Racial disparities in endometrial cancer: Where are we after 26 years?

Introduction: Endometrial cancer is the most commonly diagnosed female genital tract malignancy in the United States of America. Racial disparities surrounding this particular disease have been extensively investigated for over 26-years. We sought to determine if research in this area has led to any significant improvements in this disparity.

The impact of Black founding fathers on the specialty of gynecologic oncology.

Introduction: The formative period of the specialty of gynecologic oncology was from 1968 to 1972 and became a board-certified specialty in 1973. During this formation there were no Black physicians participating in this process. We chronicle and document the incorporation of the first three board-certified Black physicians in the specialty of gynecologic oncology here for historical purposes.

Inflammation, depression, and anxiety related to recognition memory in young adults.

Previous research suggests that common modifiable health risk factors (e.g., depression, anxiety, metabolic illness, inflammation) may have an impact on memory.

The Design and Implementation of a Heart Disease Reversal Program in the Veterans Health Administration: Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: Heart disease continues to be the leading cause of death in the US, and the number of people with cardiovascular disease (CVD) is rising. CVD is more prevalent among military veterans than nonveterans, and veteran status is associated with higher risk of incident heart disease after controlling for socioeconomic status, other medical diseases, depression, and lifestyle. Many patients seeking care in the Veterans Health Administration, including those who undergo cardiac catheterization, meet the criteria for multimorbidity (defined as ≥ 2 chronic diseases).

The Shared Etiology of Attentional Control and Anxiety: An Adolescent Twin Study.

We investigated the etiology of attentional control (AC) and four different anxiety symptom types (generalized, obsessive-compulsive, separation, and social) in an adolescent sample of over 400 twin pairs. Genetic factors contributed to 55% of the variance in AC and between 43 and 58% of the variance in anxiety. Negative phenotypic associations between AC and anxiety indicated that lower attentional ability is related to increased risk for all 4 anxiety categories.

Aggressive Behaviors in Young Siblings: Associations with Executive Functions and Maternal Characteristics.

Aggressive behaviors in early childhood are associated with multiple undesirable outcomes, including juvenile delinquency, academic failure, and substance abuse. This investigation employed a family study design to examine child, mother and sibling predictors of early-emerging aggressive behaviors. These predictors included several indices of executive functioning within children, depression symptoms and education level of mothers, and inhibitory control (IC) of siblings.

Haemorrhagic shock, therapeutic management.

The management of a patient in post-traumatic haemorrhagic shock will meet different logics that will apply from the prehospital setting. This implies that the patient has beneficiated from a "Play and Run" prehospital strategy and was sent to a centre adapted to his clinical condition capable of treating all haemorrhagic lesions. The therapeutic goals will be to control the bleeding by early use of tourniquet, pelvic girdle, haemostatic dressing, and after admission to the hospital, the implementation of surgical and/or radiological techniques, but also to address all the factors that will exacerbate bleeding.

The effect of object processing in content-dependent source memory.

Background: Previous studies have suggested that the study condition of an item influences how the item is encoded. However, it is still unclear whether subsequent source memory effects are dependent upon stimulus content when the item and context are unitized. The present fMRI study investigated the effect of encoding activity sensitive to stimulus content in source memory via unitization.

Neural activity supporting the formation of associative memory versus source memory.

The ability to form a new association with discontiguous elements constitutes the very crux of episodic memory. However, it is not fully understood whether different types of associations rely on common neural correlates for encoding associations. In the present study, we investigated whether the formation of associative memory (associations between items) and source memory (associations between an item and its context) recruits common neural activity during encoding, or whether each type of association requires different neural activity for subsequent memory.

Ten tips for treating acne vulgaris in Fitzpatrick skin types IV-VI.

During the 21st century, people with skin of color will account for a large portion of the US population. According to race projections from the US Census Bureau, persons of African American, Hispanic, Asian and Native American descent will make up nearly half of the total US population by the year 2050. Because of our changing demographics, it is important that all dermatologists become comfortable in treating skin of color.

The role of patient activation in psychiatric visits.

Objective: This study identified ways that consumers of mental health services are active participants in psychiatric treatment.

Methods: Four providers (three psychiatrists and one nurse practitioner) were recruited, and ten consumers with severe mental illness were recruited per provider (40 total). Consumers completed questionnaires on patient activation, illness self-management, and medication attitudes on the day of a psychiatric visit.

The 80-hour work guidelines and resident survey perceptions of quality.

Objective: We hypothesized that resident fatigue error should improve, related to well-rested trainees as a direct cause/effect benefit. However, patient hospital care quality is multifactorial, so impact on patient care quality by changing only one variable for a single caregiver group was unknown.

Design And Participants: Convenience samples of 156 residents from three surgical specialties were administered a questionnaire in early 2004 addressing perceptions of patient care quality before and after the 80-h workweek.

Outcomes of hysterectomy in HIV-seropositive women compared to seronegative women.

Objective: To compare the postoperative complication rates after hysterectomy between HIV-infected patients and HIV-uninfected patients.

Study Design: We conducted a retrospective study of 24 human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients who underwent hysterectomy between January 1, 2000 and April 2, 2003 at Grady Memorial Hospital. Postoperative complications rates among HIV-infected women were compared to those rates among HIV-uninfected women.

Predictors of cervical dysplasia after the loop electrosurgical excision procedure in an inner-city population.

Objective: To identify factors associated with persistence or clearance of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) following loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) in high-risk patients.

Study Design: In a retrospective database review, we identified 343 patients who had 2 LEEP procedures or LEEP followed by hysterectomy for CIN at Grady Memorial Hospital. We compared margin status, endocervical curettage (ECC) at LEEP and follow-up cytology for patients characterized as having persistent or nonpersistent dysplasia.

A case of desmoplastic trichilemmoma of the lip treated with Mohs surgery.

Background: Desmoplastic trichilemmoma is a rare pseudomalignant variant of trichilemmoma. It generally presents as a small papule on the face and is often clinically misdiagnosed as a basal cell carcinoma or verruca vulgaris. It is histologically similar to a trichilemmoma, but has a central area of desmoplasia that can mimic an invasive carcinoma.

Polymorphic light eruption.

Polymorphic light eruption (PMLE) is the most common photodermatosis. It is typically characterized by nonscarring, pruritic, erythematous papules, plaques, or vesicles on sun-exposed skin that develop 30 minutes to several hours after sun exposure. The eruption may persist for a few hours to as long as 2 weeks.

Topical antibacterial agents for wound care: a primer.

Although often overlooked, topical antibiotic agents play an important role in dermatology. Their many uses include prophylaxis against cutaneous infections, treatment of minor wounds and infections, and elimination of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus. For these indications, they are advantageous over their systemic counterparts because they deliver a higher concentration of medication directly to the desired area and are less frequently implicated in causing bacterial resistance.

Effect of sleep deprivation on medical resident and student cognitive function: A prospective study.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether cognitive function test results decrease after a typical night of on-call duty, on the basis of the amount of sleep that is obtained.

Study Design: Two standard cognitive functions tests (the Grooved Pegboard and California Verbal Learning Test II) were administered to the 30 participants who were members of the obstetrics and gynecology house staff and to medical students at Emory University School of Medicine. Each test was administered twice, before and after on-call duty.

A review of the 308-nm excimer laser in the treatment of psoriasis.

The 308-nm excimer laser is a new modality for the treatment of psoriasis. With the 308-nm UVB radiation generated by this laser, it is possible to clear psoriasis with as little as one treatment and to have a moderately long remission. In contrast to traditional phototherapy techniques, this handheld excimer laser UVB therapy is selectively directed toward lesional skin, thus sparing the surrounding normal skin from unnecessary radiation exposure.

Narrowband UVB phototherapy for the treatment of psoriasis: a review and update.

An advance in UVB-based phototherapy has been the introduction of fluorescent lightbulbs (Philips TL-01) that deliver monochromatic light at 311-nm UVB, a narrowband wavelength that seems to maximize clearing of plaques relative to its erythrogenic potential. Narrowband UVB phototherapy has considerable advantages over traditional treatment options such as broadband UVB and psoralen plus UVA (PUVA). It is clearly more effective than broadband UVB, safer than PUVA, and well tolerated by patients when taken at suberythemogenic doses.

Postoperative morbidity associated with cesarean delivery among human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive women.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the complication rates associated with cesarean delivery between human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive women with those among a matched group of human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative subjects.

Study Design: We conducted a case-control study of 86 human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive women undergoing cesarean delivery between the years 1992 and 2000 at a large, urban teaching institution and a control group of 86 human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative women matched for age, race, year of delivery, and delivery indications. Data were analyzed with the chi2 test and odds ratios.

Clinical determinants of survival from stage Ib cervical cancer in an inner-city hospital.

This study reviewed a high-risk population of inner-city women with FIGO (International Federation of Gynecologists and Obstetricians) stage Ib cervical cancer diagnosed and treated at a single institution between 1986 and 1993. The patient age at diagnosis averaged 49 years, and most of the patients were black (83%). Squamous carcinomas predominated (75%).

Human papillomavirus and disease status following therapy for cervical cancer.

We enrolled 85 patients with invasive cervical cancer and collected cervicovaginal lavage samples at each clinical visit for diagnosis, staging, treatment, and follow-up. Lavage samples were tested by L1 consensus polymerase chain reaction for human papillomavirus (HPV). Results were compared with HPV demonstrated in tumor tissue and the clinical status at time of sample collection.