Synergism among volatile organic compounds resulting in increased antibiosis in Oidium sp.

Oidium sp. has been recovered as an endophyte in Terminalia catappa (tropical chestnut) in Costa Rica. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of this organism uniquely and primarily consist of esters of propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, and butanoic acid, 3-methyl-.

The role of energy expenditure in the differential weight loss in obese women on low-fat and low-carbohydrate diets.

We have recently reported that obese women randomized to a low-carbohydrate diet lost more than twice as much weight as those following a low-fat diet over 6 months. The difference in weight loss was not explained by differences in energy intake because women on the two diets reported similar daily energy consumption. We hypothesized that chronic ingestion of a low-carbohydrate diet increases energy expenditure relative to a low-fat diet and that this accounts for the differential weight loss.

[Laser flare in combined cataract and glaucoma surgery].

Background: We used a laser-flare meter to compare inflammation of the anterior chamber in combined cataract and glaucoma surgery with that in pure filtering surgery.

Materials And Methods: In 34 consecutive patients with primary chronic open-angle glaucoma (PCOG) we combined glaucoma surgery and cataract extraction with phacoemulsification and implantation of a foldable intraocular lens via the same incision. We compared the results with those in 32 PCOG patients receiving a single goniotrephination and in 45 PCOG patients receiving cataract extraction via clear cornea with implantation of a foldable lens.

[Ocular injuries and triage after the bombing attack on the United States embassy in Nairobi (Kenya)].

Background: As a result of the terrorist bombings of the United States Embassies in Daressalam (Tansania) and Nairobi (Kenya) on August 7, 1998, over 200 people were killed. 5000 persons were injured severely. The purpose of this article is to provide a review of our experiences in the evaluation and treatment of patients with multiple simultaneous ocular injuries sustained in the Nairobi attack.

Comparison of analgesia and akinesia after retrobulbar injections at different speeds.

Purpose: To assess how the speed of injection of local anesthetic solutions affected pain of injection, bulbar akinesia and analgesia with retrobulbar anesthesia (RBA).

Methods: 70 patients undergoing RBA for cataract surgery were enrolled in a prospective masked trial. They were allocated randomly to receive 5 ml anesthetic solution injected either within 20 seconds (group A) or within 60 seconds (group B).

[Ultrasound localization of haptics of sclera attached posterior chamber lenses. Comparison of 2 high resolution ultrasound instruments].

Background: The ciliary sulcus as the intended location of transsclerally fixated posterior chamber lenses (PCL) is withdrawn from the surgeon's view. Using high-resolution ultrasound, we acquire pictures that postoperatively allows us to determine the position of the haptics.

Methods: After transscleral fixation of PCLs in nine patients, we localized the haptics (central part and distal part of the haptic) by high-resolution ultrasound using the Ultrasound Biomicroscope 840 (Humphrey, 50 MHz) and the 13-System-ABD (M & C, 20 MHz).

[Comparison of classical keratometry and computer-assisted corneal topography in high grade postoperative astigmatism after perforating keratoplasty].

Unlabelled: The standard keratometry measures the central corneal refractive power by only four sample points. there is a risk for poor or incorrect measurements in high irregular postoperative astigmatism following penetrating keratoplasty. Therefore we compared the standard keratometry with the computer assisted corneal topography.

[Is cranial corneoscleral 6 mm "no-stitch" tunnel incision contraindicated in against-the-rule astigmatism?].

Background: There is a risk to increase a preexisting astigmatism against the rule by performing the incision at the 12 o'clock position.

Patients And Methods: In the prospective study 15 patients with a preoperative astigmatism over 0.25 D axis 90 degrees +/- 15 degrees the first cataract extraction was performed by a cranial, the operation of the other eye by a temporal 6-mm no-stitch tunnel incision.

Bacterial anterior chamber contamination with foldable silicone lens implantation using a forceps and an injector.

Purpose: To compare the rate of anterior chamber (AC) contamination during implantation of a foldable three-piece silicone lens using a forceps and an injector.

Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Saarland, Homburg (Saar), Germany.

Methods: In a prospective, randomized study, we cultured AC aspirates of patients who had phacoemulsification with silicone lens implantation through a 3.

[Clinical aspects of ataxia teleangiectatica (Louis-Bar syndrome)].

Background: Ataxia telangiectasia is an autosomal recessive inherited multisystem disease of childhood characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia, oculo-cutaneous telangiectasia, immunological defects with increased susceptibility to infection and malignant neoplasms.

Patient: A 20-year-old patient with ataxia telangiectasia (Louis-Bar syndrome), demonstrating the typical features of this hereditary disease, is described. The ophthalmological findings showed telangiectasia of the horizontal conjunctival vessels in the exposed bulbar conjunctivae and oculomotor signs with pathological pursuit and command movements, dissociated nystagmus, failure of gaze holding and convergence.

[Eye injuries caused by opening or explosion of beverage bottles].

Exploding beverage bottles can cause serious ocular injuries. The mechanisms of injury and the consequences were studied retrospectively in 21 patients admitted to the hospital between 1982 and 1992. Most of the patients (76%) were injured by propulsion of the bottle cap.