Outcome in pediatric celiac disease is independent of the diagnostic approach in patients with high antibody levels.

Objectives: European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) guidelines enable the diagnosis of celiac disease (CD) without biopsies in patients with immunoglobulin A (IgA)-antibodies against tissue transglutaminase (TGA-IgA) ≥ 10× the upper limit of normal (ULN) and positivity of endomysial antibodies in a second blood sample. Limited data exist comparing the biopsy versus the nonbiopsy diagnostic approach regarding long-term outcomes in CD patients. Our study aimed to investigate the influence of the diagnostic approach on adherence to gluten-free diet (GFD), serological remission (defined as normalization of TGA-IgA during follow-up (FU)) and clinical remission in CD patients with TGA-IgA ≥ 10× ULN.

Impact of Diagnostic Delay on Disease Course in Pediatric- versus Adult-Onset Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: Data from the Swiss IBD Cohort.

Introduction: Given the lack of data, we aimed to assess the impact of the length of diagnostic delay on the natural history of ulcerative colitis (UC) in pediatric (diagnosed <18 years) and adult patients (diagnosed ≥18 years).

Methods: Data from the Swiss Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort Study were analyzed. Diagnostic delay was defined as the interval between the first appearance of UC-related symptoms until diagnosis.

Impact of Overweight and Obesity on Disease Outcome in the Pediatric Swiss Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort.

Unlabelled: Given the paucity of data, we aimed to assess the impact of obesity on disease activity, complications, and quality of life (QoL) in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients.

Methods: Prospective analysis of pediatric IBD patients. Patients were categorized into 4 groups according to the World Health Organization (WHO) child growth standards: obese, overweight, normal weight, and underweight.

Newborns with Bloody Stools-At the Crossroad between Efficient Management of Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Antibiotic Stewardship.

The onset of bloody stools in neonates often results in antibiotic treatment for suspected necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP) is an often-neglected differential diagnosis. We performed a retrospective analysis of antibiotic exposure at our tertiary center from 2011 to 2020 that included three time periods of differing antimicrobial stewardship goals.

Molecular and Histological Profiling Reveals an Innate-Shaped Immune Microenvironment in Solitary Juvenile Polyps.

Introduction: Solitary juvenile polyps (JP) are characterized by a benign disease course with low recurrence rate but present with signs of intestinal inflammation. To better understand the underlying pathogenesis, we performed histological and molecular evaluation targeting distinct immune mechanisms.

Methods: Pediatric patients with JP (n = 12), with treatment-naïve inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; [n = 41]) as inflammatory control, and non-IBD controls (n = 14) were investigated.

Comparative study of preterm infants fed new and existing human milk fortifiers showed favourable markers of gastrointestinal status.

Aim: This study examined the influence of different human milk fortifiers on biomarkers of gastrointestinal immaturity and inflammation in preterm infants.

Methods: We report secondary outcomes from a controlled, double-blind, randomised, parallel group study conducted from 2011 to 2014 in neonatal intensive care units at 11 metropolitan hospitals in France, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland and Italy. Preterm infants born at up to 32 weeks or weighing up to 1500 g were randomised to a new powdered human milk fortifier (n = 77) or a control fortifier (n = 76) for a minimum of 21 days.

Systematic Analysis of the Impact of Diagnostic Delay on Bowel Damage in Paediatric Versus Adult Onset Crohn's Disease.

Background And Aims: Length of diagnostic delay is associated with bowel strictures and intestinal surgery in adult patients with Crohn's disease [CD]. Here we assessed whether diagnostic delay similarly impacts on the natural history of paediatric CD patients.

Methods: Data from the Swiss IBD Cohort Study were analysed.

Management of Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: A Position Paper From the ESPGHAN Polyposis Working Group.

The European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Polyposis Working Group developed recommendations to assist clinicians and health care providers with appropriate management of patients with juvenile polyposis. This is the first juvenile polyposis Position Paper published by ESPGHAN with invited experts. Many of the published studies were descriptive and/or retrospective in nature, consequently after incorporating a modified version of the GRADE system many of the recommendations are based on expert opinion.

PR3-ANCA and panel diagnostics in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease to distinguish ulcerative colitis from Crohn's disease.

Background: Accurate classification of patients with inflammatory bowel disease into the subtypes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) is still a challenge, but important for therapy and prognosis.

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic utility of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies specific for proteinase-3 (PR3-ANCA) for ulcerative colitis (UC) and the value of an antibody panel incorporating PR3-ANCA to differentiate between Crohn's disease (CD) and UC.

Study Design: In this cohort study, 122 pediatric and adolescent individuals were retrospectively included (61 IBD patients of two clinical centers, 61 non-IBD controls).

Change of treatment modalities over the last 10 years in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Switzerland.

Background And Aim: During the past decade, several new drugs were approved for the treatment of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to evaluate if and how pharmacologic treatment options for pediatric IBD in Switzerland have changed over time.

Patients And Methods: Data from the pediatric Swiss IBD Cohort Study, a national prospective cohort study initiated in 2006, were analyzed.

Age at disease onset of inflammatory bowel disease is associated with later extraintestinal manifestations and complications.

Introduction: A small but increasing number of patients with inflammatory bowel disease are diagnosed during childhood or adolescence, and disease distribution and severity at onset vary according to the age at diagnosis. Clinical factors present at the time of diagnosis can be predictive of the disease course.

Aim: The aim of this study was to characterize disease behavior and the cumulative complications and extraintestinal manifestations 10 years after the diagnosis and to assess their association with age at diagnosis.

Nutrient intake of Swiss toddlers.

Purpose: During the first years of life, food preferences are shaped that might last throughout a person's entire life affecting his/her health in the long term. However, knowledge on early feeding habits is still limited for toddlers. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to: (1) assess toddlers' nutrient intake; (2) compare the findings to past studies as well as to national feeding recommendations and (3) identify major food sources for energy and macronutrients.

Growth and Nutritional Biomarkers of Preterm Infants Fed a New Powdered Human Milk Fortifier: A Randomized Trial.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess growth and nutritional biomarkers of preterm infants fed human milk (HM) supplemented with a new powdered HM fortifier (nHMF) or a control HM fortifier (cHMF). The nHMF provides similar energy content, 16% more protein (partially hydrolyzed whey), and higher micronutrient levels than the cHMF, along with medium-chain triglycerides and docosahexaenoic acid.

Methods: In this controlled, multicenter, double-blind study, a sample of preterm infants ≤32 weeks or ≤1500 g were randomized to receive nHMF (n = 77) or cHMF (n = 76) for a minimum of 21 days.

The Use of 5-Aminosalicylic Acid in Children and Adolescents With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: In ulcerative colitis (UC) 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) is recommended as primary therapy for mild to moderate disease. Topical 5-ASA has been proven especially effective. In Crohn's disease (CD) the evidence for a beneficial role of 5-ASA is weak.

Changes in health-related quality of life over a 1-year follow-up period in children with inflammatory bowel disease.

Purpose: Little is known about disease-specific health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) changes over time in paediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and about their associations with baseline medical characteristics.

Methods: In this study, 153 paediatric patients with IBD from the multicentre prospective Swiss IBD cohort study were included at baseline. Of these, 90 patients were analysed at a 1-year follow-up.

Extraintestinal Manifestations of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Prevalence, Presentation, and Anti-TNF Treatment.

Background: There is a paucity of data on extraintestinal manifestations (EIM) and their treatment in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods: Since 2008, the Pediatric Swiss IBD Cohort Study has collected data on the pediatric IBD population in Switzerland. Data on 329 patients were analyzed retrospectively.

Measurement of fecal elastase improves performance of newborn screening for cystic fibrosis.

Background: The aim of newborn screening (NBS) for CF is to detect children with 'classic' CF where early treatment is possible and improves prognosis. Children with inconclusive CF diagnosis (CFSPID) should not be detected, as there is no evidence for improvement through early treatment. No algorithm in current NBS guidelines explains what to do when sweat test (ST) fails.

Quality of Life in Swiss Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: Do Patients and Their Parents Experience Disease in the Same Way?

Background And Aims: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) may impair quality of life (QoL) in paediatric patients. We aimed to evaluate in a nationwide cohort whether patients experience QoL in a different way when compared with their parents.

Methods: Sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics were prospectively acquired from paediatric patients and their parents included in the Swiss IBD Cohort Study.

Eosinophilic esophagitis as paraneoplastic syndrome in a patient with ganglioneuroblastoma.

A 16-month-old boy presented with failure to thrive despite sufficient caloric intake, hypersalivation, abdominal pain, chronic diarrhea and blepharitis. An eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) was diagnosed by esophageal biopsy. Dietary restrictions and topical steroid treatment lead to no improvement.

Gender differences in paediatric patients of the swiss inflammatory bowel disease cohort study.

Purpose: Gender differences in paediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are frequently reported as a secondary outcome and the results are divergent. To assess gender differences by analysing data collected within the Swiss IBD cohort study database since 2008, related to children with IBD, using the Montreal classification for a systematic approach.

Methods: Data on gender, age, anthropometrics, disease location at diagnosis, disease behaviour, and therapy of 196 patients, 105 with Crohn's disease (CD) and 91 with ulcerative or indeterminate colitis (UC/IC) were retrieved and analysed.

Shorter time since inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis in children is associated with lower mental health in parents.

Aim: This study assessed the mental health of parents of children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), compared their mental health with age-matched and gender-matched references and examined parental and child predictors for mental health problems.

Methods: A total of 125 mothers and 106 fathers of 125 children with active and inactive IBD from the Swiss IBD multicentre cohort study were included. Parental mental health was assessed by the Symptom Checklist 27 and child behaviour problems by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.

Early-onset Crohn's disease is a risk factor for smaller final height.

Objectives: Growth retardation is a frequent complication of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Only a few studies report the final height of these patients, with controversial results. We compared adult height of patients with paediatric IBD with that of patients with adult-onset disease.

Validation of the IMPACT-III quality of life questionnaire in Swiss children with inflammatory bowel disease.

Background And Aims: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) frequently manifests during childhood and adolescence. For providing and understanding a comprehensive picture of a patients' health status, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instruments are an essential complement to clinical symptoms and functional limitations. Currently, the IMPACT-III questionnaire is one of the most frequently used disease-specific HRQoL instrument among patients with IBD.