Defining the Role of the Fire and Rescue Service in Mental Health Support for Older Adults: A Qualitative Study.

Introduction: Anxiety and depression in older adults (60+ years of age) are under-diagnosed and under-treated. Older adults are less likely to seek help for these problems due to a lack of awareness, difficulty accessing health care due to availability or disability and fear of loss of independence. Existing points of contact between older adults and non-traditional services, for example, the Fire and Rescue Service (FRS), could provide opportunities to support help-seeking for mental ill-health.

The SelfSTarT intervention for low back pain patients presenting to first contact physiotherapists: A mixed methods service evaluation.

Introduction: Globally, back pain is the leading cause of years of disability. In the United Kingdom, over 20 million people live with musculoskeletal (MSK) pain, with low back pain being one of the most common causes. National strategies promote self-management and the use of digital technologies to empower populations.

The acceptability of the Fire and Rescue Service working with primary care to improve identification of mental health problems in older adults. A mixed-method qualitative study.

Background: Mental ill-health in older adults (aged 60 years and over) is often underdiagnosed and undertreated. Older adults are less likely to access mental health services owing to perceived stigma and fear of being a burden. Non-traditional providers of health care, such as the Fire and Rescue Services (FRS), provide a possible solution to facilitate early detection of problems and help-seeking among older adults, especially in the context of pressured statutory services.

Physical Activity for Cognitive Health: A Model for Intervention Design for People Experiencing Cognitive Concerns and Symptoms of Depression or Anxiety.

Background: People experiencing cognitive concerns and symptoms of depression or anxiety are at risk for Alzheimer's disease and dementia. We know physical activity can benefit cognition but understanding how to best support engagement is an ongoing challenge. Evidence-based conceptual models of factors underpinning physical activity engagement in target populations can inform intervention tailoring to address this challenge.

Factors Influencing Long-Term Physical Activity Maintenance: A Qualitative Evaluation of a Physical Activity Program for Inactive Older Adults at Risk of Cognitive Decline: The INDIGO Follow-Up Study.

Background: Physical inactivity is a modifiable risk factor for dementia, but there remains a research translation gap in effective physical activity (PA) implementation, particularly in the longer-term. The INDIGO trial investigated the effectiveness of a six-month PA intervention for inactive older adults at risk of cognitive decline with subjective cognitive decline or mild cognitive impairment.

Objective: This follow-up study aimed to collect feedback from INDIGO participants about their experience of involvement in the trial, including barriers and enablers to longer-term maintenance of PA.

A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effects of a 6-Month Home-Based Physical Activity Program with Individual Goal-Setting and Volunteer Mentors on Physical Activity, Adherence, and Physical Fitness in Inactive Older Adults at Risk of Cognitive Decline: The INDIGO Study.

Background: Increasing physical activity (PA) in those who have memory concerns requires innovative approaches.

Objective: To compare in this randomized controlled trial (RCT) the effects on PA, adherence, and fitness of two approaches to deliver a 6-month home-based PA program in older, inactive individuals at risk of cognitive decline.

Methods: Individuals (n = 52) aged 60-85 years, inactive with mild cognitive impairment or subjective cognitive decline were recruited from the community and memory clinics.

Physical activity for older Australians with mild cognitive impairment or subjective cognitive decline - A narrative review to support guideline development.

Objectives: This review informed development of the first national Physical Activity (PA) Guidelines for Older Australians with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) (http://www.dementiaresearch.org.

Subscapularis function after total shoulder arthroplasty: electromyography, ultrasound, and clinical correlation.

Background: The literature lacks electromyographic (EMG) examination of subscapularis function in the postoperative period after total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). The primary purpose of this study was to document EMG activity of the subscapularis after TSA and to correlate it with clinical and ultrasound findings.

Methods: The study included 30 patients who were at least 1 year (average, 2.

Biomechanical evaluation of graft fixation techniques for acromioclavicular joint reconstructions using coracoclavicular tendon grafts.

Background: This study compared the initial strength of acromioclavicular joint reconstructions using coracoclavicular tendon grafts using interference screws, a tendon square knot, or side-to-side suturing for graft fixation.

Materials And Methods: An acromioclavicular joint reconstruction was performed using a hamstring allograft looped under the coracoid and then fixed using interference screws, a square knot in the graft, and side-to-side graft suturing in each of 8 cadaveric shoulders. Each reconstruction was cycled in a superior direction, and displacements were recorded.

Sacral stress fracture in a professional hockey player: a case report.

Lumbosacral pain is common in the general population and among athletes. Many athletes are diagnosed with low back strain and treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories, rest, and muscle relaxers. However, the differential for low back pain in athletes is broad and includes many potential etiologies such as: lumbar disk disease, facet arthropathy, spondylolysis, sacroiliitis, tendinopathies, ligament sprains, hip pathology, bursitis, intraabdominal processes, and neoplasm.

Detection of human papillomavirus in oral lesions using commercially developed typing kits.

Biopsy material from 20 oral lesions (19 condylomas and 1 squamous papilloma) previously shown to contain human papillomavirus (HPV) 6 and HPV 11 sequences by in situ hybridization were examined using 3 commercially available HPV typing kits. Sensitivity and specificity were compared with in-house methods. Previous in situ hybridization had detected HPV 6b in 11 (55%) of the biopsies, HPV 6 and 11 in 7 (53%) and HPV 11 alone in 1 biopsy.

Detection of Epstein-Barr virus and human papillomavirus type 16 DNA in hairy leukoplakia by in situ hybridisation and the polymerase chain reaction.

Demonstration of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is considered desirable for the accurate diagnosis of hairy leukoplakia (HL). Previous studies have reported possible associations with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection although this is not a universal finding. Presence of EBV and HPV 16 was examined in biopsy specimens from 18 cases of HL and ten control specimens by in situ hybridisation using digoxigenin-labelled synthetic oligonucleotide probes and by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Hairy leukoplakia in an HIV-negative, nonimmunosuppressed patient.

Oral hairy leukoplakia is an Epstein-Barr virus-associated lesion that is considered to be a marker of immunosuppression. We report a case of oral hairy leukoplakia in a healthy nonimmunosuppressed elderly patient with no evidence of HIV infection on repeated investigation. This report has important implications on our understanding of the significance of this lesion.

Plasminogen activators in normal and malignant oral epithelium in vivo and in vitro.

Urokinase-type (uPA) and tissue-type (tPA) plasminogen activators were identified by fibrinolytic autography in the sulcus epithelium of human gingival mucosa but not in the orthokeratinized gingival epithelium. Fibrinolytic activity was present only over blood vessels in frozen sections of oral squamous cell carcinomas, the malignant epithelial cells showing no plasminogen activator activity. Plasminogen activators could not be demonstrated in either the sulcus or gingival epithelium by immunofluorescence, but both uPA and tPA were found in occasional squamous carcinoma cells.

Multifocal hairy leukoplakia associated with Kaposi's sarcoma.

An HIV-seropositive patient presented with multifocal lesions of both hairy leukoplakia and Kaposi's sarcoma, hairy leukoplakia being present in the epithelium covering the Kaposi's sarcoma lesions. The findings suggest that hairy leukoplakia in immunocompromised patients is both more common and more widely distributed than is generally recognised.

Epstein-Barr virus gene expression and epithelial cell differentiation in oral hairy leukoplakia.

Hairy leukoplakia (HL) is an Epstein-Barr (EB) virus related lesion of oral mucosa that is principally associated with human immunodeficiency virus-induced immunosuppression. To understand the nature of EB virus involvement in these lesions, this study compares the distribution of EB virus DNA and EB viral gene products with the pattern of keratinocyte differentiation in 12 lateral tongue biopsies of HL. Evidence of replicating EB viral infection and abundant virus production was demonstrated in the superficial epithelium of most (92%) samples by means of in situ hybridization and immunocytochemical techniques.

Fine needle cutting biopsy of lesions of the head and neck.

One hundred and twenty-four fine needle cutting biopsies of lesions of the head and neck have been carried out over the last 7 years. While the overall accuracy of diagnosis was 79%, the accuracy of the 43 biopsies carried out during the last 2 years was 93%. These results compare very favourably with published results of the accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology.

Application of molecular techniques in the rapid diagnosis of EBV-associated oral hairy leukoplakia.

A rapid method for the detection of EBV-DNA in paraffin sections of lesions of oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is described. The method makes use of advances in molecular technology, including the use of synthetic oligonucleotides with digoxigenin labelling in an in situ hybridisation (ISH) reaction, which can be completed in 24 h. Using this method, sections from 15 of 17 patients clinically diagnosed as having OHL contained readily detectable EBV-DNA in small foci along the upper layers of the stratum spinosum.

Hairy leukoplakia--a histological study.

Hairy leukoplakia is a recently described oral mucosal condition seen in immunosuppressed individuals, usually in association with HIV infection, when it is thought to be a sign of decreasing immunocompetence. It probably results from reactivation of infection by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and usually presents as bilateral white patches on the lateral borders of the tongue. From a histological study of 20 cases we have found that the typical appearance of hairy leukoplakia is of acanthotic, hyperparakeratinized epithelium with Candida hyphae sometimes present in the parakeratin.

Aluminium leaching and fluoride.

Aluminium leaching from cooking utensils is a source of dietary aluminium and there are differing reports in the literature concerning the effects of fluoride ions on aluminium leaching. This paper reports that aluminium leaching may be increased by around 5% when fluoride ion at 1 mg/litre is present. More dramatic increases in aluminium leaching occur if the fluoride ion concentration is increased to 20 mg/litre, but this would rarely, if ever, be found in a culinary situation.