Consequences of fear effect and prey refuge on the Turing patterns in a delayed predator-prey system.

This study presents a qualitative analysis of a modified Leslie-Gower prey-predator model with fear effect and prey refuge in the presence of diffusion and time delay. For the non-delayed temporal system, we examined the dissipativeness and persistence of the solutions. The existence of equilibria and stability analysis is performed to comprehend the complex behavior of the proposed model.

A phytoplankton-zooplankton-fish model with chaos control: In the presence of fear effect and an additional food.

The interplay of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish is one of the most important aspects of the aquatic environment. In this paper, we propose to explore the dynamics of a phytoplankton-zooplankton-fish system, with fear-induced birth rate reduction in the middle predator by the top predator and an additional food source for the top predator fish. Phytoplankton-zooplankton and zooplankton-fish interactions are handled using Holling type IV and II responses, respectively.

Dynamics and spatio-temporal patterns in a prey-predator system with aposematic prey.

We analyze the impact of aposematic time and searching efficiency of prey on the temporal and spatio-temporal dynamics of a diffusive prey-predator system. Here, our assumption is that the prey population primarily invests its total time in two activities-(i) defense against predation and (ii) searching for food, followed by growth-induced reproduction, whereas, predators do not involve in self-defense. Moreover, we consider that the reproduction rate of prey and the rate of predation have a negative linear correlation with the amount of time invested for aposematism.

T-Cell mediated adaptive immunity and antibody-dependent enhancement in secondary dengue infection.

Dengue infection results in a significant number of deaths, mostly in the tropical and subtropical regions across the world. Yet, despite the seriousness of this disease, vaccine, and antiviral drugs that could be employed in dengue treatment remain elusive. The desire to establish the factors determining the disease severity and the growing need for efficient drugs has prompted extensive research interest in within-host viral dynamics.

Supercritical and subcritical Hopf-bifurcations in a two-delayed prey-predator system with density-dependent mortality of predator and strong Allee effect in prey.

One of the possible ways to visualize the effect of intra- and inter-species synergistic and antagonistic interactions in a natural ecosystem is the detailed analysis of the underlying prey-predator model, and the subsequent analytical findings may provide a definite justification towards the species coexistence, which often maintains biodiversity in nature. Here, our central motivation is to understand the combined effect of the Allee threshold and intra-species competition on the evolution of interacting species, which often experience delays in evolution due to its complex ecological and physiological processes. Therefore, in the present paper, we extensively analyze the stability of a two-delayed prey-predator system in the presence of strong Allee effects in prey and intra-species competition in predator.

Modeling the Spread of Zika Virus in a Stage-Structured Population: Effect of Sexual Transmission.

The recent Zika virus outbreak has been spreading rapidly all over the world, expanding its traditionally geographical affected regions, making it a global public health hazard and endangering millions of people. One unique property of the Zika virus compared to most vector-borne diseases is the fact that the virus is transmitted both by mosquitoes and by direct sexual contact. In the present manuscript, we formulate and analyze five mathematical compartmental models of Zika transmission.

Survivability of a metapopulation under local extinctions.

A metapopulation structure in landscape ecology comprises a group of interacting spatially separated subpopulations or patches of the same species that may experience several local extinctions. This makes the investigation of survivability (in the form of global oscillation) of a metapopulation on top of diverse dispersal topologies extremely crucial. However, among various dispersal topologies in ecological networks, which one can provide higher metapopulation survivability under local extinction is still not well explored.

Effect of diseases on symbiotic systems.

There are many species living in symbiotic communities. In this study, we analyzed models in which populations are in the mutualism symbiotic relations subject to a disease spreading among one of the species. The main goal is the characterization of symbiotic relations of coexisting species through their mutual influences on their respective carrying capacities, taking into account that this influence can be quite strong.

Mathematical modeling on T-cell mediated adaptive immunity in primary dengue infections.

At present, dengue is the most common mosquito-borne viral disease in the world, and the global dengue incidence is increasing day by day due to climate changing. Here, we present a mathematical model of dengue viruses (DENVs) dynamics in micro-environment (cellular level) consisting of healthy cells, infected cells, virus particles and T-cell mediated adaptive immunity. We have considered the explicit role of cytokines and antibody in our model.

A two-patch prey-predator model with predator dispersal driven by the predation strength.

Foraging movements of predator play an important role in population dynamics of prey-predator systems, which have been considered as mechanisms that contribute to spatial self-organization of prey and predator. In nature, there are many examples of prey-predator interactions where prey is immobile while predator disperses between patches non-randomly through different factors such as stimuli following the encounter of a prey. In this work, we formulate a Rosenzweig-MacArthur prey-predator two patch model with mobility only in predator and the assumption that predators move towards patches with more concentrated prey-predator interactions.

Effect of dispersal in two-patch prey-predator system with positive density dependence growth of preys.

Prey-predator systems in patchy environment, connected through dispersal between patches is a very common phenomenon observed in nature, which have a significant impact in ecology, species persistence and extinction, etc. In the present paper, we consider a two patch prey-predator system where the patches are connected through dispersal between preys populations only. We consider positive density dependence growth for preys population.

Estimating dengue type reproduction numbers for two provinces of Sri Lanka during the period 2013-14.

Dengue is an endemic disease in the southeast Asian country Sri Lanka. Two seasonal peaks of dengue incidence were observed every year since 2002 onwards. In this study, we formulate a 2-strain dengue model for analyzing the monthly seasonal dengue incidence data from 2 provinces of Sri Lanka during the period April 2013 to September 2014.

Intra-specific competition in predator can promote the coexistence of an eco-epidemiological model with strong Allee effects in prey.

An eco-epidemiological model with Allee effects and disease in prey has been proposed and analyzed. The proposed model incorporates intra-specific competition in predator due to the limited food source, and assumes standard incidence disease transmission. We analyzed the corresponding submodels with and without the Allee effects to obtain the complete dynamics of the full model.

A delayed eco-epidemiological system with infected prey and predator subject to the weak Allee effect.

We consider a system of delay differential equations to represent predator-prey eco-epidemic dynamics with weak Allee effect in the growth of predator population. The basic aim of the paper is to observe the dynamics of such system under the influence of gestation delay of predator and Allee parameter. We analyze essential mathematical features of the proposed model such as uniform persistence, stability and Hopf-bifurcation at the interior equilibrium point of the system.

A host-parasitoid system with predation-driven component Allee effects in host population.

Allee effects and parasitism are common biological phenomena observed in nature, which are believed to have significant impacts in ecological conservation programmes. In this article, we investigate population dynamics of a discrete-time host-parasitoid system with component Allee effects induced by predation satiation in host to study the synergy effects of Allee effects and parasitism. Our model assumes that parasitism attacks the host after the density dependence of the host.

An eco-epidemiological system with infected prey and predator subject to the weak Allee effect.

In this article, we propose a general prey–predator model with disease in prey and predator subject to the weak Allee effects. We make the following assumptions: (i) infected prey competes for resources but does not contribute to reproduction; and (ii) in comparison to the consumption of the susceptible prey, consumption of infected prey would contribute less or negatively to the growth of predator. Based on these assumptions, we provide basic dynamic properties for the full model and corresponding submodels with and without the Allee effects.