Mortality due to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and associated social factors: a spatial analysis.

Objective: To analyze the spatial pattern of AIDS mortality and social factors associated with its occurrence.

Methods: An ecological study that considered 955 AIDS deaths of residents in Piauí, reported in the Mortality Information System (MIS) from 2007 to 2015. Non-spatial and spatial regression models were used to identify social determinants of AIDS mortality, with a significance of 5%.

Classification of the interictal state with hypsarrhythmia from Zika Virus Congenital Syndrome and of the ictal state from epilepsy in childhood without hypsarrhythmia in EEGs using entropy measures.

This paper intends to classify the interictal state with hypsarrhythmia in patients with Zika Virus Congenital Syndrome (ZVCS) and of the ictal state in patients with epilepsy in childhood without the presence of hypsarrhythmia. Hypsarrhythmia is a specific interictal chaotic morphology, and the correct distinction between these two EEG states is crucial to improving the cognitive development of these epileptic patients. The proposed approach was assessed using the proprietary database of Casa Ninar, which contains data regarding children from northeastern Brazil born with microcephaly caused by the Zika virus.

Objective evaluation of immediate reading skin prick test applying image planimetric and reaction thermometry analyses.

The skin prick test is used to diagnose patients' sensitization to antigens through a mediated IgE response. It is a practical and quick exam, but its diagnosis depends on instruments for measuring the allergic response and observer's interpretation. The conventional method for inferring about the allergic reaction is performed from the dimensions of the wheals, which are measured using a ruler or a caliper.

Different reactive species modulate the hypotensive effect triggered by angiotensins at CVLM of 2K1C hypertensive rats.

Hypertension is associated with increased central activity of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and oxidative stress. Here, we evaluated whether reactive species and neurotransmitters could contribute to the hypotensive effect induced by angiotensin (Ang) II and Ang-(1-7) at the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) in renovascular hypertensive rats (2K1C). Therefore, we investigated the effect of Ang II, Ang-(1-7), and the Ang-(1-7) antagonist A-779 microinjected before and after CVLM microinjection of the nitric oxide (NO)-synthase inhibitor, (L-NAME), vitamin C (Vit C), bicuculline, or kynurenic acid in 2K1C and SHAM rats.

Acute toxicity and tolerability of anthracycline-based chemotherapy regimens in older versus younger patients with breast cancer: real-world data.

Objectives: To compare the non-cardiac acute toxicity and tolerability profile of anthracycline-based regimens between older versus younger women diagnosed with breast cancer in a real-world setting.

Methods: Retrospective cohort of female patients diagnosed with breast cancer and treated with neoadjuvant or adjuvant anthracycline-based regimens between 2017 and 2019. Patients were grouped in young versus older, using an age of 65 as cut-off.

Oromandibular Limb Hypogenesis Syndrome: Overlap of Moebius and Ankyloglossia Superior With Severe Limb Defects.

The oromandibular limb hypogenesis syndromes (OLHS) represent a group of rare conditions characterized by congenital malformations involving the tongue, mandible, and limbs. In this report, we describe a newborn girl with paralysis of abducens and facial nerves, transverse agenesis of the distal segments of the limbs, micrognathia, cleft lip and palate, and ankyloglossia superior. This observation confirms an overlap between Moebius syndrome and ankyloglossia superior syndrome with severe limb defects.

COVID-19 in a state of Brazilian Northeast: Prevalence and associated factors in people with flu-like syndrome.

Aims And Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and associated factors of COVID-19 in people with flu-like syndrome in Ceará, Brazil.

Background: COVID-19 is an infectious disease that has led to a worldwide public health emergency. More than 30,000 cases were confirmed in Brazil, especially in the States of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Ceará.

Lignin isolated from Caesalpinia pulcherrima leaves has antioxidant, antifungal and immunostimulatory activities.

Caesalpinia pulcherrima is a shrub with worldwide distribution used as an ornamental plant. In this study, we extracted a lignin from the C. pulcherrima leaves and investigated its biological functions.

Evaluating H3F3A K27M and G34R/V somatic mutations in a cohort of pediatric brain tumors of different and rare histologies.

Purpose: Somatic mutations on H3 histone are currently considered a genetic hallmark for midline pediatric high-grade gliomas (HGGs). Yet, different tumor histologies have been occasionally described to carry these mutations. Since histone modifications can lead to major epigenetic changes with direct impact on prognosis and treatment, we thought to investigate the occurrence of H3F3A K27M and G34R/V mutations in a cohort of pediatric tumors which included HGGs, low-grade gliomas, ependymomas, medulloblastomas, and a series of rare brain tumor lesions of different histologies.

Evaluation of cytotoxic, immunomodulatory effects, antimicrobial activities and phytochemical constituents from various extracts of (Passifloraceae).

The leaves of were subjected to physicochemical analysis, such as ion content, extractives, and structural molecules. The hexanic, ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts were submitted to phytochemical analyzes by GC-MS, HPLC-MS, and spectrophotometry. In addition, antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS and TAA methods) potential, antimicrobial (MIC method) action, cytotoxicity and immunostimulant activity (flow cytometry analysis) were performed.

Interactions between As and Se upon long exposure time and effects on nutrients translocation in golden flaxseed seedlings.

Se is a beneficial nutrient for some plant species, while As is considered a toxic element, even at low concentrations. This study investigated the interaction between As and Se on golden flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) seedlings to better understand the extent of Se in the mitigation of As uptake and translocation.

Inhibition of Efflux Pumps by Monoterpene (α-pinene) and Impact on Resistance to Tetracycline and Erythromycin.

Introduction: Infectious diseases have been responsible for an increasing number of deaths worldwide. Staphylococcus aureus has been recognized as one of the most notable causative agents of severe infections, while efflux pump (EP) expression is one of the main mechanisms associated with S. aureus resistance to antibiotics.

Spatiotemporal trends of Chagas disease-related mortality in the Northeast of Brazil, 2007-2017.

Chagas disease (CD) is a neglected disease and endemic in Brazil. In the Brazilian Northeast Region, it affects millions of people. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the spatiotemporal trends of CD mortality in the Northeast of Brazil.

Maytenus robusta Reissek, a medicinal plant popularly used to treat digestive diseases, promotes ameliorative effects in colon and liver of mice exposed to dextran sulfate sodium.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Maytenus robusta Reissek (Celesteraceae), popularly named as cafezinho do mato or coração de bugre, is employed to treat inflammatory digestive diseases in the south of Brazil. However, despite popular usage, the effects of this species on an experimental model of ulcerative colitis are unknown.

Aim Of The Study: To evaluate the effects of M.

Should we keep rocking? Portraits from targeting Rho kinases in cancer.

Cancer targeted therapy, either alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapy, could allow the survival of patients with neoplasms currently considered incurable. In recent years, the dysregulation of the Rho-associated coiled-coil kinases (ROCK1 and ROCK2) has been associated with increased metastasis and poorer patient survival in several tumor types, and due to their essential roles in regulating the cytoskeleton, have gained popularity and progressively been researched as targets for the development of novel anti-cancer drugs. Nevertheless, in a pediatric scenario, the influence of both isoforms on prognosis remains a controversial issue.

Involvement of sex hormones, oxidative stress, ACE and ACE2 activity in the impairment of renal function and remodelling in SHR.

Aims: Hypertension is a relevant sex and sex hormones-dependent risk factor where the cardiovascular and renal health of the population are concerned. Men experience greater losses of renal function (RF) than women, but the mechanisms remain somewhat unclear. Our goal was to evaluate the relationship between oxidative stress (OS), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activities and RF in male and female SHR.

Frequency of the TP53 p.R337H mutation in a Brazilian cohort of pediatric patients with solid tumors.

TP53 p.R337H germline mutation is highly prevalent in the Southern region of Brazil. We sought to investigate TP53 p.

Drebrin expression patterns in patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis.

Objective: Drebrins are crucial for synaptic function and dendritic spine development, remodeling, and maintenance. In temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients, a significant hippocampal synaptic reorganization occurs, and synaptic reorganization has been associated with hippocampal hyperexcitability. This study aimed to evaluate, in TLE patients, the hippocampal expression of drebrin using immunohistochemistry with DAS2 or M2F6 antibodies that recognize adult (drebrin A) or adult and embryonic (pan-drebrin) isoforms, respectively.

Dermatan sulfate obtained from the Phallusia nigra marine organism is responsible for antioxidant activity and neuroprotection in the neuroblastoma-2A cell lineage.

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive loss of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). Several molecules play a role in mammalian CNS regeneration, including glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). GAGs are found in abundance in many marine invertebrates, such as ascidians that belong to the phylum Chordata, which show a high CNS regeneration capacity even in adulthood.

Estimation and prediction of COVID-19 cases in Brazilian metropolises.

Objective: to estimate the transmission rate, the epidemiological peak, and the number of deaths by the new coronavirus.

Method: a mathematical and epidemiological model of susceptible, infected, and recovered cases was applied to the nine Brazilian capitals with the highest number of cases of the infection. The number of cases for the 80 days following the first case was estimated by solving the differential equations.

Mortality and survival of COVID-19.

This study aims to identify the risk factors associated with mortality and survival of COVID-19 cases in a state of the Brazilian Northeast. It is a historical cohort with a secondary database of 2070 people that presented flu-like symptoms, sought health assistance in the state and tested positive to COVID-19 until 14 April 2020, only moderate and severe cases were hospitalised. The main outcome was death as a binary variable (yes/no).

The potential use of Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) in a Brazilian hospital.

Aim: To evaluate the potential use of REBOA in a Brazilian hospital.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of all requests for emergency surgical evaluation for patients with suspected massive hemorrhage, hospitalized in a private Brazilian general hospital, from April 1, 2017 to March 31, 2018. Inclusion criteria for REBOA eligibility were: suspected abdominal and/or pelvic bleeding, hemorrhagic shock and older than 18 years of age.

Mucilaginous Secretions in the Xylem and Leaf Apoplast of the Swamp Palm L.f. (Arecaceae).

Mauritia flexuosa palms inhabit wetland environments in the dry, seasonal Brazilian savanna (Cerrado) and produce mucilaginous secretions in the stem and petiole that have a medicinal value. The present study sought to characterize the chemical natures of those secretions and to describe the anatomical structures involved in their synthesis. Chemical analyzes of the secretions, anatomical, histochemical analyses, and electron microscopy studies were performed on the roots, stipes, petioles, and leaf blades.

A generic PBTK model implemented in the MCRA platform: Predictive performance and uses in risk assessment of chemicals.

Physiologically-based toxicokinetic (PBTK) models are important tools for in vitro to in vivo or inter-species extrapolations in health risk assessment of foodborne and non-foodborne chemicals. Here we present a generic PBTK model implemented in the EuroMix toolbox, MCRA 9 and predict internal kinetics of nine chemicals (three endocrine disrupters, three liver steatosis inducers, and three developmental toxicants), in data-rich and data-poor conditions, when increasingly complex levels of parametrization are applied. At the first stage, only QSAR models were used to determine substance-specific parameters, then some parameter values were refined by estimates from substance-specific or high-throughput in vitro experiments.