An Unusually Short Latent Period of Therapy-Related Myeloid Neoplasm Harboring a Rare MLL-EP300 Rearrangement: Case Report and Literature Review.

Therapy-related myeloid neoplasm (t-MN) is a late and lethal complication induced by chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. Hematological malignancy is one of the most common primary diseases in patients with t-MN. However, the occurrence of t-MN in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) patients is rarely reported, possibly due to the dismal prognosis of ATL per se.

Prognostic impact of circulating tumor DNA status post-allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in AML and MDS.

This study was performed to assess the utility of tumor-derived fragmentary DNA, or circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), for identifying high-risk patients for relapse of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome (AML/MDS) after undergoing myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). We retrospectively collected tumor and available matched serum samples at diagnosis and 1 and 3 months post-alloSCT from 53 patients with AML/MDS. After identifying driver mutations in 51 patients using next-generation sequencing, we designed at least 1 personalized digital polymerase chain reaction assay per case.

Cell-lineage level-targeted sequencing to identify acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal myeloid neoplasm that typically arises de novo; however, some cases evolve from a preleukemic state, such as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Such secondary AMLs and those with typical MDS-related clinical features are known as AMLs with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MRC). Because patients with AML-MRC have poor prognosis, more accurate diagnostic approaches are required.

Circulating tumor DNA dynamically predicts response and/or relapse in patients with hematological malignancies.

A growing body of evidence suggests that tumor-derived fragmentary DNA, known as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), has the potential to serve as a non-invasive biomarker for disease monitoring. However, in the setting of hematological malignancy, few published studies support the utility of ctDNA. We retrospectively investigated ctDNA levels of 17 patients with various hematological malignancies who had achieved remission after first-line therapy.