Copy number variation analysis identifies MIR9-3 and MIR1299 as novel miRNA candidate genes for CAKUT.

Background: Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) represent a frequent cause of pediatric kidney failure. CNVs, as a major class of genomic variations, can also affect miRNA regions. Common CNV corresponding miRNAs (cCNV-miRNAs) are functional variants regulating crucial processes which could affect urinary system development.

Kidney Transplantation in Small Children: Association Between Body Weight and Outcome-A Report From the ESPN/ERA-EDTA Registry.

Background: Many centers accept a minimum body weight of 10 kg as threshold for kidney transplantation (Tx) in children. As solid evidence for clinical outcomes in multinational studies is lacking, we evaluated practices and outcomes in European children weighing below 10 kg at Tx.

Methods: Data were obtained from the European Society of Paediatric Nephrology/European Renal Association and European Dialysis and Transplant Association Registry on all children who started kidney replacement therapy at <2.

Effect of Age and Allele Variants of CYP3A5, CYP3A4, and POR Genes on the Pharmacokinetics of Cyclosporin A in Pediatric Renal Transplant Recipients From Serbia.

Background: The interindividual variability of cyclosporin A (CsA) pharmacokinetics might be explained by heterogeneity in the cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) subfamily. Altered CYP3A enzyme activity was associated with variant allele of P450 oxidoreductase gene (POR*28). The aim of this study was to assess the impact of age, CYP3A5*3, CYP3A4*22, and POR*28 alleles on CsA pharmacokinetics in pediatric renal transplant recipients.

Serum Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin and Urinary Kidney Injury Molecule-1 as Potential Biomarkers of Subclinical Nephrotoxicity After Gadolinium-Based and Iodinated-Based Contrast Media Exposure in Pediatric Patients with Normal Kidney Function.

BACKGROUND New renal biomarkers such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) show promise in early diagnosis of contrast media induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI). The purpose of our study was to compare the subclinical nephrotoxicity (a condition without changes in standard renal biomarkers) of gadolinium-based contrast media (Gd-DTPA, gadopentetate dimeglumine) and iodinated-based contrast media (iopromide) in pediatric patients with normal kidney function. MATERIAL AND METHODS The first group (n=58) of patients included in the study were undergoing angiography with iopromide, and the second group (n=65) were undergoing magnetic resonance (MR) angiography/urography with Gd-DTPA administration.

Granulomatous interstitial nephritis associated with influenza A: H1N1 infection--A case report.

Introduction: The causes of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis can be grouped into four broad categories: medications, infections, immunologic diseases, or idiopathic processes. Here we report a 17-year-old female who developed acute kidney injury (AKI) due to granulomatous interstitial nephritis (GIN) associated with influenza A: H1N1 infection.

Case Outline: The illness presented after two weeks of respiratory tract infection, skin rash and hypermenorrhea.

Anemia in children following renal transplantation-results from the ESPN/ERA-EDTA Registry.

Background: Our aim was to determine the prevalence of sub-target hemoglobin (Hb) levels in children with a renal allograft and to identify potential determinants associated with these Hb levels.

Methods: Data from 3669 children with a functioning renal allograft, aged <18 years between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2012, from 20 European countries were retrieved from the ESPN/ERA-EDTA Registry, providing 16,170 Hb measurements.

Results: According to the NKF/KDOQI classification and the UK-NICE guidelines, 49.

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder--case reports of three children with kidney transplant.

Introduction: Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a heterogeneous group of diseases, characterized by abnormal lymphoid proliferation following transplantation. It is a disease of the immunosuppressed state, and its occurrence is mostly associated with the use of T-cell depleting agents, and also intensification of immunosuppressive regimens. In the majority of cases, PTLD is a consequence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and is a B-cell hyperplasia with CD-20 positive lymphocytes.

Association between pet-keeping and asthma in school children.

Background: The role of pet exposure in childhood asthma and allergy is still controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between pet-keeping during different periods of childhood and asthma and sensitization in school children.

Methods: One hundred and forty-nine children aged between 7 and 14 years were enrolled in this study.

In vivo susceptibility of ESBL producing Escherichia coli to ceftriaxone in children with acute pyelonephritis.

Introduction: The choice of empiric therapy of acute pyelonephritis (APN) in children should be based on the knowledge of Escherichia coli (E. coli) as the most common uropathogen and its antibiotic sensitivities considering that nowadays ESBL-producing [ESBL (+)] E. coli is on the rise worldwide.

Trend of antibiotic resistance in children with first acute pyelonephritis.

There have been many recent reports of increasing antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens. In this study, we reviewed medical records of children (<18 yr age) with first acute pyelonephritis admitted to our Institution between January 2005 to December 2009. 411 children (189 girls) were studied and increasing trend in bacterial resistance toward co-trimoxazole, 2nd and 3rd generation cephalosporins and gentamicin were observed.

Henoch-Schönlein purpura outcome in children: a ten-year clinical study.

Introduction: Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is the most common vasculitis of childhood. It is characterized by symptoms including nonthrombocytopenic purpura, abdominal pain, haematuria/proteinuria, and arthralgia/arthritis. The pleiomorphism of clinical signs in HSP could be confused with other conditions or other vasculitis forms.

The IL-6 -174G/C polymorphism and renal scarring in children with first acute pyelonephritis.

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are common in infants and children and may result in serious complications, such as renal scarring, hypertension, and renal failure. Identification of the new markers in relation to acute pyelonephritis (APN) and its treatment is essential for designing interventions that would minimize tissue damage. This prospective study investigated the first UTI infection in 71 children (age range: 1-24 months) in respect to interleukin-6 (IL-6) -174G/C polymorphism and renal scarring.

[Recombinant human growth hormone treatment in short children with renal disease--our first experience].

Introduction: Growth retardation is a hallmark of chronic illnesses such as chronic kidney disease in children, and it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The growth hormone (GH) resistance observed in uraemia can be overcome by supraphysiological doses of exogenous GH.

Objective: We would like to present our first results of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment, mainly in children on haemodialysis.

Pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor associated with nephrotic syndrome.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) of the lung is a benign, non-metastasizing tumor with the possibility of local infiltration, recurrence or persistent local growth. This kind of tumor arises due to an unregulated growth of inflammatory cells. To our knowledge, IMT associated with nephrotic syndrome has not yet been recognized.