Effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol (Bovaer10) and whole cottonseed on milk production and enteric methane emissions from dairy cows under Swiss management conditions.

The objective of this study was to determine the potential effect and interaction of 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP; Bovaer, DSM-Firmenich Nutrition Products Ltd.) and whole cottonseed (WCS) on lactational performance and enteric methane (CH) emission of dairy cows. A total of 16 multiparous cows, including 8 Holstein Friesian (HF) and 8 Brown Swiss (BS; 224 ± 36 DIM, 26 ± 3.

Fully covered self-expanding metal stents for benign colonic strictures.

Background And Study Aims: Uncovered self-expanding metal stents offer effective relief for colonic obstruction. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of fully covered self-expanding metal stents (FCSEMSs) in the treatment of benign colonic strictures.

Patients And Methods: All patients presenting with a symptomatic benign colonic stricture (occlusion or subocclusion) during a 6-year study period were treated with FCSEMSs.

Prospective multicenter evaluation of colon capsule examination indicated by colonoscopy failure or anesthesia contraindication.

Background And Study Aims: In France, in about 5% of cases colonoscopies are incomplete or temporarily contraindicated.We tested the diagnostic yield of colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) in these patients.

Patients And Methods: In a prospective study, in 17 French centers, inclusion criteria were colonoscopy failure or general disease that excluded colonoscopy with anesthesia.

Yield and impact of emergency capsule enteroscopy in severe obscure-overt gastrointestinal bleeding.

Background And Study Aims: Patients with obscure-overt gastrointestinal bleeding (OOGIB) are defined by overt hemorrhage and negative upper and lower endoscopy findings. At present, the place of emergency capsule enteroscopy in patients with severe OOGIB is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic yield and the impact of emergency capsule enteroscopy on further management in patients with severe OOGIB.

Can we shorten the small-bowel capsule reading time with the "Quick-view" image detection system?

Background: The mean small-bowel capsule reading time is about 60 min, and shortening this reading time is a major aim.

Aim: To evaluate the efficiency of the "Quick-view" detection algorithm.

Methods: Multicentre prospective comparative study.

Prospective, randomized comparison of two small-bowel capsule endoscopy systems in patients with obscure GI bleeding.

Background: Video capsule endoscopy is the first-intention examination in patients with obscure GI bleeding. The new MiroCam capsule, when using electric-field propagation for transmission, has been poorly evaluated in a clinical setting, in contrast with the PillCam SB2 capsule.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic concordance (κ value) between PillCam SB2 and MiroCam capsule examinations performed in the same patients.

Polyvalent catanionic vesicles: exploring the drug delivery mechanisms.

Among drug delivery systems, catanionic vesicles now appear as powerful candidates for pharmaceutical applications because they are relatively cheap and easy to use, thus well corresponding to industrial requirements. Using labelled vesicles made of a tricatenar catanionic surfactant, the work reported here aims at exploring the mechanisms by which internalisation into a cell occurs. The study was performed on various cell types such as phagocytic as well as non-phagocytic cells using confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry.

Outcome of patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding after negative capsule endoscopy: results of a one-year follow-up study.

Background: Capsule endoscopy (CE) is an effective method for investigating the small bowel, especially in cases of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB), although the long-term outcome of patients with a negative CE is generally not known.

Patients And Methods: For 49 patients with OGIB and a negative CE, their referring physicians filled out a follow-up questionnaire to assess bleeding recurrence and any repeat investigations after negative video capsule endoscopy (VCE).

Results: A minimum follow-up duration of one year (median: 15.

Small-bowel capsule endoscopy diagnoses early and advanced neoplasms in asymptomatic patients with Lynch syndrome.

Background And Study Aims: Patients with Lynch syndrome are at increased risk of developing small-bowel adenocarcinoma, which usually has a bad prognosis and needs to be diagnosed early. Our aim was to evaluate the yield of capsule endoscopy and CT enteroclysis in this situation.

Patients And Methods: We performed a prospective, blinded, comparative study of capsule endoscopy and CT enteroclysis in five academic centers.

Diagnostic accuracy of esophageal capsule endoscopy versus conventional upper digestive endoscopy for suspected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background And Study Aim: A video capsule similar to that used in small-bowel capsule endoscopy is now available for esophageal exploration. The aim of our study was to compare the accuracy of upper endoscopy (esophageal gastroduodenoscopy [EGE]) with esophageal capsule endoscopy (ECE) in patients at risk of esophageal squamous cell cancer (SCC).

Patients And Methods: 68 patients at risk of SCC secondary to a history of head and neck neoplasia were included in this comparison of techniques for detecting SCC and dysplasia.

Endoscopic band ligation could decrease recurrent bleeding in Mallory-Weiss syndrome as compared to haemostasis by hemoclips plus epinephrine.

Background: Mallory-Weiss syndrome (MWS) with active bleeding at endoscopy may require endoscopic haemostasis the modalities of which are not well-defined.

Aim: To compare the efficacy of endoscopic band ligation vs. hemoclip plus epinephrine (adrenaline) in bleeding MWS.

Esophageal capsule endoscopy vs. EGD for the evaluation of portal hypertension: a French prospective multicenter comparative study.

Objectives: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is the standard method for the diagnosis of esophago-gastric varices. The aim of this prospective multicenter study was to evaluate the PillCam esophageal capsule endoscopy (ECE) for this indication.

Methods: Patients presenting with cirrhotic or noncirrhotic portal hypertension underwent ECEfollowed by EGD at the time of diagnosis.

Drug delivery by soft matter: matrix and vesicular carriers.

The increasing need for drug delivery systems that improve specificity and activity and at the same time reduce toxicity to ensure maximum treatment safety has led to the development of a great variety of drug vectors. Carriers based on soft matter have particularly interesting characteristics. Herein we present the current standing of the research in this area, and focus on two main families, namely matrix systems and vesicles.

Nonoperable patients with superficial esophageal cancer treated by photodynamic therapy after chemoradiotherapy have more severe complications than patients treated in primary intent.

Introduction: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic option in patients with a superficial esophageal cancer. Recently, PDT was shown to be effective as a salvage therapy for a local recurrence after chemoradiotherapy (CRT).

Aim: To compare retrospectively the results and the complications rate of PDT between consecutive patients treated in primary intent for a superficial esophageal cancer versus patients treated by PDT for a local recurrence after CRT.

Sugar-derived tricatenar catanionic surfactant: self-assembly and aggregation behavior in the cationic-rich side of the system.

The aggregation behavior of the cationic-rich side of a sugar-based tricatenar catanionic mixture was investigated in water, and it was shown that the excess of cationic sugar-based surfactant enhanced vesicle stability as well as encapsulation properties. Moreover, when the system was diluted, the vesicular solution collapsed into a lamellar phase, whereas, when it was concentrated, no major impact on the shape and stability of the aggregates was observed. We also showed that both an increase in temperature and the addition of salt induced reversible vesicle aggregation, which appeared to be salt-specific, following the direct order of the Hofmeister series.

Capsule endoscopy and bowel preparation with oral sodium phosphate: a prospective randomized controlled trial.

Background: Capsule endoscopy (CE) is the first procedure to explore the small bowel in obscure GI bleeding (OGB).

Objective: To evaluate the role of bowel preparation with oral sodium phosphate (NaP) in this indication.

Design: A prospective multicenter, controlled, randomized, blind study.

Sugar-derived tricatenar catanionic surfactant: synthesis, self-assembly properties, and hydrophilic probe encapsulation by vesicles.

A new sugar-derived tricatenar catanionic surfactant (TriCat) was developed to obtain stable vesicles that could be exploited for drug encapsulation. The presence of the sugar moiety led to the formation of highly hydrophilic stoichiometric catanionic surfactant systems. The three hydrophobic chains permitted vesicles to form spontaneously.

Bleeding gastric vascular ectasia treated by argon plasma coagulation: a comparison between patients with and without cirrhosis.

Background: Gastric vascular ectasia (GVE) is an uncommon etiology of GI bleeding. GVE can affect not only patients with cirrhosis but also patients with a variety of chronic diseases.

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare clinical and endoscopic patient characteristics and responses to treatment by argon plasma coagulation (APC) of bleeding GVE between patients with cirrhosis and noncirrhotic patients.

Screening for esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus with wireless esophageal capsule endoscopy: a multicenter prospective trial in patients with reflux symptoms.

Background And Aim: Esophageal capsule endoscopy (ECE) is a new technology that allows noninvasive investigation of the esophagus. Our aim was to evaluate prospectively the diagnostic yield of ECE in patients with chronic reflux symptoms.

Patients And Methods: Eighty-nine patients (40 men, mean age 54 yr) referred to five endoscopic centers for esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) were enrolled.

Colonic gas explosion during therapeutic colonoscopy with electrocautery.

Therapeutic colonoscopy with electrocautery is widely used around the world. Adequate colonic cleansing is considered a crucial factor for the safety of this procedure. Colonic gas explosion, although rare, is one of the most frightening iatrogenic complications during colonoscopy with electrocautery.

Multidetector CT in patients with esophageal stent as a palliative treatment for stenosing esophageal cancer: a feasibility study.

Objective: The self-expanding metallic stent (SEMS) is widely used in the palliative treatment of stenosing esophageal cancer. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) allows volumetric investigation including virtual endoscopy. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of MDCT follow-up of esophageal SEMS and to describe the imaging patterns encountered as well as correlating them with fibroscopic evaluation.

Double stenting of oesophagus and airways in palliative treatment of patients with oesophageal cancer is efficient but associated with a high morbidity.

Background: Double stenting of oesophagus and airways may be required in palliative treatment of patients with locally advanced oesophageal cancer.

Aim: To assess feasibility, efficacy and complications occurring in patients with locally advanced oesophageal cancer receiving both oesophagus and airways stenting.

Methods: In one single centre between 1997 and 2005, among 180 patients with locally advanced oesophageal cancer treated by the palliative placement of a self-expanding metal stent, patients requiring double stenting of oesophagus and airways were identified.

Value of wireless capsule endoscopy in patients with indeterminate colitis (inflammatory bowel disease type unclassified).

Background: Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) can identify small bowel mucosal lesions not seen with other imaging modalities. This technique can therefore play an important diagnostic role in the evaluation of patients with inflammatory bowel disease type unclassified (IBDU). We report on a multicentric study whose objective was to evaluate the value of WCE to increase diagnostic accuracy in categorizing IBDU.