firms going public in the USA between 1996 and 2015. We found 355 firms that met our requirements for being in the sector that focuses on creating drugs for humans. Collectively, these firms spent approximately US$86.

Which Preschool Children With Specific Language Impairment Receive Language Intervention?

Purpose: Potential biases in service provision for preschool children with specific language impairment (SLI) were explored.

Method: In Study 1, children with SLI receiving treatment (SLI-T) and those with SLI not receiving treatment (SLI-NT) were compared on demographic characteristics and developmental abilities. Study 2 recruited children with articulation disorders receiving treatment (ARTIC-T) to determine if knowing service provision status influenced the results of Study 1.

Health Belief Model Offers Opportunities for Designing Weight Management Interventions for College Students.

Objective: Identify weight-related beliefs of college students and test the predictive power of the Health Belief Model for body mass index (BMI).

Design: Cross-sectional online survey with beliefs measured on 5-point scales.

Setting: University in North Carolina.

Predicting adverse events in patients undergoing hepatectomy-validation of preoperative nomogram and risk score.

Background/purpose: Much research exists on preoperative measures of postoperative mortality in the surgical treatment of liver malignancies, but little on morbidity, a more common outcome. This study aims (i) to validate the published calculations as acceptable measures of postoperative mortality and (ii) to assess the value of these published measures in predicting postoperative morbidity.

Methods: Data were collected from a prospectively managed dataset of 1059 hepatectomies performed in Louisville, Kentucky from December 1990 to April 2014.

Do Adolescents With Specific Language Impairment Understand Driving Terminology?

Purpose: This study examined if adolescents with specific language impairment (SLI) understand driving vocabulary as well as their typically developing (TD) peers.

Method: A total of 16 adolescents with SLI and 16 TD comparison adolescents completed a receptive vocabulary task focused on driving terminology derived from statewide driver's manuals.

Results: The SLI group understood fewer driving-related terms when compared with the TD comparison group.