[Anesthesia with the laryngeal mask during the treatment of fractures of the nose. A study of a group of 53 patients].

General anesthesia was obtained using a laryngeal mask in 53 patients with nasal fractures. The advantages of this procedure are: no need for curarization, easy removal, and awakening in the operating room. No complications were observed although orotracheal intubation was necessary in 3 patients.

[Congenital fistula of the lower lip. Apropos of 2 cases].

Two children with bilateral congenital fistulae of the lower lip were treated by excision maintaining the fibers of the orbicular muscle. This condition is a rare, hereditary trait often associated with labial and palatine fissures. The etiology is different than other fistulae since the localization does not involve zones of junction between facial buds.

Powdered eggshell: a pilot study on a new bone substitute for use in maxillofacial surgery.

The present study is a preliminary report on the use of hen's eggshell as a possible bone substitute. In the first part of the study, particles ranging from 400 microns to 600 microns in diameter were bioassayed in an intramuscular pouch in rodents. This material was found to be biocompatible, but appeared not to have osteoinductive capacities.

Experimental study on demineralized bone matrix (DBM) and coral as bone graft substitutes in maxillofacial surgery.

Three different bone substitutes were implanted in a standardized nasal bone defect in 30 Wistar rats. The results were assessed at 2 months by macroscopic examination, contact radiography, and histologic analysis. Demineralized osseous implants sterilized by ethylene oxide induced bone formation in 90% of the the cases, as no heat-treated graft showed any bone formation.

[The advantage of the autologous parietal bone graft in posttraumatic rhinoplasty].

Popularized by Tessier in 1982, the calvarial bone graft has been used extensively in reconstructive techniques in the cranio-facial region. The authors present here their experience of nasal bone grafting using split skull grafts for post-traumatic reconstructions. Ten patients, with a total of 11 bone grafts harvested, were operated.

The role of microsurgery in salvage operations for cranio-cerebral gunshot wounds: a case report.

A case of gunshot wound of the brain associated with a scalp defect is presented. Repair of the scalp defect was primarily achieved by multiple rotation flaps. Successive complications occurred in the postoperative course related to wound breakdown and infection.

The effect of different porosities in coral implants: an experimental study.

Goniopora lobata and polyphyllia talpina were tested in 10 sheep with a follow-up of 12 months. The reference material was a glass ceramic CAP 42. Different implantation sites are used: craniofacial and orthopaedic.

Bicoronal incision for nasal bone grafting.

The use of bicoronal incisions has been sufficiently described in neurosurgery and craniofacial surgery including osteotomies and injuries. This approach provides excellent surgical access for nasal reconstruction with a very low rate of morbidity. A series of 11 patients, together with three case reports, illustrates the advantages and possible complications of this type of incision.

[Chronic luxation of the mandible. Apropos of 2 recent cases].

The authors report two recent cases of intractable luxation of the temporomandibular joint which was initially overlooked due to the neurologic or geriatric context. Open reduction was performed. The literature is reviewed and the different aetiological forms of the long standing luxations are presented together with the different treatments proposed.

[Necrosis of the columella after prolonged intranasal intubation].

A case is reported of necrosis of the columella nasi due to prolonged intubation in a 21-year-old road traffic accident patient. He was intubated by the nasal route because of combined head and facial injuries. The necrosis was discovered during surgery for repair of the bony facial injuries.

[The contribution of modern medical imaging in post-traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula. Apropos of a case].

Carotid-cavernous fistulas are unusual complications of facial traumas but this life-threatening complication requires a rapid diagnosis. Noninvasive procedures as ultrasounds will confirm the diagnosis and are helpful to demonstrate hemodynamic conditions of the fistula. Angiography remains the main radiologic examination and embolization is now the preferred method of treatment.

Pedicle scapular apophysis transplantation in congenital limb malformations.

Congenital segmental amputations are difficult to correct. Free interposition bone grafts with growth centers were tried experimentally by many investigators even at the beginning of this century. Attempts at clinical application of this principle, however, were mostly failures.

[Partial anterior chondrotomy in the correction of prominent ears. Apropos of 140 re-examined cases].

336 patients have been operated for protruding ears. 140 of them have a long term postoperative follow-up. The anterior partial chondrotomies are opposed to the other surgical procedures and give the opportunity for a comparative and retrospective study.

[A comparative study of 2 series of mandibular osteosynthesis using screwed plates].

In a retrospective study, we compared monocortical internal fixation versus bicortical screwing in the treatment of the mandibular fractures. Between 1983 and 1985, 40 patients underwent bicortical screw plate osteosynthesis and 46 were treated with the monocortical screw plate technique. The results are favorable to bicortical screwing, as regards both infection and pseudarthrosis.

[Initial and general orthodontic and surgical studies. Prerequisites of orthognathic surgery].

On the basis of 3 cases, we try to demonstrate the dominating role of model surgery in the patient's motivation, the surgical indication and the cooperation with orthodontists. This is achieved with a perfectly reproducible and didactic surgery. The use of color wax and of the TARG are the two deciding elements of this work.

[Temporomandibular joint pain-dysfunction syndrome after whiplash injury. Medico-legal problems in common law].

In four cases, the authors analyse the medical and legal factors which lead the expert to his conclusions in french law, concerning temporo-mandibular joint dysfunction after whiplash injury indemnification. An uncertain direct link between the injury and the damage together with the patient's dental prior state to the accident, lead to retain an incomplete legal imputability. The compensation awarded to the victim will consist of an overvalued extra-patrimonial damage which will eventually be able to balance a low physiological deficit price.

[Teleradiographic analysis of the face in facial asymmetry].

The authors emphasize the interest of the frontal cephalometric analysis in facial asymmetries; principles of a simple cephalometric study are given. They analyse the mandibular abnormalities and his maxillary participation. Possibility of surgical treatment and postoperative control can be done.

[Treatment of axillary burn scars by a scapular island flap with a vascular pedicle].

Type 3 axillary burn retractions, involving the neck, the axilla, the upper arm and the lateral aspect of the chest, can cause difficult static and dynamic deficits altering the aesthetic appearance and the function of the shoulder. The posterior scapular area can provide an autonomized skin flap, based on the circumflex scapular vessels. This scapular flap, used as an island vascular flap, easily covers the anterior and posterior aspects of the axilla, obtaining a smooth skin surface, with a good underlying subcutaneous fatty tissue.

[Current indications for coral in craniofacial surgery. A 10-year experience].

After a ten year clinical experience of coral implants in Cranio-Facial Surgery, the authors can precise the up to date indications. 55 patients received coral inlays. Two varieties of coral have been used, Goniopora and Polyphylla, demonstrating complementary properties.

Malar bone fractures and their sequelae. A statistical study of 1.393 cases covering a period of 20 years.

The authors analyse the results of 1.393 cases of malar fractures treated in the maxillo-facial Departments of Montpellier and Perpignan. A clinical and therapeutic classification is given.

[The value of Cottle's technic for esthetic and functional correction of the nose].

The "maxilla-premaxilla approach" as well as the surgical respect of the dorsum nasi are what make the Cottle technique doubly interesting: aesthetically and functionally. In relation to the nasal septum cartilage, it allows nasal septum deviation to be considered as the consequence of the disturbance of the surrounding bony structure and constitutes satisfactory treatment by replacing a simple septoplasty with a septorhinoplasty. From an aesthetic point of view, Cottle's technique allows a more natural correction by respecting the osteocartilaginous nasal bridge.

[Isolated epidermoid cysts of the jaw. Apropos of 3 cases with a familial aspect].

About 3 cases of kerato-cysts of the jaws and observed in the same family, the authors wonder wether any familial aetiology is possible. Clinic and para-clinic examination allowed to eliminate a Gorlin's syndrome.

[Coral in infra-osseous lesions. Evaluation after 7 years' use].

The coral or madreporaria skeleton is morphologically and chemically very similar to mineral bone. The authors began to experiment with the implantation of selected pieces of coral in the cranial and facial bones of dogs, pigs and monkeys. The obtained true reossification with the wide porous varieties, and a very stable implant with a very good tolerance with the other varieties.

[Various cases of ossifying fibroma and cranio-maxillofacial fibrous dysplasia].

Rare and of difficult diagnosis, osteofibroma and fibrous dysplasia can occur in different areas of the face and skull. Differential diagnosis is difficult particularly in the isolated forms and need histological confirmation. This will guide their different treatment depending of their nature and localisation.