Understanding Emergent Dynamism of Covid-19 Pandemic in a City.

Predicting the evolution of a pandemic requires precise understanding of the pathogen and disease progression, the susceptible population group, means of transmission, and possible control mechanisms. It has been a significant challenge as Covid-19 virus (SARS-CoV-2 family) is not well understood yet; the entire human population is susceptible, and the virus transmits easily through airborne particles. Given its size and connectedness, it is not feasible to test the entire population and to isolate the infected individuals.

An Agent-Based Digital Twin for Exploring Localized Non-pharmaceutical Interventions to Control COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 epidemic created, at the time of writing the paper, highly unusual and uncertain socio-economic conditions. The world economy was severely impacted and business-as-usual activities severely disrupted. The situation presented the necessity to make a trade-off between individual health and safety on one hand and socio-economic progress on the other.