Oncocytic type has distinct immunohistochemical and recurrence-free survival than other histologic types of the intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct.

Although intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm (IOPN) was considered distinct from the intraductal papillary neoplasm of the pancreas, the oncocytic histologic type remained as a subtype of intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct (IPNBs) with gastric, intestinal, and pancreatobiliary types based on the fifth edition of the WHO classification. To test the characteristics of the oncocytic type of IPNBs, the histopathologic, immunohistochemical (Hep Par-1 and CD117), and clinical characteristics of 13 oncocytic type were compared with 114 others (15 gastric, 39 pancreatobiliary, and 60 intestinal) IPNB types. The oncocytic type, which occupied about 9% of IPNBs, was more frequent in females (p < 0.

Prognostic Significance of Intratumoral and Peritumoral Budding in Distal Extrahepatic Bile Duct Carcinoma.

Introduction: Although tumor budding (TB) has been recognized as a representative adverse prognosticator in gastrointestinal malignancies, it is not well elucidated in distal extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma (DBDC). Herein, we investigated the prognostic significance of peritumoral (PTB) and intratumoral (ITB) budding according to the modified DBDC staging of the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer.

Methods: PTB and ITB were independently evaluated in a cohort of DBDC patients (n = 410) based on the 2016 International Tumor Budding Consensus Conference.

Soft Tissue Chondroma of the Chin.

Soft tissue chondromas are benign tumors, generally of the hands or feet, very rarely of the head and neck region. Repeated microtrauma may be as an initiating factor. The authors describe a case of a soft tissue chondroma of the chin in a 58-year-old male who had used a continuous positive airway pressure face mask for obstructive sleep apnea for 3 years.

Tumor Microenvironment Prognostic Risk and Its Association With MUC5AC in Ampullary Carcinoma.

Context.—: The tumor-host interaction in the tumor microenvironment (TME) affects the prognosis of patients with malignant tumors. TME assessed via tumor budding (BD) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) had a prognostic impact in patients with nonampullary small intestinal and colorectal carcinomas.

Diagnostic Value of Nestin Expression in Adult Gliomas.

Nestin, a type VI intermediate filament, is expressed in neuroepithelial cells during embryogenesis and has been expressed in various human tumors. Recent studies reported that the expression was associated with poor prognosis in brain tumors, but the results were inconclusive. In this study, we evaluated usefulness of nestin expression as a prognostic biomarker in consideration of mutation and the World Health Organization (WHO) classification fifth edition.

Pancreatic Cysts after Endoscopic Ultrasonography-Guided Ethanol and/or Paclitaxel Ablation Therapy: Another Mimic of Pancreatic Pseudocysts.

Background: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided ablation (EUS-A) therapy is a minimally invasive procedure for pancreatic-cystic tumors in patients with preoperative comorbidities or in patients who are not indicated for surgical resection. However, histopathologic characteristics of pancreatic cysts after ablation have not been well-elucidated.

Methods: Here, we analyzed pathological findings of 12 surgically resected pancreatic cysts after EUS-A with ethanol and/or paclitaxel injection.

Psychomotor Speed Predicts Outcome in Patients with Acute Meningitis and Encephalitis: A Prospective Observational Study.

Although acute meningitis and encephalitis are known to cause cognitive dysfunction, the prognostic values of neuropsychological and neurophysiological tests in predicting clinical outcomes are seldom studied. We investigated specific neurocognitive dysfunction and event-related potentials (ERPs), which can predict functional outcomes in patients with acute meningitis and encephalitis. .

Non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours: ATRX/DAXX and alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) are prognostically independent from ARX/PDX1 expression and tumour size.

Objective: Recent studies have found aristaless-related homeobox gene (ARX)/pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1), alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation X-linked (ATRX)/death domain-associated protein (DAXX) and alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) to be promising prognostic biomarkers for non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (NF-PanNETs). However, they have not been comprehensively evaluated, especially among small NF-PanNETs (≤2.0 cm).

Preclinical Evidence of and Its Noncurcuminoid Constituents against Hepatobiliary Diseases: A Review.

Hepatobiliary disease currently serves as an important public health issue due to the fact that it is one of the major causes of death among economically active individuals and can easily progress to chronic diseases. Despite the development of vaccines and numerous drugs, a definite treatment remains lacking owing to different stages of the disease itself, its intricate pathogenesis, an effect uncertainty for long-term use, resistance, and side effects. (), which belongs to the family Zingiberaceae and the genus , has long been used not only as spice for curry or dye but also as a constituent of herbal formula for the treatment of different diseases due to its bioactive activities.

Clinicopathological significance of olfactomedin-4 in extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma.

The clinicopathological and prognostic significance of olfactomedin-4 (OLFM4) expression has not yet been elucidated in extrahepatic bile duct carcinomas (EBDCs). Immunohistochemical analysis of OLFM4 expression in 31 normal biliary epithelia, 33 biliary intraepithelial neoplasias (BilINs), and 180 surgically resected EBDCs (54 perihilar and 126 distal) was performed and was used to analyze clinicopathological variables including patient survival. The expression of OLFM4 showed a progressive increase from normal biliary epithelia (0.

Efficacy and Safety of an mHealth App and Wearable Device in Physical Performance for Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Development and Usability Study.

Background: Exercise is predicted to have a positive effect among hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, these patients are hesitant to start and build up an exercise program for one major reason: the vague fear of developing hepatic decompensation, a potentially fatal condition that can lead to death. Integrating mobile health (mHealth) with individualized exercise programs could be a possible option for promoting physical capacity among HCC patients.

Clinicopathologic and Prognostic Significance of Gallbladder and Cystic Duct Invasion in Distal Bile Duct Carcinoma.

Context.—: The roles of the gallbladder and cystic duct (CD) invasions in distal bile duct carcinoma (DBDC) have not been well elucidated.

Objective.

Mechanical Properties of Muscles around the Shoulder in Breast Cancer Patients: Intra-rater and Inter-rater Reliability of the MyotonPRO.

Background: Patients with breast cancer typically experience changes in the properties of muscles around the shoulder. However, there is no appropriate evaluation tool for these changes.

Objective: The primary objective was to investigate the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of muscle-related parameters measured by the MyotonPRO, a myotonometer device.

Pancreatic High-Grade Neuroendocrine Neoplasms in the Korean Population: A Multicenter Study.

Purpose: The most recent 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) has refined the three-tiered 2010 scheme by separating grade 3 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (G3 PanNETs) from poorly differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (PanNECs). However, differentiating between G3 Pan- NETs and PanNECs is difficult in clinical practice.

Materials And Methods: Eighty-two surgically resected PanNENs were collected from 16 institutions and reclassified according to the 2017 WHO classification based on the histological features and proliferation index (mitosis and Ki-67).

Multiple KRAS mutations in the non-mucinous epithelial lining in the majority of mucinous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas.

Aims: Mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs) of the pancreas are cystic neoplasms lined by mucinous lining epithelium (MLE) with associated ovarian-type stroma. Although a non-MLE (NMLE) can be observed in some MCNs, whether cystic neoplasms with ovarian-type stroma and NMLE should be classified as MCNs or separately designated is debated.

Methods And Results: To test this, NMLEs were defined as flat or cuboidal epithelial cells without intracytoplasmic mucin.

The association of diabetes duration and glycemic control with depression in elderly men with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: The prevalence of depression and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are increasing in the elderly and are reportedly related to each other. We evaluated the relationship between T2DM-related factors and the degree of depression in elderly patients with T2DM based on gender.

Materials And Methods: A total of 155 patients with T2DM (56 males and 99 females aged ≥ 65 years) from seven hospitals were included in the study.

Prediction of Recurrence With KRAS Mutational Burden Using Ultrasensitive Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction of Radial Resection Margin of Resected Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Objective: Although complete surgical resection is the only curative method for pancreatic cancer, the radial resection margins of pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy specimens might be underevaluated.

Methods: KRAS mutation was assessed with droplet digital polymerase chain reaction on cells collected from the radial resection margins of 81 patients, and the results were compared with those of conventional pathologic resection margin (pRM) evaluation.

Results: KRAS mutation was detected in 76 patients (94%), and molecular resection margin (mRM) positivity defined by a KRAS mutation rate of 4.

High-grade precursor lesions can be used as surrogate markers to identify the epicenter of periampullary carcinomas.

Identifying the accurate origin of periampullary cancers is important because different origins may trigger different clinicopathological behaviors. The presence of intraepithelial precursor lesions, including high-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs) and/or high-grade biliary intraepithelial neoplasias (BilINs), may be suggestive of the origin of the periampullary carcinoma in challenging cases. To prove the usefulness of high-grade intraepithelial precursor lesions in identifying the origin of ambiguous periampullary cancers, the status and grades of PanINs and BilINs were evaluated in 256 periampullary carcinomas with a well-defined cancer origin as a test set, including 114 pancreatic cancers, 82 distal bile duct cancers, 54 ampullary cancers, and 6 duodenal cancers.

Grading by the Ki-67 Labeling Index of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy Specimens of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors Can Be Underestimated.

Objectives: There is an increasing need for grading with small endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNAB) specimens for the proper diagnosis and therapy selection of patients with unresectable pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNET). However, our understanding of EUS-FNAB specimen grading is limited compared with surgically resected specimens.

Methods: We retrospectively determined Ki-67 labeling index (LI) of 33 matched EUS-FNAB and surgically resected PanNETs with digital image analyzer.

Carbonic anhydrase 9 expression in well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms might be associated with aggressive behavior and poor survival.

Well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms/tumors (PanNETs) are rare neoplasms with diverse clinical behavior. Biomarker discovery is important for predicting clinical course and prognosis of PanNET patients. Carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) and vimentin are hypoxia and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related proteins of which expression in many carcinomas has been associated with poor prognosis, but their significance in PanNET has yet to be determined.

Genetic and metabolic comparison of orthotopic and heterotopic patient-derived pancreatic-cancer xenografts to the original patient tumors.

Tumors from 25 patients with pancreatic cancer were used to establish two patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models: orthotopic PDX (PDOX) and heterotopic (subcutaneous) PDX (PDHX). We compared gene expression by immunohistochemistry, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), DNA methylation, and metabolite levels. The 4 cases, of the total of 13 in which simultaneous PDHX & PDOX models were established, were randomly selected.

Validation of the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system for ampulla of Vater cancer.

Background: The American Joint Committee on Cancer recently proposed the eighth edition of cancer staging system. Validation studies are required to evaluate the prognostic stratification of ampulla of Vater cancer patients.

Methods: In the study, 369 operatively resected patients with ampullary cancers were grouped based on the eighth T (T1a, limited to sphincter of Oddi; T1b, invasion to duodenal submucosa; T2, invasion to duodenal proper muscle; T3a, invasion to pancreas ≤0.

InPZnS alloy quantum dots with tris(hexylthio)phosphine as a dual anionic precursor.

Recently, InP-based quantum dots (QDs) have received significant attention due to their usefulness in display applications, and the search for good optical properties has led to numerous reports on the testing of reaction variables. However, most researchers have precluded the most important anion precursors in their studies, instead of focusing only on tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphine(P(SiMe), TMS3P) precursors. Due to its vulnerability to moisture, TMS3P is unstable and difficult to handle.