Oxidative stress and frailty: A systematic review and synthesis of the best evidence.

Objective: Oxidative stress (OS) is associated with accelerated aging. Previous studies have suggested a possible relationship between OS and frailty but this association remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review to investigate potential interactions between OS and frailty.

Which is preferable for orthostatic hypotension diagnosis in older adults: active standing test or head-up tilt table test?

Background: Correct evaluation of orthostatic hypotension (OH) is crucial in geriatric practice, since OH is associated with mortality and morbidity. The study aimed to determine the most appropriate method for measuring blood pressure in transition from supine to upright position in order to diagnose OH in older adults.

Methods: Active standing test (AST) and head-up tilt table (HUT) test as well as comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), including mini-mental state examination or the cognitive state test, mini-nutritional assessment, basic and instrumental activities of daily living, and Tinetti performance-oriented mobility assessment indexes, were performed in 290 geriatric patients.

Uric acid may be protective against cognitive impairment in older adults, but only in those without cardiovascular risk factors.

Uric acid (UA) may not only prevent development of cognitive dysfunction owing to its antioxidant efficacy, but also may worsen cognitive functions by gaining pro-oxidant character. The present study attempts to uncover this paradoxical association between UA and cognitive impairment in elderly. 1374 elderly patients were retrospectively evaluated and included in the study.

The effects of sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, on cognitive functions in elderly diabetic patients with or without Alzheimer's disease.

Aims: The present study aimed to evaluate effect of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4I), on cognitive functions in elderly diabetic patients with and without cognitive impairment.

Methods: 253 elderly patients with type 2DM, were enrolled in this prospective and observational study. After comprehensive geriatric assessment, the patients were divided into either sitagliptin or non-sitagliptin group.

Restless Leg Syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease in women with iron deficiency anemia.

Background And Purpose: Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) also known as Willis-Ekbom Disease (WED) is a common condition associated with reduced quality of life and other medical conditions, particularly cardiovascular diseases. Despite its common occurrence, it is widely underdiagnosed and undertreated. Therefore, identification of high-risk individuals for RLS/WED bears diagnostic and therapeutic significance.

Inflammation and frailty in the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The pathogenesis of frailty and the role of inflammation is poorly understood. We examined the evidence considering the relationship between inflammation and frailty through a systematic review and meta-analysis. A systematic literature search of papers providing data on inflammatory biomarkers and frailty was carried out in major electronic databases from inception until May 2016.

Effects of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors on Balance and Gait Functions and Orthostatic Hypotension in Elderly Patients With Alzheimer Disease.

Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AchEI) therapy on balance, gait, and orthostatic hypotension (OH) in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: A total of 102 elderly patients with AD have been recently diagnosed and were treated with AchEI and underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment at baseline and at the end of the sixth month.

Results: Timed Up and Go test and Tinetti Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment values and the prevalence of OH were not different at the end of the sixth month versus baseline (P > .

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are associated with weight loss in older people with dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the influence of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) therapy on nutritional status and weight across observational and interventional studies. Two authors searched major electronic databases from inception until 10/14/2015 for longitudinal, open-label and randomised double-blind placebo controlled (randomised controlled trials (RCTs)) studies of AChEIs in patients with dementia reporting nutritional status outcome data. Out of 3551 initial hits, 25 studies (12 open-label trials, 9 RCTs and 4 longitudinal studies) including 10 792 patients with dementia were meta-analysed.

When should orthostatic blood pressure changes be evaluated in elderly: 1st, 3rd or 5th minute?

Detection of orthostatic hypotension (OH) is very important in geriatric practice, since OH is associated with mortality, ischemic stroke, falls, cognitive failure and depression. It was aimed to determine the most appropriate time for measuring blood pressure in transition from supine to upright position in order to diagnose OH in elderly. Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) including Head up Tilt Table (HUT) test was performed in 407 geriatric patients.

Hypovitaminosis D and orthostatic hypotension: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Orthostatic hypotension is a common condition among older adults and is associated with a range of deleterious outcomes. Recently, interest has developed in hypovitaminosis D (defined as low 25 hydroxiyvitamin D levels) as a potential risk factor for orthostatic hypotension. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the association of orthostatic hypotension between study participants with and without hypovitaminosis D, including the adjustment of potential confounders (age, sex, BMI, renal function, comorbidities, seasonality, use of antihypertensive medications, and supplementation with cholecalciferol).

Effects of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors on Nutritional Status in Elderly Patients with Dementia: A 6-month Follow-up Study.

Objectives: Nutritional status is one of the factors that affects disease progression, morbidity and mortality in elderly patients with dementia. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AchEI) therapy on nutritional status and food intake in the elderly.

Design, Setting And Participants: Newly diagnosed patients with dementia, who underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) and were followed at regular intervals, were retrospectively evaluated.

The Saint Louis University Mental Status Examination Is Better than the Mini-Mental State Examination to Determine the Cognitive Impairment in Turkish Elderly People.

Introduction: Presence of detailed screening instruments to detect cognitive impairment in the older adults' culture and language is very essential. The Saint Louis University Mental Status Examination (SLUMS) is one of cognitive screening scales used. The aim of the study was to establish the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of SLUMS (SLUMS-T).

Intracranial hypotension-like syndrome after a spinal tap test performed for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.

It is somewhat unexpected to have headaches in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) for which the treatment is drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using shunt. Moreover, intracranial hypotension syndrome (IHS) can be a challenging diagnosis, as CSF leak may be difficult to confirm as imaging findings can be normal. This report describes a woman with INPH who developed symptoms of IHS after a spinal tap test.

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in an elderly patient with normal pressure hydrocephalus overlapping corticobasal degeneration.

In this case report, neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) in an elderly patient with normal pressure hydrocephalus overlapping corticobasal degeneration was reported. The case highlights the need for clinicians to be cautious when using dopaminergic medication in the elderly patients, since these agents have risks for NMS which is a life-threatening complication. Additionally, co-occurrence of primary and secondary parkinsonian dementia syndromes should be kept in mind to avoid additional complications in the elderly patients.

Which rivastigmine formula is better for heart in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease: oral or patch?

Objective: Rivastigmine is commonly used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). All cholinesterase inhibitors, including rivastigmine, may cause cardiac side effects. The aim of this study is to compare the electrocardiographic (ECG) and hypotensive effects of formulations of rivastigmine.

A comparison of end-stage renal disease and Alzheimer's disease in the elderly through a comprehensive geriatric assessment.

Purpose: The percentage of patients receiving haemodialysis (HD) treatment and of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) within the elderly population is increasing day by day. Functional dependence, malnutrition, cognitive impairment or depression impairs the quality of life and increases mortality in both diseases. This study aims to assess HD and AD patients through comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) and compare their results.

Does vitamin D deficiency increase orthostatic hypotension risk in the elderly patients?

Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is closely associated with falls, cardiovascular events and mortality in the elderly patients. The aim of the study is to evaluate the OH prevalence among patients over the age of 65 years, to find out the impact of this condition on daily living activities, and to determine the possible effects of vitamin D levels on OH in elderly patients. Eight hundred and forty nine geriatric patients who had undergone comprehensive geriatric assessment were retrospectively evaluated and 546 patients were included in the study.

Effect of vildagliptin add-on treatment to metformin on plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Aims: A close association has been demonstrated between increased cardiovascular risk and high asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. We planned to measure serum ADMA levels in type 2 DM patients using vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.

Materials And Methods: A total of 68 type 2 DM patients who were on metformin were enrolled in the study.

Vitamin B12 and folic acid levels are not related to length of stay in elderly inpatients.

Objective: We designed this study, to evaluate the interaction (relation) between vitamin B12 and folic acid levels and length of hospital stay in elderly inpatients.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF) test was used to evaluate nutritional status of 615 (239 men, 376 female; mean age 72.89 ± 8.

COST: Cognitive State Test, a brief screening battery for Alzheimer disease in illiterate and literate patients.

Background: The aim was to develop a brief screening battery, Cognitive State Test (COST), for detecting the presence of dementia in both illiterate and literate patients and to assess its validity and reliability.

Methods: COST is a cognitive screening tool that consists of almost all cognitive domains. It takes 5-7 minutes to administer, and has a maximum score of 30.