LSD1 Regulates Neurogenesis in Human Neural Stem Cells Through the Repression of Human-Enriched Extracellular Matrix and Cell Adhesion Genes.

Neurogenesis begins with neural stem cells undergoing symmetric proliferative divisions to expand and then switching to asymmetric differentiative divisions to generate neurons in the developing brain. Chromatin regulation plays a critical role in this switch. Histone lysine-specific demethylase LSD1 demethylates H3K4me1/2 and H3K9me1/2 but the mechanisms of its global regulatory functions in human neuronal development remain unclear.

Malignant salivary gland tumors: agreement between fine needle aspiration biopsy, incisional biopsy and final histopathological diagnostic.

Background: Incisional biopsy is indicated for intraoral tumors, but it is a contraindicated surgical procedure for major salivary glands. To avoid complications and facilitate diagnosis, fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is a type of biopsy widely used for preoperative diagnosis in these glands.

Material And Methods: The aim of this study was to analyze the agreement between the diagnosis by FNAB (major glands), incisional biopsy (minor glands) and histopathological analysis of the surgical specimen in salivary gland tumors from a database (medical records) of patients treated in a cancer treatment reference center in the Northeast region of Brazil.

Long COVID neuropsychological follow-up: Is cognitive rehabilitation relevant?

Background: Duration of neuropsychological disorders caused by long COVID, and the variables that impact outcomes, are still largely unknown.

Objective: To describe the cognitive profile of patients with long COVID post-participation in a neuropsychological rehabilitation program and subsequent reassessment and identify the factors that influence recovery.

Methods: 208 patients (mean age of 48.

Partial privatization and cooperation in biofilms.

The evolution of cooperation in microbes is a challenge to explain because microbes producing costly goods for the benefit of any strain types (cooperators) often withstand the threat of elimination by interacting with individuals that exploit these benefits without contributing (defectors). Here we developed an individual-based model to investigate whether partial privatization via the partial secretion of goods can favor cooperation in structured, surface-attaching microbial populations, biofilms. Whether partial secretion can favor cooperation in biofilms is unclear for two reasons.

Contribution of public oral pathology services to the diagnosis of oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Brazil.

This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of oral and maxillofacial pathology laboratories (OMPLs) in Brazilian public universities to the diagnosis of lip, oral cavity, and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). A cross-sectional study was performed using biopsy records from a consortium of sixteen public OMPLs from all regions of Brazil (North, Northeast, Central-West, Southeast, and South). Clinical and demographic data of patients diagnosed with lip, oral cavity, and oropharyngeal SCC between 2010 and 2019 were collected from the patients' histopathological records.

AGA Clinical Practice Update on Endoscopic Full-Thickness Resection for the Management of Gastrointestinal Subepithelial Lesions: Commentary.

Description: Subepithelial lesions of the gastrointestinal tract are not encountered uncommonly during routine endoscopy. There has been remarkable progress in the development of endoscopic options for the resection of subepithelial lesions, including full-thickness resection. The purpose of this American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Clinical Practice Update (CPU) is to describe the various techniques for endoscopic full-thickness resection and to facilitate their appropriate application in the management of subepithelial lesions.

Evaluation of the presence of Th1 response through T-bet and IFN-gamma immunohistochemical expression in lower lip and oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas.

Introduction: Evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of T-bet and IFN-γ in lower lip (LLSCC) and oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC), verifying the presence of Th1 responses in lesions with different clinical conditions.

Methods And Materials: Thirty OTSCC and 30 LLSCC were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. T-bet was quantitatively assessed by parenchyma cell and stroma quantification, and IFN-γ was semi-quantitatively analyzed: 1:0-25%; 2:26-50%; 3:51-75%; 4:> 75% immunopositive cells.

Improved protocol for polymerase and reverse transcriptase production and application to a point-of-care diagnostics system.

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has raised awareness in the scientific community about the importance of being prepared for sanitary emergencies. Many measures implemented during the COVID pandemic are now being expanded to other applications. In the field of molecular and immunological diagnostics, the need to massively test the population worldwide resulted in the application of a variety of methods to detect viral infection.

A genetic and virulence characterization of Brazilian strains of .

() is considered the primary causative agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia (EP), a chronic contagious respiratory disease that causes economic losses. Obtaining new pathogenic isolates and studying the genome and virulence factors are necessary. This study performed a complete sequencing analysis of two Brazilian strains, UFV01 and UFV02, aiming to characterize the isolates in terms of the virulence factors and sequence type.

A simple drug-delivery microneedling technique modality successfully improves linear atrophic scars.

Background: Atrophic scars are white, dermal depressions, caused by the destruction of collagen fibers and decrease in epidermal cells, following inflammation after different types of trauma. They lead to significant physical, aesthetic and psychological barriers and their treatment remain a therapeutic challenge for dermatologists. Microneedling has been shown to improve scars by stimulating angiogenesis and neocolagenesis and the combination of anti-fibrotic drugs could potentialize the results.

PARP1 Characterization as a Potential Biomarker for p190+ Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Detection of t(9;22), and consequent fusion, is still a marker of worse prognosis for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), with resistance to tyrosine-kinase inhibitor therapy being a major obstacle in the clinical practice for this subset of patients. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of targeting poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) in a model of p190+ ALL, the most common isoform to afflict ALL patients, and demonstrated the use of experimental PARP inhibitor (PARPi), AZD2461, as a therapeutic option with cytotoxic capabilities similar to that of imatinib, the current gold standard in medical care. We characterized cytostatic profiles, induced cell death, and biomarker expression modulation utilizing cell models, also providing a comprehensive genome-wide analysis through an aCGH of the model used, and further validated PARP1 differential expression in samples of ALL p190+ patients from local healthcare institutions, as well as in larger cohorts of online and readily available datasets.

Brazilian National Network of Alternative Methods (RENAMA) 10th Anniversary: Meeting of the Associated Laboratories, May 2022.

The Brazilian National Network of Alternative Methods (RENAMA), which is linked to the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, is currently comprised of 51 laboratories from CROs, academia, industry and government. RENAMA's aim is to develop and validate new approach methodologies (NAMs), as well as train researchers and disseminate information on their use - thus reducing Brazilian, and consequently Latin American, dependence on external technology. Moreover, it promotes the adoption of NAMs by educators and trained researchers, as well as the implementation of good laboratory practice (GLP) and the use of certified products.

Fractal and Wada escape basins in the chaotic particle drift motion in tokamaks with electrostatic fluctuations.

The E×B drift motion of particles in tokamaks provides valuable information on the turbulence-driven anomalous transport. One of the characteristic features of the drift motion dynamics is the presence of chaotic orbits for which the guiding center can experience large-scale drifts. If one or more exits are placed so that they intercept chaotic orbits, the corresponding escape basins structure is complicated and, indeed, exhibits fractal structures.

Synthesis and evaluation of hybrid sulfonamide-chalcones with potential antileishmanial activity.

Leishmaniasis is an emerging tropical infectious disease caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Leishmania. In this work, the molecular hybridization between a trimethoxy chalcone and a sulfonamide group was used to generate a series of sulfonamide-chalcones. A series of eight sulfonamide-chalcone hybrids were made with good yields (up to 95%).

Neuroprotective Profile of Triazole Grandisin Analogue against Amyloid-Beta Oligomer-Induced Cognitive Impairment.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by accumulation of amyloid-β oligomers (AβO) in the brain, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and cognitive decline. Grandisin, a tetrahydrofuran neolignan, exhibits relevant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Interestingly, grandisin-based compounds were shown to prevent AβO-induced neuronal death in vitro.

Neonatal nicotine exposure affects adult rat hepatic pathways involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress and macroautophagy in a sex-dependent manner.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) involves changes in hepatic pathways, as lipogenesis, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and macroautophagy. Maternal nicotine exposure exclusively during lactation leads to fatty liver (steatosis) only in the adult male offspring, not in females. Therefore, our hypothesis is that neonatal exposure to nicotine sex-dependently affects the signaling pathways involved in hepatic homeostasis of the offspring, explaining the hepatic lipid accumulation phenotype only in males.

A hitchhikers' guide to the terminology of accreditation processes for health professionals and institutions.

Accreditation processes for health care professions are designed to ensure that individuals and programs in these fields meet established standards of quality and effectiveness. The accelerating pace of globalization in the health care professions has increased the need for a shared understanding of the vocabulary of evaluation, assessment, and accreditation. The psychometric principles of valid and reliable assessment are commonly accepted, but the terminology is confusing.

Perception of verticality in the post-COVID-19 condition correlates to infection severity.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection affects multiple systems, including musculoskeletal, neurological, and respiratory systems. Changes associated with physical inactivity due to prolonged hospitalization can affect the functional capacity of individuals with long coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or post-COVID-19 condition and may cause changes in some postural control functions, such as verticality.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the perception of verticality in individuals with long COVID.

Synergism between molecules derived from Garcinia brasiliensis and antimicrobial drugs on field isolates of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) is one of the smallest free-living bacteria found in nature; it has an extremely small genome and lacks a cell wall. It is the main etiological agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia (EP), a chronic respiratory disease with worldwide distribution that causes significant losses in swine production.

Infection Modulates Antimicrobial Peptides and Stress Management Gene Expression in the Invertebrate Biomodel .

is the most pathogenic species, responsible for the Brazilian cat-transmitted sporotrichosis hyperendemic. In this scenario, an investigation of the pathogen-host interaction can provide relevant information for future treatment strategies. To this end, the invertebrate has proven to be a suitable alternative for evaluating the virulence of pathogenic fungi, since the insect immune system is similar to the mammalian innate immune response.

How the Adequate Choice of Plant Species Favors the Restoration Process in Areas Susceptible to Extreme Frost Events.

This work aimed to evaluate the impacts caused by extreme frost events in an ecological restoration area. We grouped the species in three ways: (1) type of trichome coverage; (2) shape of the seedling crown; and (3) functional groups according to the degree of damage caused by frost. The variables of the restored area and species characteristics were selected to be subjected to linear generalization analysis models (GLMs).

Oral squamous cell carcinoma arising from areas of Graft-versus-host disease: A systematic review.

Background: Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is an immune system reaction that occurs in patients with a history of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), in which the grafted donor's cells attack those of the host. The objective of this systematic review was to present a study on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSSC) that developed from GVHD areas in patients undergoing HSCT.

Material And Methods: An electronic search was conducted in the databases PUBMED, WEB OF SCIENCE, SCOPUS, MEDLINE and SCIENCE DIRECT, according to PRISMA guidelines.

Ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria differentially contribute to ammonia oxidation in soil under precipitation gradients and land legacy.

Background: Global change has accelerated the nitrogen cycle. Soil nitrogen stock degradation by microbes leads to the release of various gases, including nitrous oxide (NO), a potent greenhouse gas. Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) participate in the soil nitrogen cycle, producing NO.

Open questions in the social lives of viruses.

Social interactions among viruses occur whenever multiple viral genomes infect the same cells, hosts, or populations of hosts. Viral social interactions range from cooperation to conflict, occur throughout the viral world, and affect every stage of the viral lifecycle. The ubiquity of these social interactions means that they can determine the population dynamics, evolutionary trajectory, and clinical progression of viral infections.