sp. nov., a non-infective non-nitrogen-fixing isolate from root nodules of Wall.

Strains CN4, CN6, CN7 and CNm7 were isolated from root nodules of from Murree in Pakistan. They do not form root nodules on nor on although they deformed root hairs of . The colonies are bright red-pigmented, the strains form hyphae and sporangia but no N-fixing vesicles and do not fix nitrogen .

sp. nov., isolated from root nodules of L.

strain Ag45/Mut15 was isolated from a root nodule of growing in a swamp at lake Grossensee, Germany. The strain forms root nodules on , in which it produces hyphae and clusters of N-fixing vesicles. N-fixing vesicles are also produced in nitrogen-free growth medium, in addition to hyphae and sporangia.

Draft Genomes of strains AiPa1 and AiPs1 Retrieved from Soil with Monocultures of or using as Capture Plant.

The genomes of two nitrogen-fixing strains, AiPa1 and AiPs1, are described as representatives of two novel candidate species Both strains were isolated from root nodules of , used as capture plants in bioassays on soils from a reforested site at Karttula, Finland, that was devoid of actinorhizal plants but contained 25 year-old monocultures of spruce ( (L.) Karsten) or pine ( L.), respectively.

Draft Genome of sp. Strain R82, an Isolate from Root Nodules of Myrica gale.

The sp. strain R82 genome is described as representative of a novel candidate species within cluster 1, as indicated by average nucleotide identity (ANI) analyses, with its closest relatives being Frankia nodulisporulans AgTrs and strains Ag45/Mut15 and AgPM24 (86% identity).

Draft Genomes of Symbiotic Strains AgB32 and AgKG'84/4 from Root Nodules of growing under Contrasted Environmental Conditions.

The genomes of two nitrogen-fixing strains, AgB32 and AgKG'84/4, were isolated from spore-containing (spore+) and spore-free (spore-) root nodules of , but they did not sporulate upon reinfection. The two strains are described as representatives of two novel candidate species Phylogenomic and ANI analyses indicate that each strain represents a novel species within cluster 1, with genome sizes of 6.3 and 6.

Quantification of members of the Mycobacterium chelonae-abscessus complex in lesions of the endangered houston toad (Anaxyrus houstonensis).

Illumina-based 16S rRNA V3 amplicon sequencing of total DNA obtained from soft tissue lesions (joint granulomas) of the endangered Houston toad (Anaxyrus houstonensis) demonstrated that many reads represented members of the actinobacterial Mycobacterium chelonae-abscessus complex. In order to quantify members of this complex in those lesions, we designed three complex-specific primer set/probe combinations (sets I, II and III) targeting variable regions on the 23S rRNA gene for SybrGreen- and Taqman-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Both SybrGreen- and Taqman-based analyses specifically detected members of the M.

Draft Genomes of Nitrogen-fixing Strains Ag45/Mut15 and AgPM24 Isolated from Root Nodules of .

The genomes of two nitrogen-fixing strains, Ag45/Mut15 and AgPM24, isolated from root nodules of are described as representatives of a novel candidate species Phylogenomic and ANI analyses confirmed that both strains are related to cluster 1 frankiae, and that both strains belong to a novel species. At 6.4 - 6.

Effect of different Alnus taxa on abundance and diversity of introduced and indigenous Frankia in soils and root nodules.

The effect of host plants on the abundance and distribution of introduced and indigenous Frankia populations was assessed in soils and root nodules of four alder species, Alnus glutinosa,Alnus cordata,Alnus rubra and Alnus viridis. Plants were grown in microcosms with either a sandy soil without detectable frankiae, with or without inoculation of a mixture of Frankia isolates, or a silty clay loam soil with indigenous Frankia. The presence of frankiae in soils increased plant height and root nodule formation, with significant increases in the presence of indigenous frankiae.

MYCOBACTERIA IN SKIN LESIONS AND THE HABITAT OF THE ENDANGERED HOUSTON TOAD (ANAXYRUS HOUSTONENSIS).

Head-starting of the federally endangered Houston toad (Anaxyrus houstonensis), that is, the release of egg strands, tadpoles, and metamorphic juveniles produced in captivity into the original breeding ponds, requires assessment of potential threats for the transmission of pathogens from captive to free-ranging toads. We used Illumina-based 16S rRNA V3 amplicon sequencing to investigate the community structure of bacteria from skin lesions of captive Houston toad and habitat (pond) samples. Proteobacteria, alone or together with Actinobacteria and, in some samples, Cyanobacteria represented virtually all reads in tissue lesion samples, whereas pond samples were much more diverse, with Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteriodetes, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia present with little variation between samples.

An improved method for the cost-effective expression and purification of large quantities of KcsA.

KcsA, the bacterial K(+) channel from Streptomyces lividans, is the prototypical model system to study the functional and structural correlations of the pore domain of eukaryotic voltage-gated K(+) channels (Kv channels). It contains all the molecular elements responsible for ion conduction, activation, deactivation and inactivation gating [1]. KcsA's structural simplicity makes it highly amenable for structural studies.