EPA guidance on lifestyle interventions for adults with severe mental illness: A meta-review of the evidence.

There is growing interest in lifestyle interventions as stand-alone and add-on therapies in mental health care due to their potential benefits for both physical and mental health outcomes. We evaluated lifestyle interventions focusing on physical activity, diet, and sleep in adults with severe mental illness (SMI) and the evidence for their effectiveness. To this end, we conducted a meta-review and searched major electronic databases for articles published prior to 09/2022 and updated our search in 03/2024.

Efficiency of passive activated carbon anaesthetic gas capturing systems during simulated ventilation.

Background: Interest in passive flow filter systems to remove sevoflurane from anaesthetic machine exhaust have increased recently to mitigate the environmental impact of volatile anaesthetics. These filter systems consist of chemically activated carbon, with limited evidence on their performance characteristics. We hypothesised that their efficiency depends on filter material.

Selected 2023 Highlights in Congenital Cardiac Anesthesia.

This article reviews the highlights of pertinent literature of interest to the congenital cardiac anesthesiologist published in 2023. After a search of the US National Library of Medicine PubMed database, several topics emerged where significant contributions were made in 2023. The authors of this article considered the following topics noteworthy to be included in this review: (1) advancements in percutaneous mechanical support in children with congenital heart disease, (2) children with pulmonary hypertension undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease, (3) dexmedetomidine in pediatric cardiac surgery, and (4) recommendations for pediatric heart surgery in the United States: Implications for pediatric cardiac anesthesia.

Comparison of Force Distribution during Laryngoscopy with the C-MAC D-BLADE and Macintosh-Style Blades: A Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial.

: The geometry of a laryngoscope's blade determines the forces acting on the pharyngeal structures to a relevant degree. Knowledge about the force distribution along the blade may prospectively allow for the development of less traumatic blades. Therefore, we examined the forces along the blades experienced during laryngoscopy with the C-MAC D-BLADE and blades of the Macintosh style.

Effective volume of rebreathed air during breathing with facepieces increases with protection class and decreases with ambient airflow.

Wearing facepieces is discussed in the context of increasing the volume of rebreathed air. We hypothesized that rebreathed air volume increases with increasing filtering facepiece (FFP) class and that persons breathing via facepieces compensate for the additional dead-space. We have determined the effective amount of rebreathed air for a surgical masks and FFP2 and FFP3 respirators in a physical model and determined tidal volumes, breathing frequency, blood oxygen saturation, and transcutaneously measured blood carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2) in lung-healthy subjects breathing without and with facepieces at rest and during exercising on a recumbent ergometer.

Comparative usability of manual defibrillators - A human factors study.

Background: A manual defibrillator represents key equipment for resuscitation of cardiac arrest scenario. Improper or slow operation of a defibrillator may adversely affect acute care. A self-explanatory interface facilitates handling and decreases the risk of operating errors.

Calculating intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure from end-expiratory flow in mechanically ventilated children-A study in physical models of the pediatric respiratory system.

Rationale: The high resistance of pediatric endotracheal tubes (ETTs) exposes mechanically ventilated children to a particular risk of developing intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (iPEEP). To date, determining iPEEP at the bedside requires the execution of special maneuvers, interruption of ventilation, or additional invasive measurements. Outside such interventions, iPEEP may be unrecognized.

Establishment and validation of intravenous anesthesia with dexmedetomidine for pigs under assisted spontaneous breathing: A preclinical model of intensive care conditions.

Large animal models are frequently used to investigate new medical approaches. In most cases, animals are kept under general anesthesia and mandatory mechanical ventilation during the experiments. However, in some situations assisted spontaneous breathing is essential, e.

Dynamic regulation of pancreatic β cell function and gene expression by the SND1 coregulator .

The pancreatic β cell synthesizes, packages, and secretes insulin in response to glucose-stimulation to maintain blood glucose homeostasis. Under diabetic conditions, a subset of β cells fail and lose expression of key transcription factors (TFs) required for insulin secretion. Among these TFs is Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1), which recruits a unique subset of transcriptional coregulators to modulate its activity.

Recommendations for centers performing pediatric heart surgery in the United States.

Care and outcomes for the more than 40,000 patients undergoing pediatric and congenital heart surgery in the United States annually are known to vary widely. While consensus recommendations have been published across numerous fields as one mechanism to promote a high level of care delivery across centers, it has been more than two decades since the last pediatric heart surgery recommendations were published in the United States. More recent guidance is lacking, and collaborative efforts involving the many disciplines engaged in caring for these children have not been undertaken to date.

Recommendations for Centers Performing Pediatric Heart Surgery in the United States.

Care and outcomes for the more than 40,000 patients undergoing pediatric and congenital heart surgery in the United States annually are known to vary widely. While consensus recommendations have been published across numerous fields as one mechanism to promote a high level of care delivery across centers, it has been more than two decades since the last pediatric heart surgery recommendations were published in the United States. More recent guidance is lacking, and collaborative efforts involving the many disciplines engaged in caring for these children have not been undertaken to date.

Recommendations for Centers Performing Pediatric Heart Surgery in the United States.

Care and outcomes for the more than 40,000 patients undergoing pediatric and congenital heart surgery in the United States annually are known to vary widely. While consensus recommendations have been published across numerous fields as one mechanism to promote a high level of care delivery across centers, it has been more than two decades since the last pediatric heart surgery recommendations were published in the United States. More recent guidance is lacking, and collaborative efforts involving the many disciplines engaged in caring for these children have not been undertaken to date.

Machine learning optimization of candidate antibody yields highly diverse sub-nanomolar affinity antibody libraries.

Therapeutic antibodies are an important and rapidly growing drug modality. However, the design and discovery of early-stage antibody therapeutics remain a time and cost-intensive endeavor. Here we present an end-to-end Bayesian, language model-based method for designing large and diverse libraries of high-affinity single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) that are then empirically measured.

The Chd4 Helicase Regulates Chromatin Accessibility and Gene Expression Critical for β-Cell Function In Vivo.

Unlabelled: The transcriptional activity of Pdx1 is modulated by a diverse array of coregulatory factors that govern chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, and nucleosome distribution. We previously identified the Chd4 subunit of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase complex as a Pdx1-interacting factor. To identify how loss of Chd4 impacts glucose homeostasis and gene expression programs in β-cells in vivo, we generated an inducible β-cell-specific Chd4 knockout mouse model.

The Chd4 subunit of the NuRD complex regulates Pdx1-controlled genes involved in β-cell function.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with loss of transcription factors (TFs) from a subset of failing β-cells. Among these TFs is Pdx1, which controls the expression of numerous genes involved in maintaining β-cell function and identity. Pdx1 activity is modulated by transcriptional coregulators and has recently been shown, through an unbiased screen, to interact with the Chd4 ATPase subunit of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase complex.

Privacy-Preserving Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Biomedicine.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has been successfully applied in numerous scientific domains. In biomedicine, AI has already shown tremendous potential, e.g.

Understanding pediatric ventilation in the operative setting. Part I: Physical principles of monitoring in the modern anesthesia workstation.

The modern anesthesia workstation provides a wealth of information some of which is of particular interest when it comes to optimizing ventilation settings. This knowledge gains even more importance in the therapy of pediatric patients. In the absence of evidence-based recommendations on optimal ventilation settings in pediatric patients, the evaluation of individual factors becomes crucial and challenging at the same time.

Understanding pediatric ventilation in the operative setting. Part II: Setting perioperative ventilation.

Approaches toward lung-protective ventilation have increasingly been investigated in recent years. Despite evidence being found in adults undergoing surgery, data in younger children are still scarce and controversial. From a physiological perspective, however, the continuously changing characteristics of the respiratory system from birth through adolescence require an approach based on the analysis of each individual patient.

Identification of direct transcriptional targets of NFATC2 that promote β cell proliferation.

The transcription factor NFATC2 induces β cell proliferation in mouse and human islets. However, the genomic targets that mediate these effects have not been identified. We expressed active forms of Nfatc2 and Nfatc1 in human islets.

The Contribution of Transcriptional Coregulators in the Maintenance of β-cell Function and Identity.

Islet β-cell dysfunction that leads to impaired insulin secretion is a principal source of pathology of diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, this breakdown in β-cell health is associated with compromised islet-enriched transcription factor (TF) activity that disrupts gene expression programs essential for cell function and identity. TF activity is modulated by recruited coregulators that govern activation and/or repression of target gene expression, thereby providing a supporting layer of control.