Automated bone property analysis using corrected in vivo dental cone-beam CT data of human wrists.

Fracture liaison services are essential to mitigate underdiagnosis and undertreatment of osteoporosis-related fractures. However, it often suffers from limited access to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) or high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT equipment. This in vivo study of 21 patients aims to evaluate the feasibility of dental cone beam CT (dCBCT) to analyse bone properties of human wrists, comparing with DXA and finite element (FE) analysis.

Vitamin D status in longstanding type 1 diabetes and controls. Association with upper extremity impairments.

Background: Patients with type 1 diabetes have a high prevalence of upper extremity impairments (UEIs), such as frozen shoulder, carpal tunnel syndrome, and trigger finger. The UEIs are strongly associated with activity limitations and impaired quality of life. The etiology of the UEI is not clear.

Prevalence of denosumab-induced hypocalcemia: a retrospective observational study of patients routinely monitored with ionized calcium post-injection.

Unlabelled: We assessed the prevalence of hypocalcemia after denosumab injections in a real-world cohort routinely monitored for calcium during up to 7.5 years of treatment. Among 1096 injections in 242 patients, 6.

Patient Education Improves Pain and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Established Spinal Osteoporosis in Primary Care-A Pilot Study of Short- and Long-Term Effects.

Fragility fractures, in particular vertebral fractures, are associated with high morbidity, including chronic pain and reduced health-related quality of life. We aimed to investigate the short- and long-term effects of patient education, including interdisciplinary themes, with or without physical training or mindfulness/medical yoga for patients with established spinal osteoporosis in primary care. Osteoporotic persons aged sixty years or older with one or more vertebral fractures were randomized to theory only, theory and physical exercise, or theory and mindfulness/medical yoga and were scheduled to once a week for ten weeks.

Trabecular bone microstructure analysis on data from a novel twin robotic X-ray device.

Background: Bone strength is related to both mineral density (BMD) and the bone microstructure. However, only the assessment of BMD is available in clinical routine care today.

Purpose: To analyze and study the correlation of trabecular bone microstructure from the imaging data of a prototype Multitom Rax system, using micro-computed tomography (CT) data as the reference method (Skyscan 1176).

The impact of imaging time and contrast agent dose on screening for osteoporosis with contrast-enhanced CT.

Background: Screening for osteoporosis with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) is promising for identifying high-risk osteoporotic patients. Our aims were (1) to investigate the estimated volume bone mineral density (vBMD) change over time after contrast injection (CT perfusion imaging, CTPI); and (2) to examine the influence of contrast dose on vBMD.

Methods: Fifteen patients, aged 71 ± 9 years (mean ± standard deviation, range 55-86) underwent a CTPI examination (28 scans within 63 s) of the upper body followed (after a waiting time of 10 min) by a full 4-phase CT examination (4 scans within 4 min).

Selection of risk assessment methods for osteoporosis screening in postmenopausal women with low-energy fractures: A comparison of fracture risk assessment tool, digital X-ray radiogrammetry, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Objectives: Fracture liaison services are designed to identify patients needing osteoporosis treatment after a fracture. Some fracture liaison service designs involve a prescreening step, for example, fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX). Another possible prescreening tools are bone mass density assessment in the acute setting.

Total Hip Bone Mineral Density as an Indicator of Fracture Risk in Bisphosphonate-Treated Patients in a Real-World Setting.

Bone mineral density (BMD) is an established measure used to diagnose patients with osteoporosis. In clinical trials, change in BMD has been shown to provide a reliable estimate of fracture risk reduction, and achieved BMD T-score has been shown to reflect the near-term risk of fracture. We aimed to test the association between BMD T-score and fracture risk in patients treated for osteoporosis in a real-world setting.

Weight loss with or without intragastric balloon causes divergent effects on ghrelin cell expression.

Objective: The mechanism of action of intragastric balloons in the treatment of obesity is not fully understood. One of the hypotheses is that balloons might have an effect on the fundus, the area of ghrelin production.

Methods: Participants were randomized to a 13-week period of sham or balloon treatment followed by a 13-week period of balloon therapy in everyone.

Computed tomography-based opportunistic osteoporosis assessment: a comparison of two software applications for lumbar vertebral volumetric bone mineral density measurements.

Background: We aimed to compare two volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) analysis programs, regarding (I) agreement of vBMD values based on mono- and dual-energy computed tomography (MECT and DECT) scans and (II) suitability for analyzing DECT data obtained at different energies.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed two abdominal CT datasets: one performed in a MECT scan (vertebrae L1-L3) and one in a DECT scan (vertebrae L1-L4). Each dataset included different individuals [MECT 15 patients (45 vertebrae) and DECT 12 patients (48 vertebrae), respectively].

Mindfulness and Modified Medical Yoga as Intervention in Older Women with Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture.

People with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) have decreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Yoga and mindfulness are methods that can promote well-being. The aim of this article was to explore the effect of mindfulness and modified medical yoga on HRQoL, stress, sleep, and pain in people 60 years or older with a diagnosed osteoporotic VCF.

Adherence to and persistence with zoledronic acid treatment for osteoporosis-reasons for early discontinuation.

Unlabelled: This retrospective study reports 81% long-term (> 3 years) adherence to and 77% persistence with zoledronic acid (ZA) treatment in osteoporosis patients, with ZA being costfree for patients. Eight percent of patients discontinued treatment because of adverse events (AEs), with a tendency of higher discontinuation rate in older patients.

Purpose: This study investigated (1) long-term adherence to and persistence with ZA treatment in a real-world setting, (2) extent to which an adverse reaction to ZA impacted on adherence and persistence, and (3) whether there were sex or age differences in patients that had early treatment termination (ETT) due to AEs and those who adhered to the regimen.

Clinical Examination and Self-Reported Upper Extremity Impairments in Patients with Long-Standing Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Aim: The aims of the current study were (1) to determine the prevalence of upper extremity impairments (UEIs) in patients with type 1 diabetes by clinical investigation; (2) to investigate if self-reported impairments were concordant with clinical findings and if key questions could be identified; and (3) to investigate if answers to our self-reported questionnaire regarding UEIs are reliable.

Methods: Patients with type 1 diabetes were invited to participate in a cross-sectional study of clinical and self-reported (12 items) UEIs in adjunction to ordinary scheduled clinical visit. Before the visit, a questionnaire on UEIs was filled in twice (test-retest) followed by clinical testing at the planned visit.

Real-world effectiveness of osteoporosis treatment in the oldest old.

Unlabelled: We studied effectiveness of osteoporosis treatment in women older than 80 years, who often are not included in clinical trials. Treatments were as effective on bone density and fractures as in younger women.

Introduction: To study real-world effectiveness of osteoporosis treatment on BMD and fractures in the oldest old women (≥ 80 years) compared with women (60-79 years) in the clinical setting using Swedish health register data.

Risk of major osteoporotic fracture after first, second and third fracture in Swedish women aged 50 years and older.

Background: Osteoporosis affects approximately one in five European women and leads to fragility fractures, which result in poor health, social and economic consequences. Fragility fractures are a strong risk factor for subsequent major osteoporotic fracture (MOF), with risk of MOF being elevated in the 1-2 years following an earlier fracture, a concept described as "imminent risk". This study examines risk of subsequent MOF in patients with one, two or three prior fractures by age and type of fracture.

Toe brachial index predicts major acute cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes independently of arterial stiffness.

Objective: Our aim was to analyze the predictive value of toe brachial index (TBI) as a risk marker for future major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: TBI was measured in 741 patients with T2D in 2005-2008. Conventional risk factors for vascular disease as well as non-invasive measurements such as pulse-wave velocity (PWV) and intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid arteries were estimated.

Dual energy 4D-CT of parathyroid adenomas not clearly localized by sestamibi scintigraphy and ultrasonography - a retrospective study.

Purpose: At present, the gold standard for diagnosing PAs includes ultrasonography of the neck and sestamibi scans of the parathyroid. The objective of this study was to evaluate scans performed in 4D-DECT (4D-dual-energy mode) at three different time points, in order to analyze spectral information from PAs, lymph nodes (LNs), and thyroid gland (Thy).

Method: Fifteen patients (mean age: 57 ± 18.

History of Previous Fracture and Imminent Fracture Risk in Swedish Women Aged 55 to 90 Years Presenting With a Fragility Fracture.

The term "fracture cascade" refers to the sequence of fragility fractures resulting from the increased fracture risk that occurs with aging and following fractures. Here, we evaluate the sequence of previous fractures in women aged 55 to 90 years presenting with a fragility fracture and subsequent (12 to 24 months) fracture incidence. In this retrospective, observational study, women aged 55 to 90 years with an "index" fragility fracture in 2013 were identified from Swedish national registries.

Low health-related quality of life is strongly linked to upper extremity impairments in type 1 diabetes with a long duration.

Purpose: To compare health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in type 1 diabetes and non-diabetic controls and possible links to upper extremity impairments (UEIs). Prevalence of sick-leave and causes were investigated.

Materials And Methods: This Swedish population-based case-control study included type 1 diabetes patients <67 years old and with a diabetes duration ≥20 years.

Mobile learning device increased study efficiency for radiology residents but with risk of temporary novelty effect.

Background: Digital resources in learning are increasingly available and offer new possibilities in education. Mobile learning devices (MLD) such as tablets provide easy and flexible access for users.

Purpose: To investigate whether the introduction of MLDs in radiology education affected time spent on studies over a longer time frame and whether learning behavior and attitudes changed.

Differing impact of clinical factors on the risk of fracture in younger and older women in the general population and an osteoporosis clinic population.

Unlabelled: This study assesses the impact of risk factors for fracture in women aged 80+ and 60-79. The results suggest that risk assessment which fits younger women may not be suited for the 80+ strata as many common risk factors are less predictive in the older compared to the younger cohort.

Purpose: This study assesses whether the impact of classical risk factors for fracture due to osteoporosis is different in women aged 80+ and women aged 60-79.

Risk of imminent fracture following a previous fracture in a Swedish database study.

Unlabelled: This study examined the imminent risk of a future fracture within 1 and 2 years following a first fracture in women aged 50 years and older and assessed independent factors associated with risk of subsequent fractures. The study highlights the need to intervene rapidly after a fracture to prevent further fractures.

Introduction: This study aims to determine the imminent risk of subsequent fractures within 1 and 2 years following a first fracture and to assess independent factors associated with subsequent fractures.

Dysregulated growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-1 axis in adult type 1 diabetes with long duration.

Context: In type 1 diabetes (T1D), dysregulation of the GH-IGF-1 axis has been reported. Whether this is related to upper extremity impairments (UEI) is unknown.

Objective: Examine differences in GH-IGF-1 axis between T1D on subcutaneous insulin treatment and matched controls without diabetes and possible associations between GH-IGF-1 axis and UEI.

Model for improved correlation of BMD values between abdominal routine Dual energy CT data and DXA scans.

Background: Osteoporosis is a common but underdiagnosed and undertreated disease causing severe morbidity and economic burden. The gold standard for detection of osteoporosis is DXA (dual energy x-ray absorptiometry), which is a dedicated examination for osteoporosis. Dual energy CT (DECT) examinations are increasingly used in daily routine for a wide variety of diagnoses.

A health economic simulation model for the clinical management of osteoporosis.

Unlabelled: The objective was to estimate the burden of osteoporosis in Sweden based on current clinical practice and the cost-effectiveness of improvements in the management of osteoporosis over the clinical management compared to current clinical practice. Results showed that better compliance to treatment guidelines is associated with better projected outcomes and cost-savings.

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to estimate the burden of osteoporosis in Sweden based on current clinical practice and the cost-effectiveness of improvements in the management of osteoporosis over the clinical management compared to current clinical practice.