Double common bile duct: a case report.

The aim of our study is to present a case of double common bile duct. Specifically, we found a common bile duct that was divided into two distinct ducts, one the main and the other the accessory duct, during its course downwards. The two bile ducts had a parallel course emerging from the common bile duct after its formation and reuniting just above the head of the pancreas.

Excavated-type of rhomboid fossa of the clavicle: a radiological study.

The excavated type of rhomboid fossa of the clavicle is a relatively neglected anatomical structure that can potentially cause diagnostic problems. Its unilateral occurrence may be confused by the physician as avascular necrosis, osteomyelitis, or even a tumour. We studied 80 routine chest radiographs and identified the clavicles with excavated type of rhomboid fossa.

Osseous variations of the hypoglossal canal area.

Background: The hypoglossal canal is a paired bone passage running from the posterior cranial fossa to the nasopharyngeal carotid space. Hyperostotic variations of this structure have been described.

Material/methods: One hundred sixteen adult cadaveric dried skull specimens were analyzed.

Osteopoikilosis: a case report of a symptomatic patient.

Osteopoikilosis (OP) is a very rare benign sclerosing bony dysplasia with an autosomal dominant inheritance. We describe the morphology of an osteopoikilosis male patient, associated with severe pain on wrist and hand joints, report on the relative literature and focus on clinical significance, due to mimicking capability of other more severe conditions such as bone metastases.

Morphological parameters of the acromion.

The purpose of this study was to record the basic morphometric values of the acromion. Forty-four pairs of dried scapulas were reviewed. Acromial shape was evaluated in relation to sex, symmetry and presence of subacromial enthesophytes and classified according to Bigliani with the following results: type I (flat): 26.

Morphological parameters of the superior articular facets of the atlas and potential clinical significance.

Background: Although remarkable investigations exist in regard to the morphology of the superior articular facets of the atlas in the literature, only a few data exist concerning the correlation of these facets with the age of the specimens.

Methods: The superior articular facets of the atlas were studied in 86 dried vertebrae. Several non-metric parameters were recorded, like presence of notches, grooves, complete or partial dissociation, rough surfaces as well as their morphology.

Accessory muscles in the lower part of the anterior compartment of the arm that may entrap neurovascular elements.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of abnormal muscular bands of the anterior compartment of the arm that may compress the median, the ulnar, and the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve as well as the brachial artery and vein, thus causing entrapment at and above the elbow. A total of 56 adult cadavers were studied during routine dissections that occurred in our laboratory. In the 112 upper limbs studied, we found three variant muscles of the flexor compartment of the arm (2.

An accessory middle scalene muscle causing thoracic outlet syndrome.

The aim of our study is to present a very rare accessory middle scalene muscle, leading to thoracic outlet syndrome. In particular, a muscular bundle was discovered on a male cadaver connecting the middle portion of the middle scalene muscle with the anterior scalene muscle insertion to Lisfranc's tubercle. This triangular accessory muscle and, especially, its sharp medial border compressed the middle and lower trunk of the brachial plexus and the subclavian artery.

An accessory double cystic duct with single gallbladder.

A case of double cystic duct was detected during preparation of cadavers for educational purposes in a 76 year old woman. The two cystic ducts formed a triangular formation with the common hepatic duct. That is the fifteenth reported case in the literature.

Persistent primitive hypoglossal artery: an incidental autopsy finding and its significance in clinical practice.

Persistent primitive hypoglossal artery (PPHA) is a recognised, albeit infrequent, intracranial vascular anomaly usually detected during angiography. Its presence is associated with an increased incidence of aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation and ischaemic stroke. A unique case of PHHA discovered during autopsy is described.

A study on the morphology of the popliteus muscle and arcuate popliteal ligament.

The aim of this study was to investigate the origins and morphological features of the popliteus muscle in cadavers. In a sample of 40 lower limbs taken from cadavers the exact morphological features of the popliteus muscle were examined. In 100% of the cases studied we noticed, apart from the known femoral origin from the lateral femoral epicondyle, a fibular origin from the styloid process of the head of the fibula directed obliquely and blending with the main femoral origin, forming the arms of a Y-shaped structure.

Study of the carrying angle of the human elbow joint in full extension: a morphometric analysis.

This study measured the carrying angle of the elbow joint in full extension in 600 students, using the supplementary angle to that between the longitudinal axis of the arm and that of the forearm. The mean carrying angle was 12.88 degrees +/-5.

Unusual variation of the extensor digitorum brevis manus: A case report.

An anomalous muscle, the extensor digitorum brevis manus (EDBM) was found at the dorsum of the right hand arising from the wrist capsule beneath the extensor retinaculum and inserting into the ulnar side of the basis of the proximal phalanx of the long finger. The EDBM was located superficial to the common extensor tendons of the fingers. We analyze the tendency of the dominant hand to be involved and the possible complications such as the appearance of the "fourth compartment syndrome" or attrition ruptures of the common extensor tendons.