[Resumption of Enfortumab Vedotin Supported by Diagnosis of a Late- Onset Immune-Related Adverse Event in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma : A Case Report].

A 71-year-old man presented with exertional dyspnea. Chest radiography revealed multiple pulmonary nodules, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed findings suspicious of right renal pelvic cancer. Percutaneous lung tumor biopsy revealed a histological diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma, and right renal pelvic cancer cT3N2M1 was diagnosed.

[Congenital dysfibrinogenemia coincidentally diagnosed at the onset of chronic myelogenous leukemia].

A 34-year-old man was referred to our hospital for leukocytosis and fundal hemorrhage. Peripheral blood and coagulation tests showed increases in cells at all stages of the neutrophilic series and a low level of fibrinogen (Fbg). Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) was diagnosed, and nilotinib was administered.

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay was demonstrated in two hypofibrinogenemias caused by heterozygous nonsense mutations of FGG, Shizuoka III and Kanazawa II.

We report two novel hypofibrinogenemias, Shizuoka III and Kanazawa II, which are caused by heterozygous mutations in FGG. Shizuoka III showed c.147delT and 147_149insACA in FGG exon 3 and a subsequent frameshift mutation, resulting in mature protein γ23X (native protein: γ49X), and Kanazawa II showed c.

Fibrinopeptide A release is necessary for effective B:b interactions in polymerisation of variant fibrinogens with impaired A:a interactions.

Fibrin polymerisation is mediated by interactions between knobs 'A' and 'B' exposed by thrombin cleavage, and holes 'a' and 'b'. We demonstrated markedly delayed thrombin-catalysed fibrin polymerisation, through B:b interactions alone, of recombinant γD364H -fibrinogen with impaired hole 'a'. To determine whether recombinant variant fibrinogens with no release of fibrinopeptide A (FpA) polymerise similarly to γD364H -fibrinogen, we examined two variant fibrinogens with substitutions altering knob 'A', Aα17A- and Aα17C-fibrinogen.

Prevalence of cardiac dyssynchrony and correlation with atrio-ventricular block and QRS width in dilated cardiomyopathy: an echocardiographic study.

Introduction: Cardiac dyssynchrony causes disorganised cardiac contraction, delayed wall contraction and reduced pumping efficiency. We aimed to assess the prevalence of different types of dyssynchrony in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and to establish the correlation between atrio-ventricular block and atrio-ventricular dyssynchrony (AVD), and between impaired intra-ventricular conduction and the existence of inter-ventricular dyssynchrony (inter-VD) and intra-left ventricular dyssynchrony (intra-LVD).

Methods: We included 40 patients in New York Heart Association stage III or IV, admitted consecutively with DCM with severe left ventricular dysfunction (left ventricular end-diastolic diameter ≥ 60 mm and/or ≥ 30 mm/m(2)) and left ventricular ejection fraction < 35%.

[Functional analysis for dysfibrinogenemias, Toyama and Adachi, which have a mutation of Aalpha16Arg-->His (CGT-->CAT) with aberrant fibrinopeptide A release].

We found and identified four heterozygous dysfibrinogenemias with AalphaR16H(CGT-->CAT) mutation in two families by coagulation tests and direct sequence analysis for PCR-amplified DNA fragments. Two dysfibrinogens were designated as fibrinogen Toyama and Adachi, according to the place of residence of proposituses, respectively. Patients' fibrinogen purified from plasma using immunoaffinity-chromatography was subjected to thrombin- or batroxobin-catalyzed fibrin polymerization, fibrinopeptide A (FPA) release, and clottability test.

Effects of SV40 T antigen transduction on human corneal endothelial cell wound healing in vitro.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the endothelial wound healing effects of SV40 large T and small t antigen transduction on cultured human corneal endothelial cells (HCEC).

Methods: Human corneal endothelial cells were infected with either mock solution, Ad green fluorescent protein (GFP), or Ad SV40 T/t antigen/GFP, then mechanically wounded 48 h later. The endothelial wound healing rate was quantified by an analysis of the photographs taken every 12 h after wounding.

Quantification of simulated corneal haze by measuring back-scattered light.

The Scheimpflug anterior eye segment analysis system EAS-1000 was modified to specifically quantitate the degree of corneal haze. In order to confirm the basic measurement performance of the new system, TSPC-3 hazemeter, in vitro experiments were conducted. Using white latex microsphere solutions, tests were performed for the linearity of the measurements, the influence of slit lamp illuminance and the influence of the length of the light path through the latex solution.

CD40 expression in normal human cornea and regulation of CD40 in cultured human corneal epithelial and stromal cells.

Purpose: To determine whether CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) interaction plays a role in corneal inflammatory responses, the expression of CD40 and CD40L on normal human cornea was investigated. In addition, using cultured human corneal epithelial (HCE) and human corneal stromal (HCS) cells, the regulation of CD40 expression in human corneal cells investigated, including that induced by proinflammatory cytokines such as interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha.

Methods: Frozen optimal cutting temperature (OCT) compound-embedded sections of corneal tissues obtained from 18 normal human corneas were examined by an immunoperoxidase staining technique with anti-CD40 and anti-CD40L monoclonal antibodies (mAbs).

Corneal irregular astigmatism and contrast sensitivity after photorefractive keratectomy.

Objective: To investigate the relation between contrast sensitivity and corneal irregular astigmatism in eyes after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).

Design: Prospective observational case series.

Participants And Controls: Seventy-nine eyes without corneal haze 6 months or more after PRK and 30 normal control eyes.

Relation between corneal haze and transforming growth factor-beta1 after photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis.

Purpose: To investigate the relation between corneal haze formation and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).

Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Methods: White rabbits were divided into 4 groups, with each group receiving 1 of the following surgeries: manual epithelial abrasion, PRK, lamellar keratotomy, or LASIK.

Objective assessment of transient corneal haze and its relation to visual performance after photorefractive keratectomy.

Purpose: Photorefractive keratectomy has the potential to cause transient corneal haze. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between transient corneal haze as measured by an objective means and high and low contrast visual performance.

Methods: In a prospective study, 44 eyes of 28 patients were examined preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after photorefractive keratectomy.

Effect of donor age on morphologic variation of cultured human corneal endothelial cells.

Purpose: To examine the effect of donor age on the morphologic variation of cultured human corneal endothelial cells (HCEC).

Methods: HCEC were obtained from the remaining corneoscleral rims of seven human corneas used for penetrating keratoplasty. The donor age ranged from 2 to 75 years.

Three-dimensional organization of collagen fibrils during corneal stromal wound healing after excimer laser keratectomy.

Purpose: To investigate the structural changes in corneal stromal collagen fibrils after excimer laser keratectomy in relation to the degree of corneal haze.

Setting: University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.

Methods: Corneal haze was quantitatively measured by analyzing the light scattering in Scheimpflug images of the corneas of white rabbits after excimer laser keratectomy.

[Effects of topical corticosteroids on subepithelial haze after excimer laser corneal surgery--objective and quantitative method for evaluating haze].

To examine the effectiveness of topical corticosteroids in decreasing subepithelial haze induced by excimer laser keratectomy, we performed excimer laser keratectomy on 24 eyes of 12 albino rabbits using a scanning excimer laser system (EC-5000, NIDEK, Japan). Topical dexamethasone 0.1% was applied topically to 8 corneas after surgery (steroid group), but not to the others (control group).

[Corneal distortion induced by speculum--studies with computer-assisted corneal topography].

The corneal distortion induced by the presence of an eyelid speculum was analysed by the Videokeratoscope-Eyesys Corneal Analysis System (EYESYS), with a Barraquer type speculum (B group) in 22 normal eyes and with a Kratz-Barraquer type speculum in 38 normal eyes (KB group). The following differences were evaluated in the 2 groups: intraocular pressure (IOP), refractive power, change in astigmatism of the Cravy method, and corneal refractive power before and after the specula were put in the interpalpebral fissure. Significant differences were found in the IOP in the KB group, in spherical equivalent in the B and KB groups, and in corneal refractive power in the B groups.

[Effects of blowing or aspiration on ablation rate by excimer laser].

Accurate calibration of ablation rate by excimer laser prerequisite for precise photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). When a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) plate is ablated by excimer laser, debris is generated, which may affect homogeneity of the laser beam and energy density, and change the ablation rate. In order to clarify the effects of the debris on the ablation rate, we studied the changes in the ablation rate when the debris was removed by blowing or aspirating over the ablation area during PRK.

[Experimental studies on influence of alignment errors on measurement in a corneal topographic system--relationship between degree of measurement error and working distance].

To evaluate the influence of alignment errors in focusing on the results of measurements in corneal topography, we experimented using polymethyl-methacrylate balls with definite radii of curvature as test objects. We used 3 different corneal topographic systems with different working distances to clarify the relationship between the degree of errors and the working distance. We determined the refractive power of the test balls by the topographic systems and studied changes in the values as the balls were slightly displaced from the alignment position axially, or horizontally.