Elevated Serum Ceruloplasmin Levels Are Associated with Higher Impulsivity in People with Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Heightened impulsivity has been reported in a subset of people with Parkinson's disease (PwP) and is considered a risk factor for the development of impulse control disorders (ICDs). However, at present, there are no recognised biochemical markers of heightened impulsivity.

Objectives: To determine if ceruloplasmin, a serum marker involved in the regulation of iron and copper homeostasis, is associated with trait impulsivity in PwP.