Comparative evaluation of accuracy of working length determination with fifth-generation apex locator using two different techniques: An study.

Context: Accurate working length (WL) determination is essential for successful root canal therapy.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the difference between two different techniques in locating minor constriction using fifth-generation electronic apex locator.

Settings And Design: A detailed protocol explaining the procedures of the study was submitted to the institutional ethics committee.

The Safety and Efficacy of Early Enteral Nutrition After Paediatric Enterostomy Closure - The EPOC Study.

Introduction: Keeping children nil by mouth until return of bowel function after intestinal anastomosis surgery is said to reduce complications. Fasting may extend up to five days, risking malnourishment and usage of parenteral nutrition. This study aims to establish the efficacy and safety of early enteral nutrition in children undergoing intestinal stoma closure.

Neonatologist-performed point-of-care abdominal ultrasound: What have we learned so far?

This review describes the sonographic appearances of the neonatal bowel in Necrotising enterocolitis. It compares these findings to those seen in midgut-Volvulus, obstructive intestinal conditions such as milk-curd obstruction, and slow gut motility in preterm infants on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)-CPAP belly syndrome. Point-of-care bowel ultrasound is also helpful in ruling out severe and active intestinal conditions, reassuring clinicians when the diagnosis is unclear in a non-specific clinical presentation where NEC cannot be excluded.

Comparison of perioperative surgical outcomes following total robotic and total laparoscopic Roux-en Y hepaticojejunostomy for choledochal cyst in paediatric population: a preliminary report from a tertiary referral centre.

Purpose: There is a paucity of data regarding the comparison of robotic and laparoscopic hepaticojejunostomy (HJ) for the treatment of paediatric choledochal cysts. Thus, our primary objective was a comparison of early complications namely post-operative bleeding, anastomotic leak, intestinal obstruction and the need for reoperation in both techniques. Our secondary objectives included a comparison of the mean time for surgery and HJ, conversion of procedure to open, intraoperative blood loss, late complications like cholangitis, stricture and post-operative outcomes like time to start oral feeds and length of post-operative stay.

Comparative analysis of off-road vehicle crashes in children: motorcycles versus quad bikes.

Objective: To characterise and compare off-road motorcycle and quad bike crashes in children in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.

Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was performed of children aged 0-16 years, admitted to hospitals in NSW, from 2001 to 2018 following an injury sustained in an off-road motorcycle or quad bike crash, using linked hospital admissions, mortality and census data.Motorcycle and quad bike injuries were compared regarding: demographics; incidence; body region injured and type of injury; injury severity based on the survival risk ratio; length of stay and mortality.

Predicting morbidity and mortality in Australian paediatric trauma with the Paediatric Age-Adjusted Shock Index and Glasgow Coma Scale.

Background: Paediatric age-adjusted shock index (SIPA) has emerged as a predictor of morbidity and mortality in trauma. Poor sensitivity and low generalisability demonstrated in previous studies have limited its use. We evaluate the use of SIPA in the general Australian paediatric trauma population and the combination of SIPA with GCS.

Paediatric off-road vehicle injury in rural and regional Australia.

Objective: Off-road riding of quad bikes and motorcycles is common among children across rural and remote Australia, but is a significant source of injury and hospitalisation. An in-depth analysis of paediatric off-road vehicle crashes was undertaken to inform injury prevention countermeasures by characterising injury patterns and sources of injury.

Design: This is a prospective in-depth case series.

Surgeon Performed Ultrasound for Diagnosis of Intussusception - A Pilot Study.

To study the diagnostic accuracy of surgeon performed ultrasound (SPU) in the diagnosis of children presenting with clinical suspicion of intussusception to a tertiary paediatric facility in NSW, Australia. Children under the age of 16 presenting to the emergency department with clinical features suggestive of intussusception were recruited. After obtaining consent SPU was performed by a Paediatric surgeon.

Traumatic duodenal injuries in children: a single-centre study.

Background: Traumatic duodenal injuries in children are rare, and few studies have documented duodenal injuries in children, especially in Australasia. This study assessed the mechanism, investigations, management and outcomes of children (aged <16 years) with duodenal injuries.

Methods: Retrospective review was conducted over a 16-year period from a single paediatric trauma centre.

Open Versus Ultrasound Guided Tunneled Central Venous Access in children: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare open insertion to ultrasound guided percutaneous insertion of central access catheters performed in a tertiary pediatric hospital in terms of its safety and complication rates.

Methods: This was an ethics approved prospective randomized trial of children under 16 y of age. Procedure was performed by surgeons with varying experience with percutaneous and open insertion.

Observational study of falls in children from windows and balconies: What has changed?

Aim: To describe patterns of injury from window and balcony falls in children presenting to a tertiary paediatric trauma centre in New South Wales.

Methods: A retrospective review of cases of children <15 years who had sustained injuries in a fall from a building, identified from the trauma database between 1998 and 2019.

Results: A total of 381 falls from windows and balconies were recorded over the 22-year study period.

Traumatic Abdominal Wall Hernias Following High-Velocity Trauma in Children.

Traumatic abdominal wall hernias following blunt high-velocity trauma are uncommon in children and can result in concurrent abdominal visceral injuries. We present one such case of a 9 year-old boy requiring a trauma laparotomy to repair visceral injuries following a motor vehicle accident.

Trends of traumatic spinal injury-related hospitalizations in Australian children over a 10-year period: a nationwide population-based cohort study.

Background Context: Despite its potential to cause serious and life-long disability or death, population-based data on traumatic spinal injury in pediatric populations is scarce.

Purpose: To quantify and describe the incidence and cost of hospitalizations for traumatic spinal injury among Australian children, and to examine the trend over a 10-year period.

Study Design: Population-based retrospective cohort study.

Abdominal compartment syndrome monitoring in neonates with an acute abdomen - A pilot, retrospective, observational study.

Background: Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is a pathological increase of the intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) with dysfunction of one or more organs. There is lack of clarity in neonates regarding what intravesical pressure (IVP) value, a surrogate marker for IAP, indicates the need for intervention for ACS.

Methods: The medical records at a Children's Hospital NICU were reviewed to identify all neonates that had IVP/s monitored over a 10-year period (2008-2017).

Determining the priorities for change in paediatric trauma care delivery in NSW, Australia.

Background: Injury remains the leading cause of death and disability for Australian children. There is known variability in the quality of care delivered to injured children in Australia. This study prioritises recommendations developed from an expert review of paediatric trauma cases, for implementation with the aim of improving health service delivery to children sustaining severe injury.

Pullthrough Operation for Hirschsprung's Disease: Importance of a Circumferential (Donut) Biopsy at the Level of the Anastomosis.

Hirschsprung's disease is characterized by the absence of ganglia in the distal colon, resulting in a functional obstruction. It is managed by excision of the aganglionic segment and anastomosis of the ganglionated bowel just above the dentate line. The level of aganglionosis is determined by performing multiple seromuscular biopsies and/or full thickness biopsy on the antimesenteric border of the bowel to determine the level of pullthrough.

Radiation exposure in infants with oesophageal atresia and tracheo-oesophageal fistula.

Purpose: Oesophageal atresia and tracheo-oesophageal atresia require surgical repair in early infancy. These children have significant disease-related morbidity requiring frequent radiological examinations resulting in an increased malignancy risk.

Methods: A single-centre, retrospective review was performed of radiation exposure in children with OA/TOF born 2011-2015.

Identifying areas for improvement in paediatric trauma care in NSW Australia using a clinical, system and human factors peer-review tool.

Background: There is known variability in the quality of care delivered to injured children. Identifying where care improvement can be made is critical. This study aimed to review paediatric trauma cases across the most populous Australian State to identify factors contributing to clinical incidents.

Diagnostic accuracy of surgeon performed ultrasound (SPU) for appendicitis in children.

Aim: Compare the diagnostic accuracy of surgeon performed ultrasound to radiology performed ultrasound in children presenting with suspected appendicitis to a tertiary care pediatric hospital in Australia.

Methods: Children under 16 presenting to the emergency department of The Children's Hospital at Westmead were considered for the study. Patients with obvious signs of appendicitis not requiring ultrasound and those with established ultrasound diagnosis of appendicitis were excluded.

Complexity of gastroschisis predicts outcome: epidemiology and experience in an Australian tertiary centre.

Background: Gastroschisis is a congenital anomaly of the fetal abdominal wall, usually to the right side of umbilical insertion. It is often detected by routine antenatal ultrasound. Significant maternal and pediatric resources are utilised in the care of women and infants with gastroschisis.