Acute Surgical Site Complications in Direct Anterior Total Hip Arthroplasty: Impact of Local Subcutaneous Tissue Depth and Body Mass Index.

Background: Body mass index (BMI) is an imperfect measure of patients' adiposity and operative risk. Radiographic and direct subcutaneous measurements have been utilized in attempts to more accurately characterize the risk of postoperative complications, including surgical site infection. This study aims to evaluate whether direct tissue depth measurement is a more accurate predictor of skin complication following direct anterior total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Primary Total Knee and Total Hip Arthroplasty in the Rural Patient.

Rural patients have poorer health indicators, including higher risk of developing osteoarthritis. The objective of this study is to compare rural patients undergoing primary total joint arthroplasty (TJA) at rural hospitals with those undergoing primary TJA at urban hospitals with regards to demographics, comorbidities, and complications and to determine the preferred location of care for rural patients. Data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample between 2016 and 2018 were analyzed.

The history of orthopaedic use of nitinol compression staples.

Introduction: The use of nitinol continuous compression staples has shown clinical utility in the management of various orthopaedic injuries. While literature is most robust in the realm of foot/ankle and spine surgery, the use of nitinol staples has been documented in fixation of wrist, olecranon, patella, and pelvis fractures.

Methodology: A narrative review was conducted by searching three online databases - PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane using the terms "Nitinol" and "Staple" published between 2003 and 2023.

The effect of autoimmune skin disorders on post-operative outcomes following arthroplasty.

Introduction: The impact of autoimmune skin disorders on post-operative outcomes after TJA is conflicting and studies are limited by small sample sizes. The purpose of this study is to analyze a range of common autoimmune skin disorders and identify whether an increased risk of post-operative complication exists after total joint arthroplasty.

Methods: Data was collected from NIS database for patients diagnosed with autoimmune skin disorder (psoriasis, lupus, scleroderma, atopic dermatitis) and who underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA), total knee arthroplasty (TKA), or other TJA (shoulder elbow, wrist, ankle) between 2016 and 2019.

Proactive Recruitment Strategy for Patient Identification for Lung Cancer Screening.

Purpose: We assessed low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening for lung cancer using a proactive patient education/recruitment program.

Methods: We identified patients aged 55-80 years from a family medicine group. In the retrospective phase (March-August, 2019), patients were categorized as current/former/never smokers, and screening eligibility was determined.

Documented Penicillin Allergies Should Not Preclude Use of Preoperative Cefazolin in Hip and Knee Arthroplasty.

Introduction: Perioperative cefazolin administration for total joint arthroplasty is a first-line antibiotic recommended by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) guidelines for the prevention of periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs). We aim to analyze the clinical viability of giving patients with a documented penicillin allergy (PA) a perioperative full-strength cefazolin "test dose" under anesthesia.

Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of 2,451 total joint arthroplasties from a high-volume arthroplasty orthopaedic surgeon over a 5-year period from January 2013 through December 2017.

The Statistical Fragility of Foot and Ankle Surgery Randomized Controlled Trials.

Fragility index (FI) is a metric used to interpret the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and describes the number of subjects that would need to be switched from event to non-event for a result to no longer be significant. Studies that analyze FI of RCTs in various orthopedic subspecialties have shown the RCTs to be largely underpowered and highly fragile. However, FI has not been assessed in foot and ankle RCTs.

Randomized Trial of Bupivacaine Versus Liposomal Bupivacaine in Minimally Invasive Lobectomy.

Background: The objective of this single-blind randomized study is to compare local infiltration of bupivacaine or liposomal bupivacaine (LipoB) in narcotic naïve patients undergoing minimally invasive lobectomy for early stage lung cancer.

Methods: Adult patients without previous lung surgery undergoing minimally invasive lobectomy (robotic or thoracoscopic) for early stage lung cancer were randomly assigned to bupivacaine (with epinephrine 0.25%, 1:200 000) or LipoB 1.

Differences in hospital length of stay and total hospital charge by income level in patients hospitalized for hip fractures.

Unlabelled: This study examines the difference in length of stay and total hospital charge by income quartile in hip fracture patients. The length of stay increased in lower income groups, while total charge demonstrated a U-shaped relationship, with the highest charges in the highest and lowest income quartiles.

Introduction: Socioeconomic factors have an impact on outcomes in hip fracture patients.

Pulmonary Hypertension: A Contraindication for Lung Volume Reduction Surgery?

Background: Historically, pulmonary hypertension (PH) has been considered as one of the contraindications for lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS). Newer studies have shown that LVRS is successful in select emphysema patients with PH.

Methods: In-hospital and 1-year functional and quality of life (QOL) outcomes were studied in patients with PH post-LVRS.

Clinical and Quality of Life Outcomes After Lung Volume Reduction Surgery.

Background: Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) is the definitive treatment for patients with severe emphysema. There is still a need for long-term data concerning the outcomes of this procedure. This study presents long-term longitudinal data on LVRS including correlation of quality of life (QOL) with pulmonary function testing metrics and includes additional analysis of patients with heterogeneous and homogeneous emphysema.

Comparison between the EQ-5D-3L and the SF-6D quality of life (QOL) questionnaires in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) undergoing lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS).

Purpose: Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) has been shown to improve lung function, but also improve the overall quality of life (QOL). The aim of this study is to compare two QOL questionnaires-EuroQol Questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L) and 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) in patients post-LVRS.

Methods: All patients undergoing LVRS for severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at a single center of excellence were analyzed (n = 94).

The Nutritional Status of HIV-Infected US Adults.

Nutrition is critical to HIV mortality and morbidity. Improved treatment modalities have increased life expectancy of HIV-infected individuals. More than 1 million US adults are living with HIV, but little is known about their nutritional status.

Validation of a Dietary Screening Tool in a Middle-Aged Appalachian Population.

Proactive nutrition screening is an effective public health strategy for identifying and targeting individuals who could benefit from making dietary improvements for primary and secondary prevention of disease. The Dietary Screening Tool (DST) was developed and validated to assess nutritional risk among rural older adults. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility and validity of the DST to identify nutritional risk in middle-aged adults.

Poor Dietary Guidelines Compliance among Low-Income Women Eligible for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed).

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed) program aims to improve nutritional intakes of low-income individuals (<185% poverty threshold). The objective of this study was to describe the compliance with Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommendations for fruits, vegetables, and whole grains among SNAP-Ed eligible ( = 3142) and ineligible ( = 3168) adult women (19-70 years) nationwide and SNAP-Ed participating women in Indiana ( = 2623), using the NHANES 2007-2012 and Indiana SNAP-Ed survey data, respectively. Sensitivity analysis further stratified women by race/ethnicity and by current SNAP participation (<130% poverty threshold).

Discrepancy between Knowledge and Perceptions of Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake Compared with the Omega-3 Index.

Little is known about the relationship between perceptions of nutrient adequacy and biomarkers of nutrition status. This cross-sectional study of U.S.

Total Usual Intake of Shortfall Nutrients Varies With Poverty Among US Adults.

Objective: To examine shortfall nutrient intakes (ie, calcium, folate, potassium, magnesium, and vitamins A, C, D, and E) by poverty-to-income ratio (PIR).

Design: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2012, a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey.

Participants: US adults with complete data on poverty status and diet were included (n = 4,524).

Correspondence of folate dietary intake and biomarker data.

Public health concerns with regard to both low and high folate status exist in the United States. Recent publications have questioned the utility of self-reported dietary intake data in research and monitoring. The purpose of this analysis was to examine the relation between self-reported folate intakes and folate status biomarkers and to evaluate their usefulness for several types of applications.

Racecadotril in the Management of Rotavirus and Non-rotavirus Diarrhea in Under-five Children: Two Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trials.

Objective: To study the effect of racecadotril on reduction in the duration of acute rotavirus and non-rotavirus diarrhea.

Design: Two randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials.

Setting: Community-based trial in an urban area in Vellore, hospital-based trial at a secondary hospital in Vellore.

Nutrition in Cardioskeletal Health.

Bone and heart health are linked through a variety of cellular, endocrine, and metabolic mechanisms, including the bidirectional effects of mineral-regulating hormones parathyroid hormone and fibroblast growth factor 23. Nutrition plays an important role in the development of both cardiovascular and bone disease. This review describes current knowledge on the relations between the cardiovascular system and bone and the influence of key nutrients involved in mineral metabolism-calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorus-on heart and bone health, as well as the racial/ethnic differences in cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis and the influence that nutrition has on these disparities.

Estimating Sodium and Potassium Intakes and Their Ratio in the American Diet: Data from the 2011-2012 NHANES.

Background: The dietary sodium-to-potassium ratio (Na:K) is shown to be more strongly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD-related mortality than either sodium or potassium intake alone.

Objective: The aim was to estimate the Na:K in the diet of US adults.

Methods: Among US adults from the 2011-2012 NHANES (≥20 y; 2393 men and 2337 women), the National Cancer Institute method was used to estimate sodium and potassium intakes, Na:K, and the percentage of individuals with Na:K <1.