Comparison of Physiological Stress Indices in Anesthetized and Manually Restrained Leopard Sharks, .

Background: Leopard sharks () are abundant, coastal, eastern Pacific, mesopredatory sharks and are frequently managed in aquariums and zoos. Medical examinations are a routine part of good husbandry practices, but the handling protocols vary greatly between facilities. In this study, we compared the physiological stress responses of associated with manual restraint and sedated handling under parallel holding and handling procedures in a 10 min interval.

HEMATOLOGIC AND PLASMA BIOCHEMICAL REFERENCE VALUES FOR CAPTIVE LEOPARD SHARKS ().

Leopard sharks () are temperate, Eastern Pacific elasmobranchs popular in public aquariums. Blood analysis is commonly used for assessing animal health, yet reference values have not been established for this species. This study analyzed population data to characterize blood reference values for a collection of housed at a public aquarium.

Sulfur isotope analyses using 3× elemental analysis/isotope ratio mass spectrometry: Saving helium and energy while reducing analytical time and costs.

Rationale: Helium (He) and energy shortages have caused price increases and reduced their availability. Using three combustion reactions per acquisition of carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios saves 50% He and energy during the elemental analysis/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA/IRMS). This approach needs to be tested for sulfur isotope (δS) analyses.

Fingerprinting of monovarietal olive oils from Argentina and Uruguay via stable isotope, fatty acid profile, and chemometric analyses.

Tracing methods of non-European EVOOs commercialized worldwide are becoming crucial for effective authenticity controls. Limited analytical studies of these oils are available on a global scale, similar to those of European EVOOs. We report for the first time the fatty acid concentrations, bulk-oil H/H, C/C, and O/O ratios and fatty acid C/C ratios of 43 authentic monovarietal EVOOs from different geographical regions in Argentina and Uruguay.

Host starvation and in hospite degradation of algal symbionts shape the heat stress response of the Cassiopea-Symbiodiniaceae symbiosis.

Background: Global warming is causing large-scale disruption of cnidarian-Symbiodiniaceae symbioses fundamental to major marine ecosystems, such as coral reefs. However, the mechanisms by which heat stress perturbs these symbiotic partnerships remain poorly understood. In this context, the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea has emerged as a powerful experimental model system.

The International Virus Bioinformatics Meeting 2023.

The 2023 International Virus Bioinformatics Meeting was held in Valencia, Spain, from 24-26 May 2023, attracting approximately 180 participants worldwide. The primary objective of the conference was to establish a dynamic scientific environment conducive to discussion, collaboration, and the generation of novel research ideas. As the first in-person event following the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the meeting facilitated highly interactive exchanges among attendees.

Experimental evolution of metabolism under nutrient restriction: enhanced amino acid catabolism and a key role of branched-chain amino acids.

Periodic food shortage is a common ecological stressor for animals, likely to drive physiological and metabolic adaptations to alleviate its consequences, particularly for juveniles that have no option but to continue to grow and develop despite undernutrition. Here we study changes in metabolism associated with adaptation to nutrient shortage, evolved by replicate populations maintained on a nutrient-poor larval diet for over 240 generations. In a factorial metabolomics experiment we showed that both phenotypic plasticity and genetically-based adaptation to the poor diet involved wide-ranging changes in metabolite abundance; however, the plastic response did not predict the evolutionary change.

Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of Top-Down Digital Light Processing Additive Manufacturing.

Digital light processing (DLP) as a vat photopolymerization technique is one of the most popular three-dimensional (3D) printing methods, where chains are formed between liquid photocurable resin molecules to crosslink them and solidify the liquid resin using ultraviolet light. The DLP technique is inherently complex and the part accuracy depends on the process parameters that have to be chosen based on the fluid (resin) properties. In the present work, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are presented for top-down DLP as photocuring 3D printing.

Molecular epidemiology of Canine circovirus in domestic dogs and wildlife in Namibia, Africa.

Canine circovirus (CanineCV) is a DNA virus affecting domestic dogs and other wild carnivore species. Despite the potential implications for dogs' health and wildlife conservation, data on CanineCV presence, epidemiology and genetic features from Africa is still poor. In the present study, biological specimens collected between 2020 and 2022 from a total of 32 jackals and 575 domestic dogs were tested for the presence of CanineCV DNA to evaluate its frequency.

Numerical Modeling of the Mixing of Highly Viscous Polymer Suspensions in Partially Filled Sigma Blade Mixers.

This paper presents a non-isothermal, non-Newtonian Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model for the mixing of a highly viscous polymer suspension in a partially filled sigma blade mixer. The model accounts for viscous heating and the free surface of the suspension. The rheological model is found by calibration with experimental temperature measurements.

Magnipore: Prediction of differential single nucleotide changes in the Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing signal of SARS-CoV-2 samples.

Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) allows direct sequencing of ribonucleic acids (RNA) and, in addition, detection of possible RNA modifications due to deviations from the expected ONT signal. The software available so far for this purpose can only detect a small number of modifications. Alternatively, two samples can be compared for different RNA modifications.

Soil management affects carbon and nitrogen concentrations and stable isotope ratios in vine products.

Weeds reduce vineyard productivity and affect grape quality by competing with grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) for water and nutrients. The increased banning of herbicides has prompted the evaluation of alternative soil management strategies.

Metal-rich organic matter and hot continental passive margin: drivers for Devonian copper-cobalt-germanium mineralization in dolomitized reef-bearing carbonate platform.

Unlabelled: The abundance and types of reef-bearing carbonate platforms reflect the evolution of Devonian climate, with conspicuous microbial-algal reefs in the warm Early and Late Devonian and sponge-coral reefs in the cooler Middle Devonian. A dolomitized Wenlock-Lower Devonian microbial-algal reef-bearing carbonate platform hosts epigenetic copper-cobalt-germanium (Cu-Co-Ge) sulfide mineralization at Ruby Creek-Bornite in the Brooks Range, Alaska. Here, we present rhenium-osmium (Re-Os) radiometric ages and molybdenum and sulfur (δMo = +2.

The role of groundwater in CO production and carbon storage in Mediterranean peatlands: An isotope geochemistry approach.

Peatlands are permanent wetlands recognized for ecosystem services such as biodiversity conservation and carbon storage capacity. Little information is available about their response to global change, the reason why most Earth system climate models consider a linear increase in the release of greenhouse gases (GHG), such as CO, with increasing temperatures. Nevertheless, numerous studies suggest that an increase in the temperature may not imply a decrease in photosynthesis and carbon storage rates if water availability is sufficient, the latter being under the control of local hydrology mechanisms.

Phaeohyphomycosis due to in Aquarium-Housed Lumpfish (): Clinical Diagnosis and Description.

Phaeohyphomycosis caused by species represents an important disease of concern for farmed and aquarium-housed fish. The objective of this study was to summarize the clinical findings and diagnosis of infections in aquarium-housed . Clinical records and postmortem pathology reports were reviewed for 15 individuals from 5 public aquaria in the United States and Canada from 2007 to 2015.

Relationship Between Cachexia and the Functional Progress of Patients With Cancer in Inpatient Rehabilitation.

Purpose: Although inpatient rehabilitation can improve functional independence in patients with cancer, the role of cachexia in this population is unknown. Our objectives were to:1) Establish prevalence of cachexia in a cohort of cancer patients receiving inpatient rehabilitation and its association with demographic and oncological history.2) Determine the relationship between the presence of cachexia and functional recovery and whether these patients in inpatient rehabilitation have a distinct prognosis.

Rapid light carbon releases and increased aridity linked to Karoo-Ferrar magmatism during the early Toarcian oceanic anoxic event.

Large-scale release of isotopically light carbon is responsible for the carbon isotope excursion (CIE) of the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event during the Lower Jurassic. Proposed sources include methane hydrate dissociation, volcanogenic outgassing of carbon dioxide and/or thermogenic methane release from the Karoo-Ferrar magmatic province (southern Africa). Distinct small-scale shifts superimposed on the long-term CIE have been interpreted as rapid methane pulses linked to astronomically forced climate changes.

Safe, accurate, and precise sulfur isotope analyses of arsenides, sulfarsenides, and arsenic and mercury sulfides by conversion to barium sulfate before EA/IRMS.

The stable isotope ratios of sulfur (δS relative to Vienna Cañon Diablo Troilite) in sulfates and sulfides determined by elemental analysis and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA/IRMS) have been proven to be a remarkable tool for studies of the (bio)geochemical sulfur cycles in modern and ancient environments. However, the use of EA/IRMS to measure δS in arsenides and sulfarsenides may not be straightforward. This difficulty can lead to potential health and environmental hazards in the workplace and analytical problems such as instrument contamination, memory effects, and a non-matrix-matched standardization of δS measurements with suitable reference materials.

Controlled and Local Delivery of Antibiotics by 3D Core/Shell Printed Hydrogel Scaffolds to Treat Soft Tissue Infections.

Soft tissue infections in open fractures or burns are major cause for high morbidity in trauma patients. Sustained, long-term and localized delivery of antimicrobial agents is needed for early eradication of these infections. Traditional (topical or systemic) antibiotic delivery methods are associated with a variety of problems, including their long-term unavailability and possible low local concentration.

Analysing Powder Injection Moulding of a Helix Geometry Using Soft Tooling.

Freeform injection moulding is a novel technology for powder injection moulding where a sacrificial 3D printed mould (i.e., a soft tooling) is used as an insert in the injection process.

Evidence linking calcium to increased organo-mineral association in soils.

Unlabelled: Geochemical indicators are emerging as important predictors of soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics, but evidence concerning the role of calcium (Ca) is scarce. This study investigates the role of Ca prevalence in SOC accumulation by comparing otherwise similar sites with (CaCO-bearing) or without carbonates (CaCO-free). We measured the SOC content and indicators of organic matter quality (C stable isotope composition, expressed as C values, and thermal stability) in bulk soil samples.

The demographic and disability characteristics of individuals who regularly attend an urban adaptive fitness center: An observational study.

Introduction: While it is well known that regular physical activity provides significant physical and psychosocial health benefits, people with disabilities have disproportionately lower rates of exercise compared to the able-bodied population. Reduced levels of physical activity can put this population at an increased risk of chronic health conditions, highlighting the importance of ensuring that our communities have accessible adaptive fitness opportunities.

Objectives: To evaluate the demographic and disability characteristics in individuals who regularly attend a specialized urban adaptive fitness center, to provide foundational understanding about the population that uses such resources.