Generation of anti-SN38 antibody for loading efficacy and therapeutic monitoring of SN38-containing therapeutics.

SN38, one of the most potent anti-tumor analogues of the camptothecins (CPTs), has limitations in its direct formulation as an anticancer agent due to its super toxicity and poor solubility in water and pharmaceutically approved solvents. However, it has garnered significant scientific interest as a payload in conjugated nanomedicine platforms (e.g.

Inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling using BKM120 reduced the proliferation and migration potentials of colorectal cancer cells and enhanced cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity.

Background: Although extensive efforts have been made to improve the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, the prognosis for these patients remains poor. A wide range of anti-cancer agents has been applied to ameliorate the clinical management of CRC patients; however, drug resistance develops in nearly all patients. Based on the prominent role of PI3K/AKT signaling in the development of CRC and current interest in the application of PI3K inhibitors, we aimed to disclose the exact mechanism underlying the efficacy of BKM120, a well-known pan-class I PI3K inhibitor, in CRC-derived SW480 cells.

In vitro and in silico characterization of a novel glutamate carboxypeptidase from Cohnella sp. A01.

Glutamate carboxypeptidase is a bacterial enzyme of metallopeptidase superfamily. This enzyme is an exo-peptidase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of glutamate residues at the C-terminus of folic acid. The rCP302 is a novel zinc ion-dependent recombinant glutamate carboxypeptidase derived from a thermophilic bacterium, Cohnella sp.

Nano-bio interaction: An overview on the biochemical binding of DNA to inorganic nanoparticles for the development of anticancer and antibacterial nano-platforms.

It has long been known that inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) can interact with biological macromolecules and show a wider range of biomedical characteristics, including antibacterial, anticancer and antioxidant effects, which cannot be mimicked by their bulky counterparts. It is of great importance in their biomedical applications to study DNA damage in bacterial and cancer cells to develop biocompatible therapeutic nano-platforms derived from inorganic NPs. Therefore, to determine how DNA interacts with inorganic NPs serving as therapeutic agents, thermodynamic and structural studies are essential for an understanding of those mechanisms, thereby allowing for their modulation and manipulation of nano-bio interface.

BK polyomavirus in Iranian patients with papillary thyroid cancer: Is it a major future challenge?

BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) is a well-known cause of nephropathy in renal transplant recipients. It has recently received much attention from researchers as a major predisposing factor for various cancers. This study aimed to investigate how BKPyV affected the advancement of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

An Updated Review on EPR-Based Solid Tumor Targeting Nanocarriers for Cancer Treatment.

The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect in cancer treatment is one of the key mechanisms that enables drug accumulation at the tumor site. However, despite a plethora of virus/inorganic/organic-based nanocarriers designed to rely on the EPR effect to effectively target tumors, most have failed in the clinic. It seems that the non-compliance of research activities with clinical trials, goals unrelated to the EPR effect, and lack of awareness of the impact of solid tumor structure and interactions on the performance of drug nanocarriers have intensified this dissatisfaction.

Loading essential oil in solid lipid nanoparticles and its effect on apoptosis of breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231.

has an anti-cancer effect due to its essential oil which is the major constituent of Unfortunately, this essential oil evaporates easily and makes it less effective. The current research, therefore, aimed to improve the anti-cancer effect of essential oil (PAEO) in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN). The chemical components of PAEO were assessed by gas chromatography.

Exploring the Interaction of Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles with Albumin, Leukemia Cancer Cells and Pathogenic Bacteria by Multispectroscopic, Docking, Cellular and Antibacterial Approaches.

Aim: The interaction of NPs with biological systems may reveal useful details about their pharmacodynamic, anticancer and antibacterial effects.

Methods: Herein, the interaction of as-synthesized CoO NPs with HSA was explored by different kinds of fluorescence and CD spectroscopic methods, as well as molecular docking studies. Also, the anticancer effect of CoO NPs against leukemia K562 cells was investigated by MTT, LDH, caspase, real-time PCR, ROS, cell cycle, and apoptosis assays.

Expression of Diverse Angiogenesis Factor in Different Stages of the 4T1 Tumor as a Mouse Model of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is specified by high vascularity and repetitious metastasis. Although several studies have indicated that angiogenesis has an important role in invasive breast cancer, a suitable model of TNBC that can show the exact onset of angiogenesis factors still needs to be developed. The purpose of this study is to determine the expression level of angiogenesis factors in different clinical stages of the 4T1 tumor as TNBC mouse model.

Vitamin K1 As A Potential Molecule For Reducing Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes-Stimulated α-Synuclein Structural Changes And Cytotoxicity.

Aims: Different kinds of vitamins can be used as promising candidates to mitigate the structural changes of proteins and associated cytotoxicity stimulated by NPs. Therefore, the structural changes of α-syn molecules and their associated cytotoxicity in the presence of SWCNTs either alone or co-incubated with vitamin K1 were studied by spectroscopic, bioinformatical, and cellular assays.

Methods: Intrinsic and ThT fluorescence, CD, and Congo red absorption spectroscopic approaches as well as TEM investigation, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics were used to explore the protective effect of vitamin K1 on the structural changes of α-syn induced by SWCNTs.

Inhibition of PI3K pathway using BKM120 intensified the chemo-sensitivity of breast cancer cells to arsenic trioxide (ATO).

Although conventional therapeutic approaches have brought remarkable advantages for the treatment of breast cancer (BC), drug-resistance still remains as a leading cause of tumor recurrence in this malignancy. In the present study, we designed experiments to evaluate the therapeutic value of PI3K inhibition in combination with Arsenic trioxide (ATO) in MCF-7 cells. The results of our study manifested that BKM120 sensitized MCF-7 cells to the lower concentrations of ATO.

Albumin binding, anticancer and antibacterial properties of synthesized zero valent iron nanoparticles.

Background: Nanoparticles (NPs) have been emerging as potential players in modern medicine with clinical applications ranging from therapeutic purposes to antimicrobial agents. However, before applications in medical agents, some in vitro studies should be done to explore their biological responses.

Aim: In this study, protein binding, anticancer and antibacterial activates of zero valent iron (ZVFe) were explored.

Biophysical, bioinformatical, cellular, and molecular investigations on the effects of graphene oxide nanosheets on the hemoglobin structure and lymphocyte cell cytotoxicity.

Background: Implementations of nanoparticles have been receiving great interest in medicine and technology due to their unique characteristics. However, their toxic impacts on the biological system are not well explored.

Aim: This study aims to investigate the influence of fabricated nano graphene oxide (NGO) sheets on the secondary and quaternary structural alterations of human hemoglobin (Hb) and cytotoxicity against lymphocyte cells.

Interaction of silica nanoparticles with tau proteins and PC12 cells: Colloidal stability, thermodynamic, docking, and cellular studies.

Study on the side effects of the nanoparticles (NPs) can provide useful information regarding their biological and medical applications. Herein, the colloidal stability of the silicon dioxide NPs (SiO NPs) in the absence and presence of tau was investigated by TEM and DLS techniques. Afterwards, the thermodynamic parameters of interaction between SiO NPs and tau were determined by fluorescence spectroscopy and docking studies.

The Effect of Pentoxifylline on bcl-2 Gene Expression Changes in Hippocampus after Ischemia-Reperfusion in Wistar Rats by a Quatitative RT-PCR Method.

Ischemia-reperfusion injury is the tissue damage caused when blood supply returns to the tissue after a period of ischemia or lack of oxygen. Ischemia-reperfusion brain injury initiates an inflammatory response involving the expression of adhesion molecules and cytokines. Twenty-four male Wistar rats (250-300 g body wt) were used in this study.