Comparison of the weight of conventionally heat-processed hollow and solid obturators and 3D printed hollow obturators.

Statement Of Problem: The weight of larger obturators places increased stress on the supportive teeth and bearing tissue and allows gravity to act as a dislodging factor affecting the stability and retention of the prosthesis. However, whether conventionally processed and 3-dimensionally (3D) printed hollow obturators have similar reduced weights compared with solid obturators is unclear.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the weight difference between conventionally heat-processed complete denture obturators with and without hollowing and 3D printed obturators with a hollow bulb.

Orbital Exenteration and Brachytherapy for the Treatment of Pediatric, Fusion-positive, Recurrent Rhabdomyosarcoma.

A 20-month-old boy presented with biopsy-proven recurrent alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma without metastasis. He was previously treated with multiagent chemotherapy and external beam irradiation showing a complete response. Upon relapse, he was treated with chemotherapy, orbital exenteration, and brachytherapy.

Comment on "Critical wind speed at which trees break".

Virot et al. [E. Virot et al.

Impact of age and gender on tumor related prognosis in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST).

Background: Risk classification and prediction of prognosis in GIST is still a matter of debate. Data on the impact of age and gender as potential confounding factors are limited. Therefore we comprehensively investigated age and gender as independent risk factors for GIST.

Frequency and clinicopathological features of fibroelastotic changes in the gastrointestinal tract.

Fibroelastotic changes (FEC) and especially elastotic polyps of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are considered rare benign lesions. They consist of accumulations of elastic fibers within the mucosal, submucosal, or muscular layer, occurring in all parts of the GI tract and often appearing as polyps, but also as diffuse non-polyp-forming deposits. They have been the subject of only a few studies.

Karl-Friedrich Fischbach's first publications and their impact in the biological sciences.

Predictions from the theory of transfection, Karl-Friedrich Fischbach's first paper, were confirmed 20 years later. Also a model, proposed already in 1977 by Karl-Friedrich and colleagues, to explain the nonmonotonous dependence on light intensity of phototaxis in Drosophila, finds support in recent studies of functional neuroanatomy.

Oscillation damping in trees.

Oscillation damping is of vital importance for trees to withstand strong gusty winds. Tree adaptation to wind loading takes place over a long time and during a storm only passive damping mechanisms can reduce the impact of the wind on trunk and roots. Structural damping, a phenomenon, which is associated with the conspicuous movements of the branches relative to the trunk is of particular importance.

Methylene blue-assisted lymph node dissection technique is not associated with an increased detection of lymph node metastases in colorectal cancer.

Lymph node staging is of paramount importance for prognosis estimation and therapy stratification in colorectal cancer. A high number of harvested lymph nodes is associated with an improved outcome. Methylene blue-assisted lymph node dissection effectively improves the lymph node harvest and ensures sufficient staging.

Modes of failure in tubular plant organs.

Premise Of Study: Hollow tubular organs can bend and deform in one of two ways, i.e., either globally in long-wave deformation or locally in short-wave deformation (i.

Prognostic significance of histologically detected lymph node micrometastases of sizes between 0.2 and 2 mm in colorectal cancer.

Purpose: Minimal lymph node involvement is a potential prognostic factor in colorectal cancer. The International Union Against Cancer defined tumour deposits between 0.2 and 2 mm as micrometastases and clusters and single-cell infiltrations below this cutoff as isolated tumour cells.

The clinical significance of lymph node size in colon cancer.

To date, the clinical value of lymph node size in colon cancer has been investigated only in a few studies. Only in radiological diagnosis is lymph node size routinely recognized, and nodes ≥10 mm in diameter are considered pathologic. However, the few studies regarding this topic suggest that lymph node size is not a reliable indicator of metastatic disease.

Mechanical properties of wood disproportionately increase with increasing density.

Premise Of Study: Prior work using a large data set has shown that the mechanical properties of wood disproportionately increase with increasing wood density across diverse species, e.g., stems composed of denser wood are stiffer and stronger than stems with equivalent cross-sections composed of less dense wood.

Worldwide correlations of mechanical properties and green wood density.

Premise Of The Study: The density of wood is highly correlated with the ability of stems and roots to resist bending or twisting, which is important for evaluating the mechanical behavior of trees. It also provides a measure of carbon storage, which is an important variable in modeling ecosystem processes and tree construction costs. However, most measurements of the density and mechanical properties of wood have little direct bearing on understanding the biomechanics of living plants because they are based on kiln- or air-dried samples.

Combination of ex vivo sentinel lymph node mapping and methylene blue-assisted lymph node dissection in gastric cancer: a prospective and randomized study.

Background: Exact lymph node (LN) staging is crucial for prognosis estimation and treatment stratification in gastric cancer. Recently, a new concept for improving LN harvest and the accuracy of LN staging was introduced. It combines methylene blue-assisted lymph node dissection (MBLND) with a new ex vivo sentinel lymph node (evSLN) mapping technique.

Tumour budding, uPA and PAI-1 are associated with aggressive behaviour in colon cancer.

Aims: The proteases PAI-1 and uPA play a major role in extracellular matrix degradation, which facilitates tumour progression. Tumour budding is a histomorphological expression of enhanced tumour cell migration.

Materials And Methods: To investigate their prognostic value for and correlation with colon cancer, a prospective study was performed.

Cyclin H expression is increased in GIST with very-high risk of malignancy.

Background: Risk estimation of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) is based on tumour size and mitotic rate according to the National Institutes of Health consensus classification. The indication for adjuvant treatment of patients with high risk GIST after R0 resection with small molecule inhibitors is still a controversial issue, since these patients represent a highly heterogeneous population. Therefore, additional prognostic indicators are needed.

Shift from cytoplasmic to nuclear maspin expression correlates with shorter overall survival in node-negative colorectal cancer.

Maspin has been characterized as a potent tumor suppressor in many in vitro and in vivo studies. In contrast, in stage III colon cancer, an association with shorter overall survival as well as sensitivity to chemotherapy was found for cases with nuclear maspin expression. Because 20% of node-negative colorectal cancer cases show a fatal clinical course, we hypothesized that immunohistochemical maspin expression could be of help to identify higher-risk cases.

A new concept for the role of ex vivo sentinel lymph nodes in node-negative colorectal cancer.

Background: We recently introduced ex vivo, intra-arterial methylene blue injection as a simple method to improve the lymph node (LN) harvest in gastrointestinal cancer. We now combined it with a novel ex vivo sentinel lymph node (evSLN) mapping technique.

Methods: evSLN mapping was performed by subserosal (n = 20) or submucosal (n = 30) India ink injection.

Sentinel lymph node mapping as a side-effect of colonoscopic tattooing.

Background: Correct tumor localization is crucial for proper surgical therapy in colorectal cancer. Intraoperative visualization of the lesion is facilitated by preoperative colonoscopic tattooing, regardless of whether an open or laparoscopic approach is employed.

Objective: This pilot study tests the hypothesis that colonoscopic tattooing can serve the additional role of sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping.

Methylene blue-assisted lymph node dissection in combination with ex vivo sentinel lymph node mapping in gastric cancer.

Aims: Lymph node (LN) stage is still the strongest prognostic marker in potentially curable gastric cancer. Accuracy of histopathological lymph node assessment depends on the number of investigated LNs and detection rate of metastases and micrometastases. The aim was to perform a feasibility study employing intra-arterial methylene blue injection - a novel method to improve LN harvest - and ex vivo sentinel LN mapping.

Predicting the allometry of leaf surface area and dry mass.

The manner in which increases in leaf surface area S scale with respect to increases in leaf dry mass M(t) within and across species has important implications to understanding the ability of plants to harvest sunlight, grow, and ultimately reproduce. Thus far, no mechanistic explanation has been advanced to explain why prior work shows that the scaling exponent governing the S to M(t) relationship is generally significantly less than one (i.e.

Methylene blue-assisted lymph node dissection in colon specimens: a prospective, randomized study.

Recently, we introduced ex vivo intra-arterial methylene blue injection into the inferior mesenteric artery as a novel method to improve lymph node (LN) harvest in rectal cancer. We have now adapted this method to the other segments of the colon. A total of 60 cases were enrolled.

Elastosis of the colon and the ileum as polyp causing lesions: a study of six cases and review of the literature.

Benign lesions in the gastrointestinal tract characterized by an increase of elastic fibers in the submucosal and mucosal layer are termed elastoma, elastosis, elastofibroma or elastofibromatous change, and present mostly as polyps. Twenty-seven such cases are published in the English and French literature. Some lesions are similar to alterations which are well-known from elastofibroma dorsi of the scapular region.

Multiple resonance damping or how do trees escape dangerously large oscillations?

To further understand the mechanics of trees under dynamic loads, we recorded damped oscillations of a Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) tree and of its stem without branches. Eigenfrequencies of the branches were calculated and compared to the oscillation frequency of the intact tree. The term eigenfrequency is used here to characterize the calculated resonance frequency of a branch fixed at the proximal end to a solid support.