Length of hospital stay and associated costs for olanzapine vs. haloperidol in the treatment of schizophrenia relapse in Germany.

We examined the number of days spent in hospital due to a relapse of schizophrenia and the associated costs for patients treated with olanzapine or haloperidol. Twenty-one German psychiatric hospitals participated in this retrospective study. Data on the last hospitalisation following a relapse of schizophrenia were documented for equal numbers of patients on olanzapine and haloperidol.

[Costs of long-term complications in type 2 diabetes patients in Germany. Results of the CODE-2 Study].

Methods: In the German arm of CODE-2((R)) (Costs of Diabetes in Europe - Type 2), medical, demographic and economic data were collected retrospectively for a period of 1 year on the basis of medical files of 809 patients by personal interviews with 135 primary care physicians. The results were extrapolated to the German diabetes type 2 population. The influence of micro- and macrovascular complications on total costs was analyzed.

[Long-term diuretic treatment in heart failure: are there differences between furosemide and torasemide?].

Background: Treatment for congestive heart failure (CHF) is an important factor in rising health care costs especially in patients requiring repeated hospitalisations. Diuretics remain the most frequently utilized drugs in symptomatic patients. In this study the long-term outcome under furosemide and torasemide, two loop diuretics with different pharmacokinetic properties, were evaluated during one year in an ambulatory care setting.

Bootstrap confidence intervals for costs-of-illness of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Germany.

Objective: The Costs of Diabetes in Europe-Type 2 study (CODE-2, SmithKline Beecham plc) measures costs of managing patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Germany. The aim of this analysis was to assess the uncertainty of these estimates.

Design And Setting: The German study arm was based on a sample of 809 patients with type 2 diabetes registered in general practices.

Complications, co-morbidity, and blood glucose control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Germany--results from the CODE-2 study.

In this study, prevalence and incidence of complications as well as co-morbidity in type 2 diabetes patients in Germany were evaluated as part of a cost-of-illness study (CODE-2(TM), Costs of Diabetes in Europe - Type 2)In a pre-study, 197 general practitioners and diabetes specialists all over Germany provided data on the complication status of 2701 randomly selected patients with type 2 diabetes. The patients were grouped into five mutually exclusive strata. This pre-study was performed to generate a general overview on complication status to select proper patients for the main study.

[Costs of type 2 diabetes in Germany. Results of the CODE-2 study].

Background And Objective: Diabetes is an increasing and widespread chronic disease causing considerable costs for the health care system. In the CODE-2 Study (Costs of Diabetes in Europe-Type 2) the total expenses for type 2 diabetics in Germany were evaluated and analyzed for the first time.

Patients And Methods: The CODE-2-study has been performed in eight European countries.

Comparison of therapies with torasemide or furosemide in patients with congestive heart failure from a pharmacoeconomic viewpoint.

This observational study compared patients suffering from congestive heart failure (CHF) who were treated with loop diuretics torasemide or furosemide. Data documenting the course of the disease and its associated costs over a period of one year were collected retrospectively. A total of 400 CHF patients, 200 in each treatment group, were included in the analysis.